Formação profissional e a relação com a sucessão geracional entre jovens rurais, Brasil / Professional qualifications and relations with the generational succession among rural youths, Brazil / Formación profesional y relación con la sucesión generacional entre jóvenes rurales, Brasil

Resumo (analítico) O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as perspectivas de permanência no meio rural e sucessão familiar na agricultura dos jovens e das jovens rurais estudantes do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão. Este estudo é uma pesquisa quantitativa. Os dados empíricos foram obtidos com questionário que contemplou a totalidade dos jovens e das jovens rurais do Campus e posteriormente foram analisados pelo programa estatístico PSPP (análises de frequência e correlação, com teste chi-square). Concluiu-se que os jovens rurais do sexo masculino são mais incentivados e têm mais interesse em serem gestores e sucessores das propriedades rurais e em permanecer no campo. Estudar na área de ciências agrárias também aumenta o interesse em serem sucessores, mas não diminui a diferença de gênero.

Abstract (analytical) The objective of the study was to analyze the possibilities of permanence in rural zones and family succession in agriculture among urban and rural students at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão Campus. The empirical data in this quantitative study was obtained through a survey that included all of the rural and urban youth at the campus. This data was later analyzed by the PSPP statistical program (chi-square test). It was concluded that young rural men are more encouraged and more interested in being the operators and successors of rural properties and have more interest in continuing to live in rural areas. Agricultural science students also demonstrate more interest in family succession, but the gender different remains in this population.

Resumen (analítico) El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las perspectivas de permanencia en el medio rural y la sucesión familiar en la agricultura de los jóvenes y de las jóvenes rurales estudiantes del Instituto Federal de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología de Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão. Este estudio es una investigación cuantitativa. Los datos empíricos fueron obtenidos mediante cuestionario que comprendió la totalidad de los jóvenes y de las jóvenes rurales del Campus, y posteriormente fue analizado por el programa estadístico PSPP (Análisis de frecuencia y correlación, con prueba Chi-square). Se concluyó que los jóvenes rurales del sexo masculino son más incentivados y tienen más interés en ser gestores y sucesores de las propiedades rurales y en permanecer en el campo. Estudiar en el área de las ciencias agrarias también aumenta el interés en ser sucesores, pero no disminuye la diferencia de género.

Correlations between subdural empyema and paraclinical as well as clinical parameters amongst urban Malay paediatric patients

Paediatric subdural empyema is frequently seen in developing Asean countries secondary to rinosinusogenic origins. A cross-sectional analysis on the surgical treatment of intracranial subdural empyema in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), a major referral center, was done in 2004. A total number of 44 children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included into this study. The methods of first surgery, volume of empyema on contrasted CT brain, improvement of neurological status, re-surgery, mortality and morbidity, as well as the demographic data such as age, gender, sex, duration of illness, clinical presentation, probable origin of empyema, cultures and follow-up were studied. Chi-square test was performed to determine the association between surgical methods and the survival of the patients, neurological improvement, clearance of empyema on CT brain, re-surgery and long morbidity among the survivors. If the 20% or more of the cells were having expected frequency less than five, then Fisher’s Exact test was applied. The level of significance was set at 0.05. SPSS version 12.0 was used for data entry and data analysis. There were 44 patients who were less than 18 years. Their mean age was 5.90 ± 6.01 years. There were 30 males (68.2%) and 14 females (31.8%) involved in the study. Malays were majority with 28 (63.6%) followed by Indian 8 (18.2%), Chinese 5 (11.4%) and others 3 (6.8%). The variables which were under interest were gender, race, headache, vomiting, seizures, sign of meningism, cranial nerve palsy, thickness site of abscess, first surgical treatment, improvement in neurological deficit, clearance of CT and whether re-surgery was necessary. All variables were found not to be associated with Henk W Mauser Score for PISDE grading. Comparison between this urban study and a rural setting study by the same corresponding author in the same period on subdural empyema was done. Common parameters were compared and it was found out that seizures were more prevalent in urban study where the patients are more than one year old (p=0.005). Mortality was much higher in urban study than the rural one (p=0.040). The larger proportion of urban group had volume of abscess less than or equal to 50 ml (p=< 0.001).