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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 95(5): 640-647, out. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570440

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é fator de risco modificável, cujo controle pode reduzir doença cardiovascular nos pacientes com vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida (HIV). OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de HAS e descrever as características dos pacientes com HAS e pré-hipertensão infectados pelo HIV/AIDS. MÉTODOS: Estudo seccional alinhado a uma coorte de pacientes com HIV/AIDS. Considerou-se hipertensão em níveis > 140/90 mmHg ou uso de anti-hipertensivos e pré-hipertensão em níveis > 120/80 mmHg. RESULTADOS: Dos 958 pacientes, 388 (40,5 por cento) eram normotensos, 325 (33,9 por cento) pré-hipertensos e 245 (25,6 por cento) hipertensos. Desses 245 pacientes, 172 (70,2 por cento) sabiam ser hipertensos e 36 (14,8 por cento) apresentavam pressão arterial controlada. Tiveram diagnóstico de HAS após o diagnóstico do HIV 62 pacientes (54,4 por cento). Lipodistrofia ocorreu em 95 (46,1 por cento) dos pacientes, já sobrepeso/obesidade em 129 (52,7 por cento). Utilização de antirretrovirais ocorreu em 184 (85,9 por cento), 89 (41,6 por cento) com inibidores de protease (IP) e 95 (44,4 por cento) sem IP. Utilizavam antivirais > 24 meses 74,7 por cento. Idade, antecedentes familiares de hipertensão, circunferência abdominal, índice de massa corporal e triglicerídeos foram maiores entre pacientes hipertensos. Tempo de infecção pelo HIV, contagem de linfócitos CD4, carga viral, tempo e tipo de esquema antirretroviral foram semelhantes nos hipertensos e pré-hipertensos. CONCLUSÃO: A elevada frequência de hipertensos não controlados e de riscos cardiovasculares nos infectados pelo HIV apontam a necessidade de medidas preventivas e terapêuticas contra HAS nesse grupo.


BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HBP) is modifiable risk factor, whose control may reduce cardiovascular disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of hypertension and describe the characteristics of patients with hypertension infected by HIV/AIDS. METHODS: A cross-sectional study aligned to a cohort of patients with HIV/AIDS. The study considered hypertension at levels > 140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive drugs and pre-hypertension at levels > 120/80 mmHg. RESULTS: Out of 958 patients, 388 (40.5 percent) were normotensive, 325 (33.9 percent) were pre-hypertensive, and 245 (25.6 percent) were hypertensive. Out of these 245 patients, 172 (70.2 percent) were aware of the fact there they were hypertensive, and 36 (14.8 percent) had blood pressure controlled. Sixty-two (62) patients (54.4 percent) were diagnosed with hypertension after HIV diagnosis. Lipodystrophy occurred in 95 (46.1 percent) patients; overweight/obesity in 129 (52.7 percent). Use of antiretrovirals occurred in 184 (85.9 percent), 89 (41.6 percent) with protease inhibitors (PI) and 95 (44.4 percent) without PI. Out of these patients, 74.7 used antivirals > 24 months. Age, family history of hypertension, waist circumference, body mass index and triglyceride levels were higher among hypertensive patients. Time of HIV infection, CD4 count, viral load, time and type of antiretroviral regimen were similar in hypertensive and prehypertensive patients. CONCLUSION: The high frequency of uncontrolled hypertensive patients and cardiovascular risks in HIV-infected patients point out to the need for preventive and therapeutic measures against hypertension in this group.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Life Style , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Body Mass Index , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hypertension/classification , Lipodystrophy/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Reference Values , Risk Factors
2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 13(6): 1841-1849, nov.-dez. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-493878

ABSTRACT

Após dez anos de uso da terapia anti-retroviral de alta potência, um novo problema surge: a síndrome lipodistrófica do HIV, uma distribuição irregular de gordura no corpo, decorrente do uso das medicações anti-retrovirais. Se no início da epidemia, a aids era caracterizada, sobretudo, pela magreza, hoje - tempos de "aids crônica"- estamos, uma vez mais, diante do estigma sobre o corpo, só que, paradoxalmente, com sinal trocado - o acúmulo "desordenado" de gordura no corpo. Este artigo apresenta e compara as mudanças corporais percebidas por pessoas que vivem com HIV e aids, ocorridas nos últimos anos da epidemia, com a utilização dos anti-retrovirais. Foram analisadas 32 entrevistas qualitativas com pessoas vivendo com HIV e aids, realizadas nos anos de 1999 e 2005. Ao nos depararmos com as novas questões emergentes e analisarmos sua interação com a crescente disponibilidade e utilização de tecnologias, fica a forte sensação de ressurgimento, sob nova forma, dos mesmos paradoxos previamente existentes nos tempos da aids aguda: o impacto dos sinais e um certo tipo de ressurgimento da desesperança quanto ao futuro de vida dessas pessoas.


The Brazilian government has been providing free and universal access to the HAART therapy for people living with HIV and AIDS for ten years. Since then, many epidemiological characteristics have changed, and AIDS passed scientifically and medically to be classified as a chronic condition. This qualitative study aims to comprehend the challenges posed by self-perception of body changes experienced by people living with AIDS during recent years, as a result of prolonged use of antiretroviral medication.With this purpose, in 1999 and 2005, 32 semi-structured interviews with HIV positive individuals were held in the State of Sao Paulo to capture the challenges occurred during this period, in particular with regard to the lipodystrophy syndrome. The analysis of the data indicates that even with the availability and use of new technologies that allowed for AIDS to transform into a chronic, clinically treatable disease, there are still important aspects lived by patients that reedit fears and difficulties similar to those of the initial periods of the epidemic, among others appearance-impairing physical stigma.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology , Body Image , HIV Infections/psychology , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/surgery , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , Chronic Disease , Disease Progression , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/etiology
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