Uso de colgajos libres perforantes de la región abdominal tipo DIEP y SIEA para reconstrucción mamaria / Use of perforator flaps from the lower abdomen (DIEP and SIEA) for breast reconstruction

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es la neoplasia que afecta en forma más frecuente a las mujeres en el mundo. Posterior a una mastectomía, el uso de tejidos autógenos para la reconstrucción mamaria tiene mejores resultados a largo plazo. La utilización de colgajos libres obtenidos del abdomen se ha planteado como una alternativa adecuada. Objetivos: Se reportan una serie de casos con el uso de colgajos libres de vasos perforantes de la arteria epigástrica inferior profunda (DIEP) y vasos epigástricos inferiores superficiales (SIEA) en la reconstrucción de mama. Pacientes y método: Describimos 21 casos de reconstrucción mamaria utilizando el colgajo DIEP y 3 casos de colgajo SIEA en la Clínica Las Condes (CLC) entre el 2007 y 2015. Resultados: De un total de 24 pacientes con un rango de edad de entre 48 y 60 años, 18 de ellas fueron sometidas a reconstrucción unilateral, 3 a reconstrucción bilateral con DIEP, y 3 fueron sometidas a reconstrucción unilateral con colgajo SIEA. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 6,5 h y el tiempo de hospitalización, de 6 días. En una reconstrucción bilateral hubo pérdida del colgajo izquierdo por trombosis venosa, la cual se sometió a una segunda reconstrucción con colgajo libre. Discusión: En nuestra experiencia en la CLC, la reconstrucción mamaria con colgajos libres perforantes de la zona inferior del abdomen tiene una baja morbilidad. La literatura avala esta técnica como una alternativa válida en pacientes seleccionadas.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequent neoplasia affecting women worldwide. After mastectomy for breast cancer, autologous tissue breast reconstruction offers better long-term results. The use of abdominal free flaps has shown to be an adequate option. Aim: We report a series of cases of deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP flap) and superficial inferior epigastric artery flap reconstructions. Patients and methods: We describe 21 patients with breast reconstruction using DIEP flap and 3 cases of SIEA flap in CLC between 2007 and 2012. Results: 24 patients underwent the procedure with an age range of 48 to 60 years; 18 patients underwent a unilateral reconstruction and 3 patients bilateral reconstructions with DIEP flaps; 3 patients underwent unilateral breast reconstruction with SIEA flap. Mean operative time was 6,5 h and mean hospitalization was 6 days. In one bilateral reconstruction the left flap was lost, which required a second free flap reconstruction. Discussion: In our experience, microvascular breast reconstruction using perforator flaps has a low morbidity. As described in the literature, this is a valid alternative in selected patients.

Various Abdominal Flaps for Breast Reconstruction: Pedicled TRAM, Free TRAM, Muscle-sparing TRAM, DIEP, and SIEA Flaps / 영남의대학술지

The incidence of breast cancer, the second most prevalent cancer type in South Korea, has increased by 6.8% annually in the lastsix years.The higher number of breast cancer patients has led to an increase in the cases of skin-sparing mastectomies, thereby increasing the need for reconstructive procedures. The reconstruction options include alloplastic techniques such as implant or autologous reconstruction with numerous flaps. The abdominal area is the preferred donorsite for the harvest of autologous tissue for breast reconstruction. Breast reconstruction using abdonimal tissue is commonly accomplished using the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap. The establishment of microvascular surgery led to the development of the free TRAM flap because of its increased vascularity and decreased rectus abdominis sacrifice. The muscle-sparing TRAM, DIEP, and SIEA flap techniques were later developed in an effort to decrease the abdominal-donor-site morbidity by decreasing the injury to the rectus abdominis muscle and fascia. This article summarizes the various abdominal flaps for breast reconstruction.

Breast Reconstruction with Lower Abdominal Tissue Free Transfer

Lower abdominal tissue is regarded as an ideal donor site for the breast reconstruction because it provides large skin territory and huge amount of soft tissues enough to the breast size. However it is not easy for the surgeon to reconstruct the really natural breast, and needs the learning curve with long time experience.