ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the current situation of smoking and the influencing factors among female students of a medical college in Chongqing .Methods By applying the stratified cluster random sampling method ,992 female students were sam-pled from 5 faculties 3 grades in this college for conducting the smoking questionnaire investigation .Results The smoking rate a-mong female students was 3 .51% and the attempting smoking rate was 9 .18% .Among them ,the higher smoking rate mainly fo-cused on the students from urban area ,which was 9 .30% .The female students without opposite attitude to college student′s smok-ing had the smoking rate of 12 .11% and the female students with peripheral friends smoking had the smoking rate of 28 .22% .The influencing factors of smoking among female students included the place where the students came from ,student′s attitudes to smok-ing ,the smoking status of their peripheral friends ,etc .Conclusion The smoking rate among female students in the medical college is basically consistent to that of the national level of female smoking ,but the total cigarette contact rate is higher .It is necessary to strengthen the frequent smoking control education and intervention on the female students in the medical colleges for effectively re-ducing the smoking rate and decreasing the smoking harm to the female health .
ABSTRACT
Para que un programa de especialización médica o quirúrgica cumpla con el objetivos de formar especialistas con los conocimientos y habilidades propios del área específica de formación, estos deben incluir espacios académicos que permita que los residentes entren en contacto con la investigación. Este artículo de ensayo revisa las razones y evidencias que soportan esta afirmación, la cual no solo es relevante para la formación de los profesionales sino para el desarrollo de los pueblos, e incluye una serie de propuestas que permiten el desarrollo de actividades de investigación formativa al interior de las especialidades médicas y quirúrgicas. [Díaz LA. El papel de la investigación en la formación de especialistas medicoquirúrgicos. MedUNAB 2012; 15:98-101].
If any medical or surgical specialty training program aims to educate specialist with the specific knowledge and skills to the specific area, these should include academic spaces that allow residents to come into contact with research. This paper review the rationale and evidence to support this assertion, which in not only relevant to the training of professionals but for the development of peoples, and includes several proposals that enable the development of research training within medical and surgical specialties. [Díaz LA. The role of research training in medical and surgical specialties. MedUNAB 2012; 15:98-101].
Subject(s)
Education, Medical , Specialties, Surgical , Biomedical Research , MedicineABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, descriptivo y retrospectivo con el objetivo de conocer el comportamiento de la incapacidad permanente para el trabajo en el municipio "San Cristóbal" durante el decenio 1982-1991, y se aplicó el método de encuesta por el que se recogieron datos que fueron extraídos del modelo oficial de peritaje médico laboral y de la entrevista con el peritado. Los resultados fueron plasmados en tablas de contingencias donde se relacionan las variables por cada año estudiado, y se aplicó la prueba estadística de chi cuadrado. El número de individuos dictaminados con incapacidad laboral total fue de 693; predominó en reportes el año 1988 con 114 casos y muy discretamente el sexo femenino sobre el masculino, el grupo etáreo de 45 a 54 años con 360 casos y la artrosis como entidad valorada por ortopedia, con análisis estadísticos significativos. No resultó estadísticamente significativo, el predominio de la hipertensión arterial sistémica entre las entidades valoradas por la especialidad de medicina interna como causas de incapacidad laboral. Fue muy significativa la variación del número de dictaminados por la comisión en cada uno de los años estudiados y que el porcentaje de ellos que se encontraban realizando trabajos que demandan esfuerzo físico de moderado a intenso al momento de aplicar la encuesta, ascendió al 64,9.
A longitudinal, descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in order to know the behavior of permanent labor disability at the municipality of San Cristóbal during 1982-1991. A survey was done to collect data taken from the official model of medical inspections and from the interview with the disabled worker. The results were shown in contingency tables where the variables are related by every year studied. The chi square statistical test was applied. The number of individuals with labor disability was 693. As for reports, the year 1988 predominated with 114. There was a discreet prevalence of females over males. The highest amount of cases was found in the age group from 45 to 54 years. As regards diseases, arthrosis was the most assessed by orthopedics with significant statistical analyses. The predominances of systemic arterial hypertension among the affections evaluated by the speciality of internal medicine as causes of labor disability was not statistically remarkable. The variation of the number of persons considered as disabled by the commission each year was highly representative. The percentage of those who had jobs demanding from moderate to intense physical effort at the time the survey was applied ascended to 64.9.