Anger and Coronary Artery Disease in Women Submitted to Coronary Angiography: A 48-Month Follow-Up / Raiva e Doença Arterial Coronariana em Mulheres Submetidas a Angiografia Coronariana: Acompanhamento de 48 Meses

Abstract Background: Anger control was significantly lower in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), regardless of traditionally known risk factors, occurrence of prior events or other anger aspects in a previous study of our research group. Objective: To assess the association between anger and CAD, its clinical course and predictors of low anger control in women submitted to coronary angiography. Methods: This is a cohort prospective study. Anger was assessed by use of Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Women were consecutively scheduled to undergo coronary angiography, considering CAD definition as ≥ 50% stenosis of one epicardial coronary artery. Results: During the study, 255 women were included, being divided into two groups according to their anger control average (26.99). Those with anger control below average were younger and had a family history of CAD. Patients were followed up for 48 months to verify the occurrence of major cardiovascular events. Conclusion: Women with CAD undergoing coronary angiography had lower anger control, which was associated with age and CAD family history. On clinical follow-up, event-free survival did not significantly differ between patients with anger control above or below average.

Resumo Fundamento: O controle da raiva mostrou-se significativamente mais baixo em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC), independentemente dos fatores de risco tradicionais conhecidos, da ocorrência de eventos prévios, ou de outros aspectos da raiva em estudo prévio do nosso grupo. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre raiva e DAC, sua evolução clínica e preditores de baixo controle de raiva em mulheres submetidas a coronariografia. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo de coorte prospectivo. Avaliou-se raiva com o Inventário de Expressão de Raiva como Estado e Traço de Spielberger (STAXI). Todas as mulheres agendadas para realização de angiografia coronariana durante o período de estudo foram abordadas consecutivamente. Definiu-se DAC como estenose de uma artéria coronária epicárdica ≥ 50%. Resultados: Este estudo incluiu 255 mulheres, que foram divididas em dois grupos, acima e abaixo da média do controle de raiva (26,99). Aquelas com controle abaixo da média eram mais jovens e tinham história familiar de DAC. As pacientes foram seguidas por 48 meses para verificar a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares maiores. Conclusão: As mulheres com DAC submetidas a coronariografia apresentaram menor controle de raiva, que se associou com idade e história familiar de DAC. No seguimento clínico, a sobrevida livre de evento não diferiu significativamente entre pacientes com controle de raiva acima da média e aquelas com controle abaixo.

Evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de las Puntuaciones del STAXI-2 para población general y hospitalaria: Estudio con una muestra de adultos de República Dominicana / Evidence of validity and reliability of the STAXI-2 Scores for the general and hospital population: Study with a sample of adults from the Dominican Republic

Resumen Para evaluar la experiencia, expresión y control de la ira, Spielberger construyó el Inventario State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. El presente trabajo se propuso evaluar la validez y confiabilidad de las puntuaciones de la versión española del STAXI-2 para población general y hospitalaria de República Dominicana. Con este fin se analizó su estructura factorial, se evaluó la consistencia interna del instrumento, y se obtuvieron evidencias de validez mediante el contraste de grupo (población general vs. hospitalaria). Para realizar el estudio se trabajó con muestra de total de 1034 participantes, de población general (N = 792) y hospitalaria (N = 242) de la ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros, República Dominicana. El análisis factorial confirmatorio permitió verificar el ajuste de los modelos originales para todas las escalas de ira (i.e. modelo de tres factores para la escala de ira-estado; modelo de dos factores para la escala de ira-rasgo; y modelo de cuatro factores para la escala de control y expresión de la ira). Todas las dimensiones descritas alcanzaron índices de fiabilidad aceptables y óptimos. Finalmente, las escalas consideradas discriminaron adecuadamente entre población general y hospitalaria, especialmente cuando se consideró la muestra psiquiátrica. En conjunto los resultados permiten concluir que las puntuaciones de la versión española del STAXI-2 son válidas y confiables para medir el estado-rasgo, y control-expresión de la ira en República Dominicana.

Abstract To measure the experience, expression and control of anger, Spielberger built the Inventory State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. This paper under took to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scores of the Spanish version of the STAXI-2 for the general and hospital population of the DR. To this end, the factorial structure was analyzed, the internal consistency of the instrument was evaluated, and evidence of validity was obtained by contrasting groups (general vs. hospital population). To conduct the study, we worked with a sample of 1034 participants from both the general population (N = 792) and hospital population (N = 242) from the city of Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic. The confirmatory factor analysis allowed to verify the adjustment of the original models for all anger scales (i.e. three-factor model for the anger-state scale, two-factor model for the anger-trait scale, and four-factor model for the scale of control and expression of anger). All the dimensions reached acceptable or optimal reliability indexes. Finally, the scales adequately discriminated between the general and hospital population, especially when the psychiatric sample was considered. Overall, the results allow us to conclude that the scores of the Spanish version of the STAXI-2 are valid and reliable to measure the state trait, and control-expression of anger in the DR.

Multidimensional Comparison of Personality Characteristics in Genetic High Risk for Schizophrenia, First Episode Psychosis and Healthy Controls / 대한정신분열병학회지

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have suggested that some personality characteristics are associated with the onset, prognosis and social function in schizophrenia patients. However few is known about the personality and affective characteristic of genetic high risk group (GHR) for schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the personality and the affective characteristic of GHR group for schizophrenia. METHODS: Participants were 54 healthy controls (HC), 26 subjects with GHR for schizophrenia and 28 subjects with first episode psychosis (FEP). We performed three self-report questionnaires; NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised, State and Anger Expression Inventory and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. RESULTS: The GHR group showed higher score in agreeableness item than the HC (p=0.028). In extraversion item, the FEP group showed significantly lower scores than the HC (p=0.001). The GHR group showed lower scores in neuroticism item compared with FEP group in trend level. The FEP group showed higher trait-anger, lower positive affect and higher negative affect compared with the others. CONCLUSION: The GHR group seem to share certain vulnerable personality and affective characteristics for schizophrenia with the FEP group. On the other hands, the GHR group appeared to be more agreeable than the other groups, which might act as the compensation for other impaired functions.

Validación de la versión mexicana del Inventario de Expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-2) / Validation of the Mexican version of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2) / Validação da versão mexicana do Inventário de Expressão de Ira Estado-Traço (STAXI-2)

Esta investigación busca determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión mexicana del Inventario de Expresión de la ira estado-rasgo (STAXI-2; Miguel-Tobal, Casado, Can-Vindel y Spielberger, 2001). En él participaron 865 personas, entre los 12 y 60 años de edad de las cuales 54.9% eran hombres y 45.1%, mujeres., Entre ellos había estudiantes (46%), deportistas (42.4%) y población general (11.6%). Se presentó una similitud en la estructura factorial de las escalas estado, rasgo y expresión / control de la ira de la versión española. Sin embargo, se agruparon en ocho factores y no en las nueve subescalas que conformaban el instrumento original. Las estudiantes bachilleres expresaron un mayor nivel de ira que las universitarias, y los deportistas expresaron mayor ira que la población general y que los estudiantes. Los índices de consistencia interna para las escalas de ira-estado, ira-rasgo y expresión-control fueron aceptables (α = .887, α = .860, y α = .733, respectivamente), así como los porcentajes de varianza explicada (49.5%, 59.3% y 49.4%, respectivamente). Se obtuvieron correlaciones significativas entre los factores, excepto con el 'control de la ira' y la 'expresión de la ira' que no se relacionaron entre sí. El estudio permite concluir que el inventario es una herramienta verbal válida y confiable para la medición de la ira en población mexicana.

The aim of the study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Mexican version of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2; Miguel-Tobal, Casado, Can-Vindel y Spielberger, 2001). Participants were 865 people, with ages between 12 and 60 years old; 54.9% were men and 45.1%, women. Among them there were students (46.0%), athletes (42.4%) and general population (11.6%). Results showed a similar factorial structure of the state, trait and anger expression / control scales of the Spanish version STAXI-2. However, these were grouped in eight factors rather than the nine subscales that constituted the original instrument. Senior high school students expressed higher levels of anger than college students and athletes expressed more anger than the general population and the students. Internal consistency indexes were acceptable for anger-state, anger-trait and expression-control (α = 0.887, α = 0.860, and α = 0.733, respectively), as well as the percentages for the explained variance (49.51%, 59.31% y 49.44%, respectively). Significant correlations were obtained among the factors, except for the anger-control and anger-expression subscales, that were unrelated to each other. The study concludes that the STAXI-2 inventory is a valid and reliable verbal tool for anger assessment in Mexican population.

Esta pesquisa visa determinar as propriedades psicométricas da versão mexicana do Inventário de Expressão de Ira Estado-Traço (STAXI-2; Miguel-Tobal, Casado, Can-Vindel y Spielberger, 2001). Estiveram presentes 865 pessoas, entre 12 e 60 anos, das quais 54,9% eram do sexo masculino e 45,1% mulheres. Havia estudantes (46%), esportistas (42,4%) e população corrente (11,6%). Houve uma semelhança na estrutura fatorial das escalas estado, traço e expressão/controle da ira da versão em espanhol. No entanto, foram agrupados em oito fatores, e não nas nove subescalas que compõem o instrumento original. As estudantes do ensino médio expressaram maior nível de ira que as universitárias, e os esportistas expressaram mais ira do que a população geral e os estudantes. Os índices de consistência interna das escalas de ira de ira-estado, ira-traço e expressão-controle foram aceitáveis (α = 0,887, α = 0,860 e α = 0,733, respectivamente), e as porcentagens de variância explicada (49,5%, 59,3% e 49,4%, respectivamente). Obtiveram-se correlações estatisticamente significativas entre os fatores, exceto em "controle de ira" e "expressão de ira", que não estão relacionados entre si. O estudo conclui que o inventário verbal é um instrumento válido e confiável para medir a ira na população mexicana.

Effects of Paroxetine on Symptoms of Hwa-Byung / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study consists of a single open clinical trial to evaluate the treatment effects of paroxetine on symptoms of hwa-byung, a Korean culture-related anger syndrome. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, or self-labeled hwa-byung were treated with paroxetine (Paxil CR) 12.5-37.5 mg/day for 8 weeks. Treatment effects were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the State and Trait Anger Inventory (STAXI), and the Hwa-byung Scale. RESULTS: Scores on all items ; total score on the Hwa-byung Scale ; scores on state anger, trait anger, and anger-in ; total score on the STAXI ; and total score on the HAM-D decreased significantly after eight weeks of paroxetine treatment compared to baseline. CONCLUSION: Paroxetine was shown to be effective for treating symptoms of hwa-byung, a chronic anger syndrome.