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RESUMEN El aceite de sachainchi, es considerado un alimento de alto valor nutritivo por su elevado contenido en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, tocoferoles y esteroles. Sin embargo, al igual que otros aceites de su categoría, es muy susceptible a la oxidación lipídica durante el almacenamiento. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto del aceite esencial de Minthostachys mollis en la estabilidad oxidativa de aceite de sachainchi (Plukenetia huayllabambana). Se mezcló aceite esencial (AE) de M. mollis con 1, 2, 4, 6 y 8 g/kg de aceite de sachainchi y dos aceites controles (sin AE y con 0,02 g/kg de antioxidante comercial BHT). Todos los tratamientos fueron almacenados a T° ambiente (17 °C promedio). Se midió el índice de peróxido de los tratamientos a los 2, 5, 10 y 15 días de almacenamiento. Se encontró que dosis de 1, 2 y 4 g/kg de AE de M. mollis estabilizaron la oxidación lipídica del aceite de sachainchi hasta por 10 días de almacenamiento con igual efectividad que el antioxidante comercial BHT. Aunque este trabajo revela el potencial que tiene el AE de M. mollis como antioxidante natural en alimentos, es necesario evaluaciones con menores dosis y mayor tiempo de almacenamiento para fortalecer esta primera aproximación.
ABSTRACT Sacha inchi oil is considered a food of high nutritional value, due to its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols and sterols. However, like other oils in its category, it is very susceptible to lipid oxidation during storage. The objective was to evaluate the effect of Minthostachys mollis essential oil on the oxidative stability of sacha inchi oil (Plukenetia huayllabambana). Essential oil (EO) of M. mollis was applied with 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg of sacha inchi oil and two controls (without EO and with 0.02 g/kg of commercial antioxidant BHT). All treatments were stored at room temperature (17 °C average) and the peroxide value of the treatments was measured at 2, 5, 10 and 15 days of storage. It was found that doses of 1, 2 and 4 g/kg of M. mollis EO could stabilize lipid oxidation of sacha inchi oil for up to 10 storage days with equal effectiveness to the commercial antioxidant BHT. Although this work reveals the potential of M. mollis EO as a natural antioxidant in food, evaluations with lower doses and longer storage times are necessary to strengthen this first approximation.
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Aims: Oils with high levels of omega-3 are being commercialized as the natural supplement to avoid serious consequences related to metabolic syndrome. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) oil is a natural product used as a nutraceutical in Peru. Otherwise, genotoxicity is the main test for assessing the toxicity of drugs, food and other substances. Sacha inchi is known as an oil with high content of omega-3 and others polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objective of this study was to determine the antimutagenic effect of Plukenetia volubilis (Sacha inchi) oil in BALB/c mice. Study Design: Sacha inchi oil was obtained using standardized methods in order to determine its antimutagenic effect in BALB/c mice by using micronucleus test, according to the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru, from January to February 2017. Methodology: A total of 100 Balb/C albino mice (20 - 30 g) of male sex were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20). The groups were normal saline group (NS), cyclophosphamide group (CP; 40 mg/kg i.p.) and the three other groups received cyclophosphamide and Sacha inchi oil of concentrations 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg respectively. The substances were administered three times during 24 hours. The genotoxicity in mice was evaluated determining micronucleus levels in blood and bone marrow. Results: CP group showed higher micronucleus levels in blood and bone marrow compared with Sacha inchi oil 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg groups (ANOVA Test P < 0.001 Scheffe’s Post Hoc P < 0.001). Conclusion: In our findings, Sacha inchi oil was not mutagenic under experimental conditions.
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Resumen Antecedentes: la extracción en frío de aceite de sacha inchi presenta bajo rendimiento, lo que genera aproximadamente un 60 % de torta residual, un contenido variado de grasa y un valor elevado de proteína. Objetivo: evaluar formulaciones de colada elaborados con harina de sacha inchi producida a partir de la torta residual de la extracción del aceite (HTSI). Materiales y métodos: se obtuvo HTSI mediante el acondicionamiento de la torta, molienda y tamizado, luego se incorporó en una formulación de colada sustituyendo el almidón de maíz al 0 %, 25 % y 50 %. Las formulaciones fueron evaluadas fisicoquímica, microbiológica, reológica y sensorialmente con panelistas mayores de 45 años. Resultados: según la Resolución 333 de 2011, la HTSI es buena fuente de proteína, calcio y ácidos grasos omega 3. Las formulaciones de colada presentaron buena calidad microbiológica y fueron aceptadas sensorialmente. La formulación F1 con sustitución del 50 % de almidón de maíz por HTSI fue un líquido que aportó 2,3 % menos energía, 16,3 % menos carbohidratos, 1,4 % más grasa y 90,7 % más proteína que una porción del producto tradicional. Conclusiones: la HTSI puede ser empleada en matrices alimentarias, y aporta proteína de alta digestibilidad a la dieta.
Abstract Background: Cold extraction of sacha inchi oil presents low yield, generating approximately 60% solid residual remnants, which contain a variety of fats and high levels of protein. Objective: Evaluate porridge formulations made with the solid remnants left from the oil extraction of sacha inchi flour (HTSI). Materials and Methods: HTSI was obtained using the solids as dough, then conditioning, grinding, and sieving. The resultant product was then incorporated into a porridge formulation by substitution with corn flour at 0%, 25% and 50%. The formulations were evaluated using physical chemistry, microbiology, and rheology, and additionally were evaluated sensorially in panel with adults aged 45+ years. Results: HTSI is suitable for human consumption, and is a good source of protein, calcium and omega 3 fatty acids. The porridge formulations presented microbiological quality levels and were sensorially accepted by panel participants. Formulation with 50% substitution of cornstarch by HTSI is a liquid, and provides 2.3% less energy, 16.3% less carbohydrates, 1.4% more fat and 90.7% more protein than a portion of the traditional product. Conclusions: HTSI can be used in dietary plans to provide a high quality protein.
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Objective To determine hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value, stability of formulate emulsion and properties of sacha inchi oil. Methods The physiochemical characteristics of sacha inchi oil were first investigated. Free radical scavenging property was studied by DPPH assay. HLB value of sacha inchi oil was experimentally determined by preparing the emulsion using emulsifiers at different HLB value. Sacha inchi oil emulsion was prepared using the obtained HLB and its stability was conducted by centrifugation, temperature cycling, and accelerated stability test. The efficiency of the prepared emulsion was clinically investigated by 15 volunteers. The primary skin irritation was performed using closed patch test. Subjective sensory assessment was evaluated by using 5-point hedonic scale method. Results Peroxide value of sacha inchi oil was 18.40 meq O
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Objective:To determine hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value,stability of formulate emulsion and properties of sacha inchi oil.Methods:The physiochemical characteristics of sacha inchi oil were first investigated.Free radical scavenging property was studied by DPPH assay.HLB value of sacha inchi oil was experimentally determined by preparing the emulsion using emulsifiers at different HLB value.Sacha inchi oil emulsion was prepared using the obtained HLB and its stability was conducted by centrifugation,temperature cycling,and accelerated stability test.The efficiency of the prepared emulsion was clinically investigated by 15 volunteers.The primary skin irritation was performed using closed patch test.Subjective sensory assessment was evaluated by using 5-point hedonic scale method.Results:Peroxide value of sacha inchi oil was 18.40 meq O2/kg oil and acid value was 1.86 KOH/g oil.The major fatty acids are omega-3 (44％),omega-6 (35％) and omega-9 (9％).The vitamin E content was 226 mg/100 g oil.Moreover,sacha inchi oil (167 ppm)and its emulsion showed 85％ and 89％ DPPH inhibition,respectively.The experimental HLB value of sacha inchi oil was 8.5.The sacha inchi oil emulsion exhibited good stability after stability test.The emulsion was classified as non-irritant after tested by primary skin irritation method.The skin hydration value significantly increased from 38.59 to 45.21 (P ＜ 0.05) after applying sacha inchi oil emulsion for 1 month and the overall product satisfaction of volunteers after use was with score of 4.2.Conclusions:This work provides information on HLB value and emulsion properties of sacha inchi oil which is useful for cosmetic and pharmaceutical application.
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El objetivo de esta investigación fue microencapsular aceite de sacha inchi mediante secado por aspersión, con el fin de evitar las reacciones oxidativas de degradación, dado su alto contenido de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados, los cuales presentan grandes beneficios para la salud. Empleando maltodextrina y goma arábiga en una proporción ( 1:1 ), se evaluó la temperatura de entrada y la carga de aceite, siendo 150 °C y 33% las mejores condiciones de trabajo durante el proceso de secado. Se obtuvo un rendimiento y eficiencia de microencapsulación de 82,10 ± 0,99% y 93,90 ± 0,56%, respectivamente. Cabe mencionar que esta investigación es la primera en emplear la técnica de secado por aspersión, y como agentes formadores de la pared polimérica la mezcla de maltodextrina y goma arábiga en la microencapsulación de aceite de sacha inchi. Mediante análisis fisicoquímico, se evaluó la humedad del aceite de sacha inchi microencapsulado, manteniendo un contenido de humedad a las 26 semanas de 4,60 ± 0,02%. Al utilizar cromatografía de gases se encontró que no existe variación en cuanto al perfil de ácidos grasos antes y después de la microencapsulación, y mediante espectroscopía infrarroja se demostró que el aceite de sacha inchi se encuentra en el interior de las microcápsulas. La microscopía electrónica de barrido permitió observar que las microcápsulas presentan forma esférica con una superficie lisa y libre de poros, lo que evita la exposición directa del aceite a las diferentes condiciones ambientales.
The objective of this research was microencapsulated sacha inchi oil by spray drying, in order to prevent oxidative degradation reactions, given its high content of mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which present great health benefits. Employing a maltodextrin-gum arabic system in the same ratio (1:1), the inlet temperature and the oil charge was evaluated, being 150 °C and 33% the best conditions during the drying process, obtaining a performance and efficiency microencapsulation of 82.10 ± 0.99% and 93.90 ± 0.56%, respectively. It should be mentioned that this research is the first one to use the spray drying technique and maltodextrin and arabic gum as polymeric wall formers agents for the sacha inchi oil microen-capsulation. By physicochemical analysis, the microencapsulated sacha inchi oil moisture was evaluated, keeping a moisture content at 26 weeks of 4.60 ± 0.02%, applying gas chromatography, it was found that there is no variation in the fatty acid profile before and after microencapsulation. Through infrared spectroscopy it was shown that sacha inchi oil is inserted into the core of the microcapsules. The electron microscopy scanning allowed to observe that the microcapsules have a spherical shape with a smooth surface and free of pores which prevent direct contact of the oil with different ambient conditions.
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Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) es una planta oleaginosa trepadora que crece en países como Perú, Bolivia y Colombia. Es una excelente fuente de ácidos grasos insaturados, fundamentalmente alfa linolénico (C18:3) y linoleico (C18:2), que representan aproximadamente 82% del contenido total del aceite. Sacha Inchi ha sido parte de la dieta de indígenas desde la antigüedad y es visto en la actualidad como un cultivo prometedor. Por su composición en ácidos grasos esenciales y su alto contenido en tocoferoles y antioxidantes, la recomendación de su consumo en la dieta habitual puede ser una estrategia encaminada a la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares en poblaciones de América Latina, en las que el consumo de aceite de oliva, reconocido por sus propiedades cardioprotectoras, es bajo. Este artículo tiene por objetivo hacer una revisión de la literatura publicada en relación con la inocuidad, aceptabilidad e impacto sobre la salud, del aceite de Sacha Inchi.
Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is an oleaginous climbing plant thatgrows in countries like Peru, Bolivia and Colombia. It is an excellent source of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly alpha lino-lenic (C18:3) and linoleic (C18:2), which represent approximately 82% of total oil content. Sacha Inchi has been part of the diet of native people of the region since ancient times and is seen as a promising crop today Due to its composition of essential fatty acids and its high content of antioxidants and tocopherols, the re-commendation of its consumption in the diet can be a strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in populations of Latin America, as olive oil consumption known for its cardioprotective properties, is typically low in these populations. The aim of this article is to review the published literature regarding the safety, acceptability and health impact of Sacha Inchi oil.
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Humans , Plants, Edible , Cardiovascular Diseases , Whole Foods , Fatty Acids , Antioxidants , Eating , Nutritional StatusABSTRACT
Sacha inchi, es una euphorbiaceae conocida como maní del Inca. Se encuentra distribuida en el Perú, en San Martín, Huánuco, Amazonas, Madre de Dios y Loreto. Objetivo: determinar la actividad de los compuestos fenólicos de las semillas de sacha inchi y su rol en el color, conservación, sabor de los alimentos y bebidas. Material y Métodos: el presente estudio se realizó con semillas de sacha inchi colectadas en Tarapoto por el Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Extensión Agraria (INIA). En el Centro de Bioquímica y Nutrición de la Facultad de Medicina Humana de la USMP. La determinación de polifenoles totales según Aparicio et al. (1999), taninos totales descrito por Price y Butler (1977) y actividad antioxidante mediante el método ORAC descrito por Prior y Cao (2000). Además de la capacidad inhibición de peróxido de hidrógeno según Wettasinghe y Shahidi (1999).y su poder reductor según Srivastava et al. (2006). Se trabajó con el aceite y la torta, obteniándose de cada muestra extractos hidrofílicos y lipofílicos. Resultados: se encontró mayor contenido de polifenoles totales, taninos totales, mayor poder reductor, mayor capacidad de inhibir peróxido de hidrógeno y mayor capacidad antioxidante en el extracto hidrofílico de la torta. Conclusiones: el extracto hidrofílico de la torta de sacha inchi mostró mayor contenido de polifenoles totales y taninos con acción antioxidante.
Sacha inchi is a euphorbiaceae known as the Inca peanut that is found in Peru in San Martin, Hu nuco, Amazonas, Loreto and Madre de Dios. Objective: to determine the activity of the phenolic compounds of sacha inchi seeds and its role in the color, durability, taste of food and drink. Material and Methods: this study was performed with sacha inchi seeds collected in Tarapoto by the National Institute of Agricultural Research and Extension (INIA) in the Center of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Medicine USMP. The determination of total polyphenols was performed according to Aparicio et al. (1999), total tannins as described by Price and Butler (1977) and antioxidant activity by the ORAC method described by Prior and Cao (2000). Also, the ability to inhibit hydrogen peroxide according Wettasinghe and Shahidi (1999) and their reducing power by Srivastava et al. (2006). We worked with the oil and cake obtained of each sample obtaining hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts. Results: we found higher total polyphenol content, total tannins, higher reducing power, greater ability to inhibit hydrogen peroxide and increased antioxidant capacity in the hydrophilic extract of cake. Conclusions: cake hydrophilic extract of sacha inchi showed higher content of total polyphenols and tannins with antioxidant action.
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Antioxidants , Plants, Medicinal , Polyphenols , TanninsABSTRACT
Omega and unusual fatty acids were evaluated from ethanol extracts of roots and leaves ofPlukenetia volúbilis L. were evaluated. Seed oil was obtained by soxhlet and bioreactor; the fatty acids were determined and characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). Also, antioxidant activity was evaluated using ABTS/HRP enzymatic. Fatty acid in seed oil was beyond 80%. Meanwhile, the main unusually fatty acids in leaves and roots are ciclopropenic acids. The phytocompounds, omega and functional fatty acids could be responsible for the lipophilic antioxidant activity in leaves.
A partir de extractos etanólicos de hojas y raíces de Plukenetia volúbilis L, se evaluó la presencia de ácidos grasos omega (FAc) y funcionales. El aceite de las semillas de la planta, extraído por Soxhlet y a través de un biorreactor, fue caracterizado físicamente, se le determinó el perfil lipídico mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM) y, se evaluó el potencial antioxidante (ABTS-HRP). El análisis dejó ver que el aceite del vegetal contiene ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en una proporción mayor al 80%. Los extractos de hojas y raíces mostraron principalmente ácidos de tipo ciclo-propénico. Tanto los fitocompuestos como los ácidos grasos omega y funcionales parecen estar asociados con la actividad antioxidante de las hojas.