System analysis on adverse drug reaction of Chinese patent medicine containing Polygoni Multiflori Radix / 中草药

All the Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) containing raw and processed products of Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Drug Standard of Ministry of Public Health of the Peoples Republic of China were inquired and adverse drug reactions of the CPMs were searched in CNKI. And then a systematic analysis about adverse drug reactions accroding to processing, compatibility, and indication was conducted by statistical approach. The CPMs with adverse drug reactions were composed of 13 preparations containing raw products of PMR and 37 processed products containing processed products of PMR. The common adverse drug reactions of preparations containing raw products of PMR were gastrointestinal reaction, dry mouth, liver damage, allergic reactions, and palpitations, and these reactions mostly happened when these preparations were used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. The common adverse drug reactions of preparations containing processed products of PMR were liver damage, gastrointestinal reaction, and allergic reactions, and these reactions mostly happened when these preparations were used in the treatment of white hair, hair loss, alopecia areata, weakness, anemia, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. There was a certain negative correlation between number of herbs and incidence of adverse reaction. To sum up, incidence of adverse reactions of CPMs containing raw and processed products of PMR is high, but still lacks a clear evidence of the association between adverse reaction of preparations and the toxicity of PMR. A systematic research on the safety of CPM included PMR is needed.

Medication Safety Analysis of Cephalosporin in Our Hospital / 中国药师

Objective:To understand the medication safety events about cephalosporin in our hospital in order to provide evidence for the better medication safety of cephalosporin. Methods:Adverse drug reaction ( ADR) reports, medication error ( ME) reports and drug quality problem records about cephalosporin in our hospital were collected and the critical indicators in the reports were analyzed. Re-sults:The ADR reports selected in our hospital were mainly reported by pharmacists. More males were involved in the related patients, and young adults were in the majority. Second and third-generation cephalosporin were the major drugs used in the reports. The damages in skin and its appendages were the major damages in organs. The ME reports selected in our hospital were totally reported by pharma-cists. Errors in frequency and dose of drug administration were the most common, and the main causes were lack of knowledge and train-ing. No serious quality problem in cephalosporin was found in our hospital, and the inner and outer packaging in damaged conditions was the most common problems in our records. Conclusion:Cephalosporin as one widely used antibacterial agent is considered safe and effec-tive. Because of its large amount of application, cephalosporin should be paid more attention by health care professionals. MEs should be avoided as far as possible. ADRs should be treated timely and properly in order to decrease medical disputes. More attention should be paid to ensure security of drug use for patients.

Medication Utilization during Pregnancy and Development of Educational Materials for Safe Use of Medication

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the safe medication utilization and the education demands during pregnancy and it further reported the development of educational materials for pregnant women. METHODS: A survey was conducted in two tertiary care university hospitals and one community hospital specialized in obstetrics and gynecology from July 2 to 29 2014. The survey questionnaires included the usage of medications and the unmet needs on medication use during pregnancy. Ad ditionally, pregnant women's requests regarding to medication use were collected through group interviewing of community pharmacists. Based on these results, educational materials were de veloped and implemented. After implementing the education sessions, the satisfaction was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 152 pregnant women answered completely the questionnaire. Among them, 130 participants (42.8%) were given the medication information from their physicians. Exposure to a teratogenic drug during pregnancy was a major concern for most pregnant women (79.6%). The majority (90.1%) of subjects reported a necessity of medication-related education during their pregnancy. The interview with 48 pharmacists indicated that the most commonly used OTC drugs in pregnancy were vitamins (25.2%), iron supplements (23.7%), and the most frequently used prescription drugs were antiinflammatory-analgesics (25.3%), followed by antibiotics (20.9 %). Based on the results, booklets of drug therapy during pregnancy, leaflet of pregnancy category index were made. Also, on-line flash and presentation materials for instructors were prepared. Through the trial education with the developed materials, it was confirmed that the contents of education materials were well understood and satisfied by the pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the need of the medication-related education for the pregnant women. The developed education materials would be helpful sources to provide accurate and reliable medication-related information to health professionals and pregnant women.

Analysis of the Safety of Antibiotic Drug Use by Children Being Referred and Hospitalized under Medical Consortium Model / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for safe application of antibiotic drugs in single or inter-medical institution ser-vices. METHODS:An antibiotic drug safety evaluation index system was established by reference to literatures. Medical records tracing method was adopted to obtain the medical records of children with respiratory infectious diseases under the medical consor-tium model. The medical records were matched and evaluated by experts to analysis the safety of antibiotic drug use in single medi-cal institution and the connection between two medical institutions with respect to the safety of antibiotic drug use. RESULTS:248 effective medical records had been obtained. Under the medical consortium model,the rate of the combination of antibiotic drugs in large hospitals was 86.29%,higher than the community hospitals of 77.02%(χ2=5.49,P<0.05). The error rate of antibiotic drug use by children in large hospitals was 14.52%,lower than the community hospitals of 25.81%(χ2=9.733,P<0.05). There were many contradictions in antibiotic drug use between the medical institution where children received treatment initially and the medi-cal institution which the children were referred to and hospitalized in. There were totally 128 cases of unsafe antibiotic drug use, with the overall incidence of 51.61%. CONCLUSIONS:Under the medical consortium model,the safety of antibiotic drug use by the hospitalized children in single medical institution is worrying,and the connection between two medical institutions with respect to the safety of antibiotic drug use by children who are referred and hospitalized is less reliable.

Ambiguity and Countermeasures in the Drug Instruction Manual / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical use and revision of drug instruction manual. METHODS:The ambi-guity in drug instructions manual was summarized and countermeasures of revision were presented based on the practical clinical conditions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The problems of drug instruction manual that may mislead the patients and medical per-sonnel were as follows as controversial main contents,unclear descriptions of instruction,unfocused contents or without key points,one instruction for multiple drugs,obvious or inaccurate translations,words without popularity and standardization and wrong sentence division or non-standard typesetting. It is suggested that the manufacturers should attach highly importance to the re-vision of drug instruction manual;the revisers should understand the meaning of drugs instruction manual and know the subjects;the premarketing instructions should be tested and investigated by necessary persons;the major and cultural quality of revisers should be improved;the approval monitoring should be strengthened and the feedback mechanism should be established to further improve the instructions,guide the medical staff and patients with accurate use of drugs and ensure the safe drug use of patients.

Standardize the Management of Medicine Cabinet to Promote Safe and Effective Drug Use / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To analyze problems occurred in the practical use of clinical medicine cabinet and raise countermeasures.METHODS:The application data of drugs in clinical medicine cabinet were analyzed with the help of Hospital Information System(HIS).RESULTS:Low application frequency and unclear medicine sign were the common problems occurred in the practice of clinical medicine cabinet management;furthermore,the storing condition remained to be improved.CONCLU-SION:Management of clinical medicine cabinet should be regulated and strengthened to promote safe and effective drug use in the clinic.