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Objective@#To investigate the pedestrian traffic safety behaviors of primary and secondary school students in Xiacheng District of Hangzhou,and to provide reference for formulating traffic safety strategy. @*Methods@# In October 2015,nine campuses of six schools in Xiacheng District were selected to observe the pedestrian traffic safety behaviors of the primary and secondary school students walking to and from school,such as taking the zebra crossing,observing the traffic condition,running and playing with cellphones when walking across the road.@*Results@#Totally 2 585 students were investigated,and 2 580 students were valid（99.81%）. When walking across the road,1 887 people took the zebra crossing,accounting for 73.14%;71.89% of boys and 74.51% of girls took the zebra crossing,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）;64.76% and 81.32% of the students took the zebra crossing on the way to school and home,with a significant difference（P<0.05）. When walking across the road,1 683 students people observed the traffic conditions,accounting for 65.23%;63.61% of boys and 67.02% of girls observed the traffic conditions,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）;64.05% and 66.39% of the students observed the traffic conditions on the way to school and home,with a significant difference（P<0.05）.There were 362 students running across the road, accounting for 14.03%;15.31% of boys and 12.62% of girls ran across the road,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）;9.26% and 18.68% of the students ran across the road on the way to school and home,with a significant difference（P<0.05）. There were 53 students playing with cellphones when crossing the road,accounting for 2.05%;2.29% of boys and 1.79% of girls played with cellphones,and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）;1.41% and 2.68% of the students played with cellphones on the way to school and home,with a significant difference（P<0.05）. @*Conclusions @#Primary and secondary school students have dangerous behaviors when walking across the road. We should focus on the intervention of not taking the zebra crossing and not observing traffic conditions when crossing the road on the way to school,and playing with cellphones on the way home.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The activity of occupational health and safety professionals is in a paradoxical situation considering, among other aspects, the productivity context, which gives low priority to safety and health, the limitation imposed by the hegemonic conceptual references in the field, the limitation of these professionals' power to act and the highly conflicting and complex character of the occupational world. Objective: In essay form, the article, in dialog with the literature of the field, proposes to reflect on the impasses and challenges of the prevention field. Method: The reflections are based on the experience of the authors both in the practical area as also in research, teaching and extension activities in the field of health surveillance and workers' safety. Results: Even though this field of activity has been recognized as a specialized and legal area for more than 40 years in the country, the magnitude of the data concerning occupational and industrial accidents reveals the limitations and difficulties that these professionals face, and justifies the importance of the analysis of current practices in order to understand the contradictions that lie at the root of the difficulties to achieve prevention. Conclusion: Citizens could pressure corporations to improve their safety practices and concepts. State can also be pressured to create new safety policies.
Introdução: A atividade dos profissionais que atuam no campo da prevenção em saúde e segurança do trabalhador encontra-se diante de situação paradoxal tendo em vista, entre outros aspectos, o contexto produtivista que deixa em segundo plano a segurança e a saúde, a limitação das referências conceituais hegemônicas no campo, as limitações do poder de agir destes profissionais e a própria natureza conflituosa e complexa do mundo do trabalho. Objetivo: Na forma de ensaio, o artigo, em diálogo com a literatura do campo, se propõe a refletir sobre os impasses e desafios da atividade de prevenção. Método: As reflexões se baseiam na experiência dos autores seja no campo prático como em atividades de pesquisa, ensino e extensão na área de vigilância em saúde e segurança do trabalhador. Resultados: Embora a atividade de prevenção tenha sido reconhecida como campo de atuação legal e especializada há mais de 40 anos no país, a magnitude dos dados relativos aos acidentes ocupacionais e industriais mostra limites e dificuldades que esses profissionais enfrentam e justifica a importância da análise das práticas correntes em busca de entender as contradições que estão na origem das dificuldades para o alcance do objeto da prevenção. Conclusão: A sociedade pode cobrar das organizações trabalho seguro e saudável, criando pressão para que mudem suas práticas e conceitos, ou pode pressionar também o Estado para que sejam criadas políticas públicas em relação à segurança.
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BACKGROUND: To elucidate the relationship between safety culture maturity and safety performance of a particular company. METHODS: To identify the factors that contribute to a safety culture, a survey questionnaire was created based mainly on the studies of Fernandez-Muniz et al. The survey was randomly distributed to 1000 employees of two oil companies and realized a rate of valid answer of 51%. Minitab 16 software was used and diverse tests, including the descriptive statistical analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, mean analysis, and correlation, were used for the analysis of data. Ten factors were extracted using the analysis of factor to represent safety culture and safety performance. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the managers' commitment, training, incentives, communication, and employee involvement are the priority domains on which it is necessary to stress the effort of improvement, where they had all the descriptive average values lower than 3.0 at the level of Company B. Furthermore, the results also showed that the safety culture influences the safety performance of the company. Therefore, Company A with a good safety culture (the descriptive average values more than 4.0), is more successful than Company B in terms of accident rates. CONCLUSION: The comparison between the two petrochemical plants of the group Sonatrach confirms these results in which Company A, the managers of which are English and Norwegian, distinguishes itself by the maturity of their safety culture has significantly higher evaluations than the company B, who is constituted of Algerian staff, in terms of safety management practices and safety performance.
Subject(s)
Motivation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Safety ManagementABSTRACT
The objectives of this study were to explore self-reported seat belt use and group differences in different scenarios in a Brazilian sample and research the variables related to it. 120 college students answered a questionnaire with variables from the theory of planned behavior in order to evaluate the intention of seat belt use among car occupants. Results indicated that attitude and intention were the variables that most contributed to explaining seat belt use. Intention was highly correlated with seat belt use, and attitude was correlated with intention. Seat belt use was more frequent among drivers and taxi passengers, but not among front and rear seat passengers. The article discusses the implications of the findings for possible interventions to encourage the use of seat belts among drivers and passengers.
Los objetivos de este estudio fueron explorar el uso del cinturón de seguridad y su diferencia entre varios escenarios (e. g. conductor, pasajero de taxi, etc.), e investigar las variables relacionadas con dicho uso. Para tal fin, 120 estudiantes universitarios, procedentes de Brasil, respondieron un cuestionario que evaluó las variables propuestas por la teoría del comportamiento planeado sobre la intención de uso del cinturón. Los resultados indicaron que las variables actitud e intención contribuyeron en gran medida a la explicación del uso del cinturón de seguridad. La intención estuvo altamente correlacionada con el uso del cinturón de seguridad, y la actitud con la intención. El uso del cinturón de seguridad fue más frecuente en conductores y pasajeros de taxi, que en pasajeros en la silla delantera y trasera. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados en intervenciones orientadas a fomentar su uso entre conductores y pasajeros.
Os objetivos deste estudo foram explorar o uso do cinto de segurança e sua diferença entre vários cenários (por exemplo motorista, passageiro de táxi, etc.), e pesquisar as variáveis relacionadas com o uso. Para tal fim, 120 estudantes universitários, procedentes do Brasil, responderam a um questionário que avaliou as variáveis propostas pela teoria do comportamento planejado sobre a intenção de uso do cinto. Os resultados indicaram que as variáveis atitude e intenção contribuíram em grande medida para a explicação do uso do cinto de segurança. A intenção esteve altamente correlacionada com o uso do cinto de segurança e com a atitude com a intenção. O uso do cinto de segurança foi mais frequente em motoristas e passageiros de táxi que em passageiros do banco da frente e traseiro. Discutem-se as implicações dos resultados em intervenções orientadas a fomentar seu uso entre motoristas e passageiros.
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O Transtorno de Ansiedade Social (TAS) caracteriza-se por um medo persistente de situações sociais. Objetiva-se identificar na literatura indexada, estudos relativos à qualidade técnica de instrumentos psicométricos e experimentais sobre a avaliação dos pensamentos negativos e comportamentos de segurança associados ao TAS. Foram identificados 22 artigos, agrupados em dois conjuntos, considerando os procedimentos utilizados. No primeiro conjunto os estudos investigaram as qualidades psicométricas de instrumentos que avaliam cognições e TAS, sendo que destes, quatro abordaram versões já aferidas previamente e dois avaliaram instrumentos propostos especificamente para mensurar comportamento de segurança e pensamentos negativos. Os estudos do segundo conjunto investigaram, por meio de simulações de situações de desempenho verbal, aspectos cognitivos associados à ansiedade, destacando as variáveis auto-imagem negativa, pensamentos negativos e comportamentos de segurança associados ao aumento da ansiedade social. A análise dos estudos aponta que a identificação de comportamentos evitativos pode ser útil para a implementação de intervenções.
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by and intense and constant fear of social situations. The goal of this work is to identify, in indexed publications, psychometric and empirical studies on the evaluation of negative thoughts and safety behaviors associated with SAD. Twenty-two articles were located and grouped into two sets considering the type of procedure used. In the first set, studies investigated the psychometric properties of instruments that evaluate cognition and SAD, out of which four studies addressed instruments that had been previously evaluated, and two others evaluated instruments specifically proposed for measuring safety behavior and negative thoughts. The studies in the second set used simulations of verbal performance situations to investigate the cognitive aspects associated with anxiety. These studies confirmed the association of negative self-image, negative thoughts, and safety behaviors with social anxiety. The analysis of the studies reveals that identifying avoidance behaviors can be useful for implementing intervention procedures.