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@#Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the common global health burdens. Measurement of blood glucose level is invasive and can cause many complications. Salivary glucose has been suggested as a suitable alternative for blood in recent years. The aim of this study was to establish the correlation between blood glucose level and salivary glucose level of type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at a diabetic clinic in a teaching hospital in Sri Lanka. Blood samples were collected to analyze fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected to measure salivary glucose level and salivary flow rate. Pearson’s correlation was applied to determine the association between salivary glucose, blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Results: A total of 120 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 31 healthy controls were participated. Salivary glucose level was significantly higher in DM patients than healthy individuals. Fasting blood glucose level was significantly correlated with salivary glucose levels among DM patients (r = 0.201, p = 0.027). A significant relationship was also observed between HbA1c and salivary glucose levels among DM patients (r = 0.288, p = 0.031). Conclusion: Measuring salivary glucose levels may have potential to be used as an alternative non-invasive procedure to screen, diagnose and monitor the glycemic conditions of the DM patients.
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Saliva is a biological fluid with multifactorial functional applications with regards to themaintenance of general health. Collection of saliva is non-invasive, easy and cost-effective. Xerostomia, a subjective sensation of dry mouth is one of the most common complaints in elderly and patients on polypharmacy as it is proven as a risk factor. Polypharmacy is the simultaneous use of multiple drugs by a patient for more than one systemic disease. Theaim of the study was to assess the salivary changes in patients on polypharmacy. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 20 individuals who reported to the Department of Special Care Dentistry at Saveetha Dental College between November to December 2019.The collected samples were then processed for analysis of three salivary parameters-Salivary glucose, amylase and pH. The data were recorded and statistically analyzed. Out of the 20 samples,12 male (60%) and 8 female(40%) with mean age group as 41.2 years. Independent t test showed statistically significant (p<0.05) values for salivary parameters in patients on polypharmacy medication. This study has shown a significant increase in salivary parameters and further studies relating the salivary changes, systemic disease and the medication involved salivary analysis can be suggested as one of the investigations in patients on polypharmacy.
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Background: The aim of this study was to determine as well as to compare the salivary glucose levels in the diabetic and non-diabetic population and correlate the values with their fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (glycated Haemoglobin) levels. Many researchers have proposed the possibility of using salivary glucose estimation for screening and monitoring of effect in general population and in resource poor settings. But studies on this subject in Indian population are limited.Methods: The current study was an analytical cross sectional study of a group of 100 diabetic patients and 100 healthy controls, conducted in the Department of General Medicine, SRM medical college hospital. The mean difference in the salivary glucose between diabetic and non-diabetic population was compared using unpaired t-test.Results: There was a strong positive association between FBS (fasting blood sugar) and salivary glucose in the overall population. There was a strong positive correlation between FBS and Salivary glucose in FBS <200. There was a moderate positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value between 200 to 300 mg/dl. There was a weak positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value >300 mg/dl, which was statistically not significant. There was a strong positive correlation between HbA1c and salivary glucose in the overall population.Conclusions: There appears to be a strong positive association between fasting blood sugar and salivary glucose value in both study groups. But the correlation seems to be relatively weak in fasting blood sugar range above 300 mg/dl. Considering this positive association, further studies are needed to explore the possibility of utilizing salivary glucose for monitoring glycemic control.
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Background: Over the recent year there has been a startling rise in the number of people suffering from diabetes mellitus. Estimation of blood glucose levels has been an essential laboratory investigation for screening and monitoring of diabetes. Saliva is one of the secretions in human body whose collection is easy and non-invasive. Salivary glucose hence could serve as an easy and non-invasive tool.Methods: Institutional review committee of NHRC gave us permission to carry out this study. 105 subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended the OPD at Star hospital, Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal and 106 healthy individuals were consented to participate in this study. Glucose was measured by the GOD-POD (Glucose oxidase peroxidase) methods using the semi-autoanalyser and salivary glucose was compared with corresponding blood glucose levels.Results: A significant positive correlation of fasting salivary glucose level and fasting blood glucose level was observed in healthy (r=0.241, p=0.001) and in diabetic patients (r=0.202, p=0.001).Conclusions: The study implies a potential for saliva in monitoring and screening of diabetes mellitus.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a complex multisystem metabolic disorder characterized by a deficit in the production of insulin. The oral complications of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus are devastating. Saliva is an organic fluid that can be collected noninvasively and by individuals with limited training. These reasons create an interest in evaluating the possibility of using saliva as a diagnostic tool. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine, if saliva can be used as a noninvasive tool to monitor glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes. Comparative assessment of salivary (glucose, amylase, total protein levels) in patients with Type 2 diabetes and controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 individuals, 20 with Type 2 diabetes and 20 controls of age group 40–60 years were selected for the study. Diabetic status was assessed by estimating random blood glucose levels. Unstimulated saliva was collected from each participant and investigated for glucose, amylase, and total protein levels. Salivary glucose estimation was performed using glucose‑oxidase method, amylase by the direct substrate kinetic enzymatic method, and total protein by pyrogallol red dye end point method. All the parameters were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Significantly higher salivary glucose, lower amylase, and total proteins were observed in patients with Type 2 diabetes than controls. There was no significant correlation between salivary and blood glucose levels. Conclusion: These results suggest that diabetes influences the composition of saliva. Since a significant correlation was not observed between salivary and blood glucose levels, further research is needed to determine salivary glucose estimation as a diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate and correlate salivary glucose levels and plasma glucose levels in non-diabetic subjects, controlled and uncontrolled diabetic subjects and to assess if salivary glucose can be a potentially useful non-invasive tool in diagnosing diabetes mellitus and in monitoring of glycemic control in diabetic patients. Materials and methods: A total of 90 subjects aged between 40-60 years participated in the study. Diabetic status was determined by estimation of random non-fasting plasma glucose levels and Glycosylated haemoglobin levels. Both unstimulated and stimulated saliva were collected and investigated for glucose levels. Salivary glucose levels were measured using the glucose oxidase method. Results: Salivary glucose levels were significantly higher in diabetics than non-diabetics. Mean un-stimulated salivary glucose level was 1.15 mg/dL in control group, 2.04 mg/dL in controlled diabetic group and 3.99 mg/dL in un-controlled diabetic group. There was a significant positive correlation between salivary and plasma glucose levels. Conclusion: These results show that salivary glucose concentration can be used as a potentially useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing diabetes mellitus and monitoring glycemic control in diabetic patients.
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Objective:To study the effect of insulin therapy on glucose concentration in saliva in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM), and to study the relationship between blood glucose level and salivary glucose level.Methods: Glucose concentration in blood and in unstimulated mixed saliva was measured with Beckman SYNCHRON CX7 system in 40 DM patients before and after insulin therapy.Results:The average value(mmol/L) of salivary glucose concentration before and after insulin therapy was 2.081?0.287 and 1.571? 0.193 respectively (P
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Objective: To analyse the level of glucose concentration in saliva and to study the relationship between the level of blood glucose and that of salivary glucose.Methods: Blood glucose level and the glucose concentration in unstimulated mixed saliva taken from testee were measured with Beckman SYNCHRON CX7 System in 60 patients with diabetes mellitus and 60 healthy subjects. Results: The average value of salivary glucose concentration in experimental group was (1.950?0.179) mmol/L, that in control group was (0.953?0.124) mmol/L(P