ABSTRACT
Aim: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella serovars from poultry and poultry farm-handlers. Study Design: Investigative Place and Duration of Study: Samples were analyzed at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute Vom and Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. This work was carried out between August 2012 and April 2013. Methodology: Samples were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water followed by selective enrichment using Selenite Faeces Broth and Rappaport-Vassilidis Broth. Isolation and identification was made by inoculating the selectively enriched sample on to Salmonella-Shigella agar, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar and Brilliant Green agar followed by confirmation of presumptive colonies using different biochemical tests and analytical profile index 20 E. Polyvalent (O) and (H) Salmonella antisera were used for serotyping the Salmonella isolates. The CLSI, 2010 method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing Results: A prevalence rate of 10.9% was observed from the 450 samples. Serovars of Salmonella detected were S. Gallinarum 57.2%, S. Typhimurium 8.2%, S. Typhi 20.4%, S. Pullorum 6.1%, S. Enteritidis 6.1% and S. Paratyphi A 2.0%. Statistically, significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between isolates and occurrence at different sample sites. The isolates were 100% resistant to oxacillin, 96.0% to ampicillin, 93.9% tylosin, 83.7 5 ceftazidime and 63.3% oxytetracycline. Five of the isolates were 100% resistant to more than five different antibiotics. There was statistical significant difference (p<0.01) in antimicrobial resistance patterns exhibited by the serovars. However, the isolates showed sensitivity to gentamycin 100%, gendox 83.7%, ciprofloxacin 81.6% and amoxicillinclavulanic acid 57.1%. Conclusion: The study revealed emergence of multiple-drug resistant Salmonella serovars from poultry and poultry farm handlers. We therefore suggest further epidemiological studies.
ABSTRACT
Para analisar cepas de Salmonella ser. Typhimurium isoladas de processos entéricos e extraintestinais humanos ocorridos no período de 1970 a 2008 de diferentes regiões do país foram selecionadas, com base nos registros contidos no banco de dados do Laboratório de Enterobactérias do IOC/FIOCRUZ, RJ, amostras do fagotipo prevalente 193, visando precipuamente o reconhecimento de clones epidêmicos. Foram selecionadas 553 cepas de Salmonella ser. Typhimurium fagotipo 193 representadas por 91, 65, 70 e 327 amostras referentes as décadas de 70, 80, 90 e ao período de 2000 a 2008, respectivamente. Na análise global da sensibilidade destas cepas, 52% apresentaram um ou mais marcadores de resistência a antibióticos incluídos no perfil ACSSuT. Este perfil de resistência completo foi verificado em 20,9% dos isolados, sendo os 21,9% restantes, sensíveis a todas as drogas testadas, especialmente no período de 2000 a 2008, representadas por 121 amostras (37,0%) em relação as 327 culturas dessa época. O maior percentual de resistência foi observado nas amostras da década de 70 (99%) sendo o perfil ACSSuT detectado em 35,2% dos isolados, ressaltando-se que todas as amostras foram isoladas de processos gastroentéricos ocorridos na cidade de São Paulo. Ao longo das quatro décadas de estudo, descreve-se um ponto de ruptura entre a prevalência de resistência e a suscetibilidade na transição entre as décadas de 80 e 90. Embora o número de isolados de Salmonalla ser. Typhimurium fagotipo 193 tenha aumentado no último período considerado, o percentual de mono e multirresistência aos antimicrobianos se situou em nível elevado (63,0%). A análise do polimorfismo obtido após macrorrestrição com a enzima Xbal revelou que cepas isoladas na década de 90 apresentaram elevado percentual de similaridade (>-85%) com cepas isoladas recentemente (período de 2000-2008), sendo agrupadas nos mesmos "subclusters". Por outro lado, as cepas da década de 70 inserem-se em "subclusters" independentes...
To analyze strains of Salmonella ser. Typhimurium isolated from human cases of enteric and extraintestinal occurred during the period 1970 to 2008 of different regions of Brazil were selected, based on records in the database from Enterobacteria Laboratory of IOC/FIOCRUZ, RJ, samples prevalent phage type 193 in order to recognition of epidemic clones. We selected 553 strains of Salmonella ser. Typhimurium phage type 193 represented by 91, 65, 70 and 327 samples concerning the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and the period from 2000 to 2008, respectively. In a global analysis of the sensitivity of these strains, 52% had one or more antibiotic resistance markers included in the profile ACSSuT. This resistance profile was found complete in 20.9% of isolates and the remaining 21.9%, sensitive to all drugs tested, especially in the period 2000 to 2008, represented by 121 samples (37.0%) compared the 327 cultures of that time. The highest percentage of resistance was observed in the samples of the 70 (99%) being the profile ACSSuT detected in 35.2% of isolates, emphasizing that all strains were isolated from gastrointestinal processes occurring in São Paulo city. Over the four decades of study, we describe a breaking point between the prevalence of resistance and susceptibility in the transition between the 1980s and 1990s. Although the number of isolates of Salmonella ser. Typhimurium phage type 193 has increased in the last period, the percentage of mono-and-multidrug resistance to antimicrobial agents stood at high level (63.0%). The analysis of polymorphism obtained after macrorestriction with the enzyme Xbal showed that isolates in the 1990s showed a high percentage of similarity (>-85%) with strains isolated recently (2000-2008) and are grouped in the same subclusters. Moreover, the strains of the 1970s fall into subclusters independent, although the percentage of similarity between such subsclusters and the other is >- 70%, the same was observed for the strains...
Subject(s)
Humans , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/methods , Salmonella Phages/isolation & purification , Salmonella Infections/microbiology , Salmonella Infections/drug therapy , Salmonella typhimurium , Salmonella typhimurium/genetics , Salmonella typhimurium/isolation & purification , R Factors/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
Salmonella is a communicable enteric pathogen commonly found in foodborne diseases. We showed the prevalence of S. enterica serovars from domestic residents and overseas travelers. In 2004-2005 years, Weltevreden, Anatum, and Tallahassee were predominant Salmonella serovars from overseas travelers, but Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Typhi were major Salmonella serovars from domestic residents. In order to analyze the trends of prevalence and distribution of the serovars, Salmonella surveillance with an international study is essential for the disease control and prevention.