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Liquid-phase microextraction is a novel pretreatment technique for biological samples developed on the basis of liquid-phase extraction technology, which is simple, rapid, economical, and environmentally friendly, and has been widely used in the analysis of biological matrix samples such as blood, urine, and saliva. In this paper, we review the basic principles of the main modes of liquid-phase microextraction techniques, i.e., single-drop microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction, and the progress of their applications in biological sample pretreatment by reviewing the literature in the past five years, with a view to providing technical support and reference for sample pretreatment in the fields of in vivo drug analysis, pharmacokinetic studies and new drug development.
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Abstract Background Therapeutic properties of ibogaine in the treatment of addiction are attracting both clinicians and patients to its use. Since ibogaine is not an authorized medicine, the quality of these products is not always known, increasing the probability of adverse reactions. Objective This study collects different types of iboga-derived samples from treatment providers, vendors and online buyers to analyse their content. Methods Analysis of iboga products (n = 16) was performed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry methods (GC/MS). Products included Iboga root bark, Total Alkaloids (TA), Purified Total Alkaloids (PTA HCl), ibogaine hydrochloride (ibogaine HCl) and one Voacanga africana root bark. Results The content of ibogaine was highly variable, ranging from 0.6% to 11.2% for products sold as iboga root bark, from 8.2% to 32.9% for products sold as TA, 73.7% for one sample sold as PTA and from 61.5% to 73.4% for products sold as ibogaine HCl. One sample did not show any iboga alkaloids. Other alkaloids and unknown substances were found in almost all samples. Discussion The purity of iboga products is highly variable. These results should be taken into consideration by suppliers and users, especially regarding correct dosing to avoid overdose, as well as potential interactions with other substances.
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This paper analyzed the non-registered clinical research program of ethical review in a third-class hospital from 2008 to 2017, and found that the common problems of the program mainly focused on the imprecise standards of inclusion and exclusion, the lack of basis for determining sample size, the unreasonable setting of observation indicators, the insufficient research background, the lack of necessary basis for topic setting, and the lack of privacy and confidentiality provisions. The reasons were as follows: the lack of ethical awareness of researchers, inadequate ability to design clinical research programs, and insufficient attention to program formulation. It is suggested that clinical researchers should pay more attention to the formulation of the program, and properly handle the relationship between scientific research and ethics while consolidating the foundation of scientific research.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of health emergency drill for sudden poisoning incidents in Guangdong Province. METHODS: A double-blinded method was used to organize 22 teams in Guangdong Province to conduct a health emergency drill which contained preliminary and repeated drill. The preliminaries contained blind sample analysis,theoretical examination and skills assessment. The repeated drills was desktop network exercise carried out for the teams ranked top 10 in the preliminaries. RESULTS: In the preliminary round,the median( M) of total score among the 22 teams was 72. 5. Among them,blind sample analysis,theoretical examination and skills assessment were 71. 0,61. 4 and 76. 5,respectively. The total score of skill assessment was higher than that of theoretical assessment( P < 0. 05). The passing rate of 22 teams was 68. 2%(15/22),and the failure rate was 31. 8%(7/22). The failing teams all came from the nonPearl River Delta region. The total preliminary scores,passing rate,the total scores of blind sample analysis and skills assessment of the teams in Pearl River Delta Region were higher than that in the non-Pearl River Delta region( P < 0. 01).In the theoretical examination,the scores of detection and investigation were both higher than that of medical rescue( P <0. 05). For the skills assessment,the scores of decision-making,personal protection and poisoning detection were in the top three,the scores of the medical rescue and investigation were relatively low( P < 0. 05). In the repeated round,the M of desktop exercise was 55. 0,passing rate was 20. 0%,and the failure rate was 80. 0%. CONCLUSION: The health emergency response capacity for sudden poisoning incidents in Guangdong Province needs to be improved. The construction of emergency response capacity for emergency poisoning in the non-Pearl River Delta region should be strengthened,especially the training on strengthening theoretical and practical knowledge of poisoning medical treatment and poisoning investigation.
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A novel stability-indicating Reverse Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC-PDA) method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of Camptothecin (CPT) in bulk, formulation and in dissolution samples using Inertsil-C18 (250mm x 4.6mm, 5μm) column with mobile phase combination of 15mM Ammonium acetate and acetonitrile (60:40) at a flow rate of 1mL/min. Eluents were monitored at a wavelength of 254 nm with an injection volume of 20µL. CPT was completely degraded in oxidative and base hydrolysis conditions and around 37% in acidic conditions and no degradation of CPT was observed with thermal, thermal/humidity and photo conditions. CPT showed linearity over a concentration range of 2-10μg/mL with a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.994 and correlation coefficient (R) of 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values for CPT were 0.025μg/mL and 0.077μg/mL respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The method was also successfully applied to dissolution testing of controlled release formulation.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide a way to evaluate test capability for biological sample analysis laboratory,so as to im-prove this test quality. METHODS:By analyzing the use of measurement uncertainty in China and detailing the steps of biological sample analysis laboratory measurement uncertainty,the effects of measurement uncertainty on biological sample analysis laborato-ry are illustrated from two aspects of inner and outer quality control. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:National laboratories mainly examine the source of uncertainty through establishing mathematical model,and then uncertainty is evaluated. Uncertainty evalua-tion is a continuous process. Uncertainty assessment and assurance is the overall situation in a biological sample analysis laboratory quality control. Thus,biological sample analysis laboratory can find a method of self-testing capabilities by uncertainty evaluation, find the maximum uncertainty and eliminate or reduce it gradually,ultimately improve laboratory testing quality.
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The aim of the present work was to develop simple, shorter and effective HPLC method with UV detection (285nm) and subsequent validation for the content uniformity determination of Rabeprazole Sodium in marketed tablet samples. The method uses isocratic mobile phase of 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 6.5 with sodium hydroxide solution) and acetonitrile 65:35 compositions on reverse phase Lichrosphere RP-100 C8 column. The RSD was observed to 0.21 percentage and linearity range of (LOQ) 0.025 – 150 percentage of label claim established with 0.9999 correlation, 8 different brands marketed samples were successfully analysed for content uniformity and compared the results with the USP and other guidelines for acceptance criteria. The developed method was found precise, linear, rugged and robust for validated parameters. The method can be used for assay and the content uniformity determination of Rabeprazole Sodium in its tablet dosage form.
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Objective To explore the feasibility of language sample analysis in assessment of language development in children in order to provide evidences for its clinical application. Methods The study population consisted of a cross-sectional sample of 50 preschool Putonghua-speaking children aged 4 to 6 years. The data on measurement of utterance length (MLU) and lexical diversity (D) were computed from 20 minutes' conversational language samples, and correlation analysis was conducted among MLU, D, age, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). Splited sample analysis by comparing MLU of first one hundred utterances and MLU of last one hundred utterance, D of odd lexicals and D of even lexicals were conducted to test the validity of language sample indictors. Results MLU and D development of the preschool Putonghua-speaking children were positively related to age. MLU, D, age, verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) and PPVT were associated with each other (P<0.05 or P≤0.01) except age and VIQ(P>0.05). There were significant correlations between MLU of first one hundred utterances and MLU of last one hundred utterances and between D of odd lexicals and D of even lexicals(P=0.000). Conelusion Language sample analysis proves to be feasible in assessment of language development in preschool children aged 4 to 6 years.
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We used 125 microsatellite markers to genotype the maize (Zea mays L.) near isogenic lines (NIL) L30HtPHtPRtRt and L30htphtpRtRt and the L40htphtprtrt line which contrast regarding the presence of the recently described dominant HtP and the recessive rt genes that confer resistance to Exserohilum turcicum. Five microsatellite markers revealed polymorphisms between the NIL and were considered candidate linked markers for the HtP resistance gene. Linkage was confirmed by bulked segregant sample (BSS) analysis of 32 susceptible and 34 resistant plants from a BC1F1 population derived from the cross (L30HtPHtPRtRt x L40htphtprtrt) x L40htphtprtrt. The bnlg198 and dupssr25 markers, both located on maize chromosome 2L (bin 2.08), were polymorphic between bulks. Linkage distances were estimated based on co-segregation data of the 32 susceptible plants and indicated distances of 28.7 centimorgans (cM) between HtP and bnlg198 and 23.5 cM between HtP and dupssr25. The same set of susceptible plants was also genotyped with markers polymorphic between L30HtPHtPRtRt and L40htphtprtrt in order to find markers linked to the rt gene. Marker bnlg197, from chromosome 3L (bin 3.06), was found linked to rt at a distance of 9.7 cM. This is the first report on the chromosomal locations of these newly described genes.