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1.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 19(1): e20170477, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974033

ABSTRACT

Abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the structure and composition of the tree and shrub community in a 77-ha fragment of Restinga forest in Caraguatatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. In this fragment, forty 20 × 20-m plots (1.6 ha) were systematically allocated and all trees with a stem diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥4.8 cm were sampled. Sixteen plots were randomly chosen to also sample individuals with a DBH of between 1 and 4.8 cm. All individuals were tagged, identified to species level, and their diameters and heights were measured. A total of 2587 individuals (1616 ind./ha) from 119 species and 42 families were found with a DBH >4.8 cm, and 2659 individuals (4154 ind./ha) from 125 species and 38 families were found with a DBH >1 cm. The richest families were Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, and Fabaceae, and the most abundant species were Diospyros brasiliensis (Ebenaceae), Anaxagorea dolichocarpa (Annonaceae), and Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae). The structure of the studied site was similar to that of other Restinga forest sites, but the forest composition was quite distinct. Implications for the conservation and restoration of Restinga forests in this region are discussed in light of the results obtained.


Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a estrutura e composição da comunidade arbórea e arbustiva em um fragmento de 77 ha de floresta de Restinga em Caraguatatuba, São Paulo. Neste fragmento, 40 parcelas de 20 × 20 m (1,6 ha) foram distribuídas sistematicamente e todas as árvores com diâmetro do tronco na altura do peito (DAP) ≥4,8 cm foram amostradas. Além disso, 16 parcelas foram escolhidas aleatoriamente para amostrar também todos os indivíduos com DAP entre 1 e 4.8 cm de DAP. Todos os indivíduos foram marcados, identificados ao nível de espécie e tiveram seu diâmetro e altura medidos. Para indivíduos acima de 4,8 cm de DAP, foi amostrado um total de 2587 indivíduos (1616 ind./ha) em 119 espécies e 42 famílias. Para indivíduos acima de 1 cm de DAP, foi amostrado um total de 2659 indivíduos (4154 ind./ha) em 125 espécies e 38 famílias. As famílias mais ricas foram Myrtaceae, Lauraceae e Fabaceae. As espécies mais abundantes foram Diospyros brasiliensis, Anaxagorea dolichocarpa e Euterpe edulis. Quando comparado com outros locais de florestas de Restinga, a estrutura florestal do fragmento estudado é semelhante a outras florestas de Restinga. No entanto, a composição da floresta é bastante distinta, evidenciando a heterogeneidade das florestas de Restinga ao longo da costa do Brasil. Implicações para a conservação e restauração das florestas de Restinga são destacadas.

2.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 28(Supplement 1 - XXXIII Congresso Brasileiro de Ciência do Solo): 1-7, 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-912072

ABSTRACT

A disponibilidade de P no solo é dependente do seu teor de argila, quanto maior o seu teor e o tempo de permanência do P no solo, maior sua adsorção e menor sua disponibilidade. O uso de fontes de liberação lenta podem aumentar esta disponibilidade, uma vez que o revestimento impede o contado do fertilizante com os óxidos, diminuindo sua adsorção. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de análises de fertilidade do solo CeFert, localizado no Campus do Centro Universitário de Patos Minas, em Minas Gerais. Objetivou-se quantificar os teores de P disponível, após incubação de solos com diferentes texturas. Os tratamentos foram testemunha (sem aplicação de P) e doses crescentes de P2O5 (50; 100; 200 e 400 mg dm-3), utilizando o fosfatado monoamônico de liberação controlada, em solo argiloso, médio e arenoso. Avaliou-se o P disponível aos 30, 60 e 90 dias da incubação do fertilizante com o solo. Os resultados demonstraram que o solo argiloso apresentou maior disponibilidade do nutriente quanto maior a dose aplicada.


The availability of P in soil is dependent on its clay content, the higher degree and permanence of soil P, the greater its absorption and lower availability. The use of slow-release sources may increase this availability, since the coating prevents the counting of the fertilizer with the oxides, thus reducing their adsorption. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of analysis of soil fertility CeFert, located on the campus of the Centro Universitário de Patos Minas, in Minas Gerais. The objective was to quantify the levels of available P after incubation of soils with different textures. The treatments were control (no P application) and increasing doses of P2O5 (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg dm-3), monoammonium phosphate using controlled release, in clay soil, sandy medium. We assessed P available 30, 60 and 90 days incubation of the fertilizer with soil. The results showed that the clay soil had a higher nutrient availability as the doses applied.


Subject(s)
Phosphorus , Soil Characteristics , Clay Soils , Sandy Soils , Soil Conditions , Fertilizers
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 53(5): 277-281, Sept.-Oct. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-602364

ABSTRACT

The environmental contamination by geohelminths represents a world public health problem and has been well documented by several authors. However, few papers describe the presence of such contamination in saline soils of coastal beaches. A study was performed on the beaches of the municipality of Santos in the period between May 2004 to April 2005 with the aim of determining the degree of contamination, and the correlation between contamination level and seasonal conditions and characteristics of the environment. Of the 2,520 samples analyzed, 18.2 percent (458) were contaminated, 32.3 percent (148) of which were localized in children's recreational areas (playgrounds). The parasite profile found in the analyzed samples indicated the presence of several zoonotic parasites: Ancylostoma larvae (82.5 percent), Toxocara sp. eggs (59.4 percent), Ancylostomidae-like eggs (37.1 percent), coccid oocysts (13.5 percent), Trichostrongylus sp. eggs and larvae, Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, (11.6 percent), Entamoeba sp. cysts (10.0 percent), Strongyloides sp. (4.8 percent), several free nematoids and some non-identified parasitic structures (3.3 percent). It was established that the highest frequency of parasitic structures occurred in the months between May and October 2004, and from February to March 2005. An increase in the diversity of parasitic forms was documented in the months between February to December 2004 and from January to April 2005, these periods having the highest rainfall.


A contaminação ambiental por geohelmintos representa um problema mundial de saúde pública e tem sido bem documentada por diversos autores. No entanto, poucos trabalhos descrevem a presença de contaminação em solos salinos de praias litorâneas. Este estudo foi realizado nas praias do município de Santos no período entre maio de 2004 a abril de 2005 com o objetivo de determinar o grau de contaminação, e possíveis correlações entre sazonalidade e características ambientais. Das 2.520 amostras analisadas, 18,2 por cento (458) estavam contaminadas, 32,3 por cento (148) das quais foram localizadas em areas de lazer das crianças(playgrounds). O perfil parasitário encontrado nas amostras analisadas indicaram a presença de vários parasitos com potencial zoonótico: larvas de Ancylostoma (82,5 por cento), ovos de Toxocara sp (59,4 por cento), ovos semelhantes aos de Ancilostomídeos (37,1 por cento), oocistos de coccídeos (13,5 por cento), ovos de Trichostrongylus sp., ovos de Ascaris lumbricoides, (11,6 por cento), cistos de Entamoeba sp. (10,0 por cento), Strongyloides sp. (4,8 por cento), vários nematóides de vida livre e algumas estruturas parasitárias não identificadas que podem corresponder a um parasita (3,3 por cento). Foi estabelecido que a maior frequência de estruturas parasitárias ocorreu nos meses entre maio e outubro de 2004, e de fevereiro a março de 2005. Um aumento na diversidade de formas parasitárias foi documentado nos meses entre fevereiro a dezembro de 2004 e de janeiro a abril de 2005, esses períodos com a maior pluviosidade.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bathing Beaches , Entamoeba/isolation & purification , Helminths/isolation & purification , Soil/parasitology , Brazil , Helminths/classification , Parasite Egg Count , Rain , Seasons , Silicon Dioxide
4.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 27(1): 70-76, jan./fev. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-911738

ABSTRACT

A disponibilidade de fósforo no solo é um fator que interfere diretamente na sua absorção pelas plantas. Essa disponibilidade pode ser influenciada pela textura, dose do fertilizante fosfatado e pelo tempo de contato com o solo. De maneira geral, quanto maior o teor de argila presente no solo, maior a adsorção do P e menor sua disponibilidade, e, quanto maior o tempo que o P permanecer no solo, menor será sua disponibilidade. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de análises de fertilidade do solo do UNIPAM (CeFert), localizado no Campus do Centro Universitário de Patos Minas, em Minas Gerais. O experimento teve como objetivo quantificar os teores de P disponível, após incubação de solos com diferentes texturas. Os tratamentos utilizados foram testemunha (sem aplicação de P) e doses crescentes de P2O5 (50; 100; 200 e 400 mg dm-3). Foi utilizando como fonte de P2O5 o fertilizante fosfatado monoamônicoMAP, em solos com textura argilosa, média e arenosa. No solo arenoso foi realizada a calagem, com calcário calcítico comercial (Filler), visando homogeneizar o pH, elevando-o a 6,0. Após 30, 60 e 90 dias da incubação do fertilizante fosfatado com o solo, foram realizadas análises de P disponível por Mehlich-1. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o solo arenoso apresentou a maior disponibilidade de P em função da dose aplicada e o solo de textura média apresentou maior adsorção e menor disponibilidade do nutriente, em função da dose aplicada.


The availability of soil Phosphorus is a factor that directly interferes with its absorption by plants. This availability may be influenced by the texture, dose of phosphate fertilizer applied and the time that this nutrient is in the ground. In general, higher clay content in the soil, greater is the adsorption of P and lower is its availability, and as longer as the time P remains in the soil, lower is its availability. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory Laboratório de análises de fertilidade do solo do UNIPAM (CeFert), located on the campus of Centro Universitário de Patos Minas, in Minas Gerais. The experiment aimed to quantify the levels of available P after incubation of soils with different textures. The treatments were control (no P2O5 application) and increasing doses of P2O5 (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg dm-3). Was used as the source of P2O5 monoammonium phosphate fertilizer-MAP, in soils with clay texture, medium and sandy. In the sandy soil liming was performed with commercial limestone (filler), aiming mix pH, increasing it to 6.0. After 30, 60 and 90 days of application of phosphate fertilizer were analyzed P-available by Mehlich-1. The results demonstrated that the sandy soil showed the highest P availability as a function of the applied dose and medium-textured soil showed a higher absorption and lower availability of nutrients, depending on the dose applied


Subject(s)
Agricultural Zones , Fertilizers , Soil , Soil Quality
5.
J Environ Biol ; 2009 Nov; 30(6): 933-938
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-146277

ABSTRACT

In our experiment we tried to find out what kind of eventual changes in the environment and in plant chemical composition occurred in response to different fertilizer treatments applied to sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata) grown on sandy soil with low humus content. The ploughed layer contained <1% CaCO3 and around 1% humus. The soil was very well supplied with P, well supplied with K, Mg, Mn and Cu, and weakly supplied with N and Ca. The treatments were planned in accordance with the recommendations, with a planned unhusked ear yield of 16 tons per hectare, of the new environmental friendly advisory system recently elaborated for field vegetable crops in Hungary. The treatments applied included: G1 (blank control) N0P0K0, G2 N222.5 P22.2 K143, G3 N445 P22.5 K143, G4 N222.5 P22.5 K143, G5 N222.5 P22.5 K286, G6 N222.5 P22.5 K143+Mg1.52. According to our findings, of the composition parameters of the grains of the treatments with no fertilizer application, the invert and reducing sugar contents (4.42%, respectively 2.59% relative to fresh weight-1) in grains were the highest among the treatments. The same conclusion was drawn on the K 120.2, Mg 13.3, Fe 0.24, Cu 0.66 mg 100 g-1 grain dry weight levels among minerals. In the case of the basic treatment (G2) recommended by the advisory system we obtained favourable results for the measured parameters, including yields. Invert and reducing sugar contents were (3.26% respectively 1.97% relative to fresh weight-1), and mineral contents K 101.9; Mg 11.8; Fe 0.21; Cu 0.56 mg 100 g-1 dry weight. In the grains, no translocation of toxic elements was observed in response to the direct or indirect effect of the treatments.

6.
Mycobiology ; : 61-67, 2003.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-729976

ABSTRACT

The mycobiota of the sandy soil of Egyptian beaches was investigated in thirty six sand samples collected from nine different localities in Egypt. The filamentous fungi were identified and assigned to thirty one genera and fifty one species. Greater populations as well as a wider spectrum range of fungal genera and species were obtained in sandy soil of Alexandria beach while Balteem beach was the poorest one. The total count of the genus or species was not depended upon cases of isolation. Most of the genera detected belonged to the Deuteromycotina with fewer proportions belonging to the Ascomycotina and Zygomycotina. The genera of highest incidence and their respective numbers of species were: Penicillium (35.72%, 6 species) and Aspergillus (30.28%, 16 species). The species which showed the highest incidence in all cases was P. chrysogenum, followed by P. citrinum, A. flavus, Chaetomium murorum and Trichoderma viride. A few number of other genera and species were also detected.


Subject(s)
Aspergillus , Chaetomium , Egypt , Fungi , Incidence , Penicillium , Silicon Dioxide , Soil , Trichoderma
7.
Acta amaz ; 24(1)1994.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1454534

ABSTRACT

Density and vertical distribution of soil invertebrates were studied during September of 1990 and 1991 in three plots, namely one forest plot and two arboreal plantations (Dipteryx odorata =cumaru Leguminosae> and Simaruba amara =marupá Simarubaceae>) near Manaus (Brazil). Nineteen main fauna groups were found, and most of them had similar densities in the three plots. The most representative groups were Isoptera (40.1 %), Formicidae (25.2%), Araneae (6.7%), all together representing 62.4% of all soil fauna in the cumaru plot, 57.0% in marupa and 84.1 % in the forest plot. Density of soil fauna decreased from the top soil to 20 cm depth (excluding termites), with a subsequent increase until 30 cm depth. 45% of all fauna occurred in the top 0-5 cm, followed by 9.5% (5-10 cm), 9.1 % ( 10-15 cm), 2.7% (15-20 cm), 20.7% (20-25 cm) and 12.3% (25-30 cm). Isoptera, Diptera and other invertebrates did not present correlation with the pH and the humidity of the soil.


Densidade e distribuição vertical de invertebrados foram estudados durante o mês de setembro de 1990 e 1991, em solo de três tipos de cobertura vegetal: floresta primária, plantios de Dipteryx odorata(Leguminosae = cumaru) e Simaruba amara(Simarubaceae = marupá), nos arredores de Manaus, Brasil. Foram encontrados 19 grupos principais da fauna. A maioria desses grupos foram similares para os três tipos de cobertura, sendo Isoptera (40,1%), Formicidae (25,2%), Araneae (6,7%) os grupos mais abundantes que, juntos, representaram 62,4% da fauna de cumaru, 57,0% da fauna de marupá e 84,1% da fauna de floresta. Houve uma diminuição da densidade para todos os grupos (excluídos os cupins) até a profundidade de 20 cm, com subseqüente aumento até 30 cm de profundidade, principalmente pela presença de Isoptera. Cerca de 45% de toda a fauna ocorreu no estrato de 0-5 cm de profundidade, seguido de 9,5% (5-10 cm), 9,1% (10-15 cm), 2,7% (15-20 cm), 20,7% (20-25 cm) e 12,3% (25-30 cm) nos estratos subseqüentes. Isoptera, Diptera e outros invertebrados não apresentaram correlação com a umidade e o pH do solo.

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