Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana e antitumoral, frente ao sarcoma 180, do extrato bruto de luffa operculata cogn. (cucurbitaceae) / Assessment of antimicrobial and anti-tumor activity, against sarcoma 180, of the crude extract of luffa operculata cogn. (cucurbitaceae) / Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana y antitumoral frente a sarcoma 180 del extracto crudo de luffa operculata cogn. (cucurbitaceae)

Luffa operculata Cogn. pertence à família Cucurbitaceae, sendo popularmente denominada como buchinha, cabaçinha e purga-dos-paulistas. Sua análise fitoquímica demonstrou a presença de glicosídeos, saponina e resina, esteróis livres, ácidos orgânicos, fenóis e, com ausência de taninos. Além disso, essa família é produtora de triterpenos com esqueletos modificados denominados de cucurbitacinas, substâncias de alto valor farmacológico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e antitumoral, frente ao Sarcoma 180, do extrato bruto da Luffa operculata Cogn.. No ensaio antimicrobiano foram utilizadas espécimes bacterianas e fúngicas da origem clínica e de coleção. Para analisar a atividade antitumoral, células tumorais foram implantadas na região axilar de camundongos albinos Swiss (Mus musculus). O grupo controle recebeu solução salina 0,9% e no grupo padrão administrou-se metotrexato (10 mg/kg de peso corpóreo). Os grupos tratados receberam por via intraperitoneal doses nas concentrações de 0,3, 0,6 ou 1,0 mg/kg de peso corpóreo do extrato bruto etanólico de Luffa operculata Cogn.. Os resultados demonstraram que o extrato do Luffa operculata Cogn. apresenta atividade antimicrobiana contra Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans e Candida tropicalis. No que diz respeito a atividade antitumoral, os animais tratados com o extrato nas doses 0,3 e 0,6 mg/kg não apresentaram redução relevante dos tumores de Sarcoma 180, quando comparado com o grupo controle. Entretanto, os animais tratados com a dose 1,0 mg/kg obtiveram índice de inibição de 61,7%. Dessa forma, concluímos que o extrato bruto de Luffa operculata Cogn. apresenta atividade antimicrobiana e, na dose de 1 mg/kg, apresenta atividade antitumoral reduzindo significativamente os tumores de Sarcoma 180.

Luffa operculata Cogn. belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family, popularly known as buchinha, cabaçinha and purga-dos-paulistas. Its phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of glycosides, saponin and resin, free sterols, organic acids, phenols and the absence of tannins. In addition, this family produces triterpenes with modified skeletons called cucurbitacins, substances of high pharmacological value. This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antitumor activity, against Sarcoma 180, of the crude extract of Luffa operculata Cogn.. In the antimicrobial assay, bacterial and fun- gal specimens of clinical and collection origin were used. To analyze the antitumor activ- ity tumor cells were implanted in the axillary region in albino Swiss mice (Mus musculus). The control group received 0.9% saline solution; and the standard group received meth- otrexate (10 mg/kg per body weight). The treated groups received intraperitoneal doses at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6; and 1.0 mg/kg per body weight of crude ethanolic extract of Luffa operculata Cogn., respectively. The results demonstrated that the extract of Luffa operculata Cogn. has antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococ- cus epidermidis, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. Concerning antitumor activ- ity, the animals treated with the extract at doses of 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg did not show a relevant reduction in Sarcoma 180 tumors, when compared to the control group. How- ever, animals treated with a dose of 1mg/kg had an inhibition rate of 61.7%. Thus, we concluded that the crude extract of Luffa operculata Cogn. it has antimicrobial activity; and only at the highest dose (1 mg/kg) did it significantly reduce Sarcoma 180 tumors. KEYWORDS: Luffa Operculata Cogn.; Antimicrobian Activity; Sarcoma 180.

Luffa operculata Cog. pertenece a la familia de las Cucurbitáceas, siendo popularmente conocida como buchinha, cabaçinha y purga-dos-paulistas. Su análisis fi- toquímico demostró la presencia de glucósidos, saponina y resina, esteroles libres, ácidos orgánicos, fenoles y ausencia de taninos. Además, esta familia es produtora de triterpenos con esqueletos modificados llamados cucurbitacinas, sustancias de alto valor farmacoló- gico. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana y antitumoral, contra el Sarcoma 180, del extracto crudo de Luffa operculata Cogn.. En el ensayo anti- microbiano se utilizaron especímenes bacterianos y fúngicos de origen clínico y de co- lección. Para analizar la actividad antitumoral, se implantaron células tumorales en la región axilar de ratones albinos suizos (Mus musculus). El grupo control recibió solución salina al 0,9% y el grupo estándar recibió metotrexato (10 mg/kg por peso corporal). Los grupos tratados recibieron dosis intraperitoneales a concentraciones de 0,3, 0,6 y 1,0 mg/kg por peso corporal de extracto etanólico crudo de Luffa operculata Cogn., respec- tivamente. Los resultados demostraron que el extracto de Luffa operculata Cogn. tiene actividad antimicrobiana contra Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans y Candida tropicalis. En cuanto a la actividad antitumoral, los animales tratados con el extracto a dosis de 0,3 y 0,6 mg/kg no mostraron una reducción relevante de tumores Sarcoma 180, al compararlos con el grupo control. Sin embargo, los animales tratados con una dosis de 1 mg/kg tuvieron una tasa de inhibición del 61,7 %. Por lo tanto, concluimos que el extracto crudo de Luffa operculata Cogn. tiene actividad antimicro- biana y solo en la dosis más alta (1 mg/kg) redujo significativamente los tumores Sarcoma 180.

Fruiting increases total content of flavonoids and antiproliferative effects of Cereus jamacaru D.C. Cladodes in sarcoma 180 cells in vitro

Objective: To evaluate the influence of fruiting phenological stage on total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative effects of Cereus jamacaru (C. jamacaru) (mandacaru) cladodes and fruit. Methods: Fruit and cladodes at vegetative and fruiting stage of C. jamacaru were collected. The fruit was dissected and bark, pulp, and seeds were separated. Vegetative and fruiting cladodes, together with bark, pulp, and seeds were used to obtain five hydroalcoholic extracts. The extracts were investigated for total flavonoid content, using AlCl

Fruiting increases total content of flavonoids and antiproliferative effects of Cereus jamacaru D.C. cladodes in sarcoma 180 cells in vitro

Objective: To evaluate the influence of fruiting phenological stage on total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative effects of Cereus jamacaru (C. jamacaru) (mandacaru) cladodes and fruit. Methods: Fruit and cladodes at vegetative and fruiting stage of C. jamacaru were collected. The fruit was dissected and bark, pulp, and seeds were separated. Vegetative and fruiting cladodes, together with bark, pulp, and seeds were used to obtain five hydroalcoholic extracts. The extracts were investigated for total flavonoid content, using AlCl3 colorimetric method, antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging capacity and Fe2+ ion chelating activity, and in vitro antiproliferative effects (sarcoma 180 cells) by 3-(4,5- dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Results: The extract of C. jamacaru cladodes at the fruiting stage showed higher flavonoid content compared to the other extracts. Seed extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, and the extract of cladodes at vegetative stage showed better antioxidant activity in Fe2+ ion chelating activity. The extract of fruiting cladodes promoted higher antiproliferative effects compared to the other extracts. Conclusions: These findings suggest that fruiting increases the content of flavonoids and antiproliferative effects of C. jamacaru cladodes. Data reinforce the potential use of C. jamacaru cladodes and fruits as natural antioxidants and potent anticancer agent.

Antitumor activity and toxicity of volatile oil from the leaves of Annona leptopetala

Abstract Annona leptopetala (R.E.Fr.) H. Rainer, Annonaceae, is used in folk medicine like antitumor and anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to determine chemical composition, toxicity and antitumor activity of A. leptopetala leaves volatile oil. Fresh leaves were hydrodistilled and then the volatile oil chemical composition was assessed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Toxicity was assessed using haemolysis, micronucleus and acute toxicity protocols. Antitumor effects were determined in vitro and in vivo, using sulforhodamine B assay and sarcoma 180 murine tumor model, respectively. Spathulenol was the major component identified (12.56%). The volatile oil showed in vitro antitumor activity mainly in leukemia cell line (K-562), with Total growth inhibit (TGI) (concentration producing TGI) of 0.64 µg/ml. In other hand, the volatile oil <250 µg/ml did not inhibit HaCat non-tumor cell line growth. The concentration that produced 50% haemolysis was 372.8 µg/ml. The 50% lethal dose in mice was approximately 447.2 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Sarcoma 180 tumor growth inhibition rates were 59.29% and 58.77% at 100 and 150 mg/kg intraperitoneally, respectively. The volatile oil presented moderate gastrointestinal toxicity and no genotoxicity was observed at 350 mg/kg. Thus, the volatile oil shows antitumor activity with moderate toxicity.

Inhibition of Yuyihe Powder on Tumor Growth in Mice Models of Sarcoma 180 / 中草药·英文版

Objective To explore the antitumor effect of Yuyihe Powder (Yu Yi He San, YYHS) and its antitumor mechanism. Methods After treatment, tumor weight, immune apparatus weight, the life span of transplanted animals, spleen lymphocyte proliferation assays, and IL-2 concentration in mouse serum were recorded or detected. Results YYHS showed strong antitumor ability. Compared with control group, mid-dose YYHS (1.0 g/kg) could inhibit the tumor growth, prolong the life span of S180-bearing mice to some extent, significantly increase the thymic and splenic indices of S180 mice, and strongly promote the secretion of IL-2 in blood; The inhibitory rate on tumor growth and life prolongation rate were 37.1% and 38.37%, respectively. Conclusion YYHS could not only significantly inhibit the growth of S180 cells, but also markedly prolong the survival time of S180 bearing mice. The mechanism of antitumor effect could obviously enhance immunologic function of the S180 bearing mice to inhibit the growth of S180 cells.

A polysaccharide fraction extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus mycelial biomass inhibit Sarcoma 180 tumor

ABSTRACT Fungi of Pleurotus genus have attracted a great interest due to their medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumor. These properties are attributed mainly to polysaccharides synthesized by Pleurotus. This work aimed to study the mycelial growth of P. ostreatus in submerged culture, evaluating the influence of the initial concentration of substrate (20 and 40 g/L of glucose) and the pH (4 and 6) on kinetic parameters of production of biomass. The effectiveness of different doses (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg) of a mycelium polysaccharide fraction extracted from P. ostreatus in reducing Sarcoma 180 development in mice was also verified. In the range of this study, maximum concentration of mycelial biomass (about 12.8 g/L) was obtained using 40.0 g/L of glucose, at pH 4.0. The total biomass productivity (Px) was not significantly affected by substrate concentration and pH, reaching values of 0.034 g/L.h. Sarcoma 180 tumor weight was reduced in 74.1, 75.5 and 53.7% when 10, 30 and 50 mg/kg were administered, respectively. These results show the high antitumor potential of intracellular polysaccharide fraction of mycelial biomass of P. ostreatus, particularly at lower doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg.

Comparison of therapeutic responses to an anticancer drug in three stocks of ICR mice derived from three different sources / 한국실험동물학회지

Korl:ICR mice, established by the Korean National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS), are characterized based on their genetic variation, response to gastric injury, and response to constipation inducers. To compare the inhibitory responses of ICR stocks obtained from three different sources to the anticancer drug cisplatin (Cis), alterations in tumor volume, histopathological structure, and toxicity were examined in Sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing Korl:ICR, A:ICR (USA source), and B:ICR (Japan source) mice treated with low and high concentrations of Cis (L-Cis and H-Cis, respectively). Tumor size and volume were lower in H-Cis-treated mice than in L-Cis-treated mice in all three ICR stocks with no significant differences among stocks. There was a significant enhancement of the necrotizing areas in the histological structures in the L-Cis- and H-Cis-treated groups relative to that in the untreated group. The necrotizing area changes were similar in the Sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing Korl:ICR, A:ICR, and B:ICR mice. However, there were stock-bases differences in the serum biomarkers for liver and kidney toxic effects. In particular, the levels of AST, ALT and BUN increased differently in the three H-Cis-treated ICR stocks, whereas the levels of ALP and CRE were constant. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that Korl:ICR, A:ICR, and B:ICR mice have similar overall inhibitory responses following Cis treatment of Sarcoma 180-derived solid tumors, although there were some differences in the magnitude of the toxic effects in the three ICR stocks.

Effects of Chinese medicine on tumor inhibition and immune function in S180 tumor-bearing mice / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of the Chinese medicine on S180 tumor-bearing mice and the effect on the immune function of the mice by respiratory drug administration. Methods The S180 cells were inoculated into the abdominal cavity of Kunming mice. After the ascites was formed, the left anterior limb of mice was inoculated with ascites to establish the subcutaneous transplantation tumor model. Drug was administrated when the tumor volume reached 0.06cm3. The experimental grouping and intervention measures are as follows (n=6): mice in control group received no intervention, and fed normally. Mice in experiment group were treated with respiratory tract inhalation of Chinese medicine gas, daily administration 6h, once a day, continuous administration of 21 days. Mice in adriamycin (ADM) group were intraperitoneally injected 1mg/kg of ADM, once a week, a total of 3 times. General signs of the mice including activity and eating status were observed daily. The body weight of mice was measured every other day. Blood samples were taken 2 days after stopping drug inhalation by inner canthus vein bleeding for detection of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio by flow cytometry. The subcutaneous nodule was dissected and weighed, and some tumor tissues were pathologically observed. Part of tumor tissues was prepared into single cell suspension to detect the cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Results The CD3+, CD4+ T lymphocytes ratio and the ratio CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher in experiment group than in control group (P0.05). The apoptotic rate increased significantly in experiment group than in control group (P<0.05). Histopathological observation showed that, in control group, the transplanted tumor tissue had rich cells arranged closely with necrosis limited; while in the experiment group the necrosis of tumor tissue distributed widely without obvious regional, the fibrous tissue proliferated, the tumor cells scattered in the arrangement with peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration. More necrotic tissues were also observed in ADM group. Conclusion Respiratory tract inhalation of Chinese medicine may inhibit the growth of S180 subcutaneous transplanted tumor in mice to a certain extent.

Influence of surgical technique in the peritoneal carcinomatosis surgical wound implant: experimental model in mice / Influência da técnica cirúrgica na implantação da carcinomatose peritoneal em ferida operatória: modelo experimental em camundongos

BACKGROUND: The number of malignancies increased alarmingly. Surgery constitutes one of the most efficient therapeutic modalities for the treatment of solid tumors. The neoplastic implant in surgical wound is a complication whose percentage of occurrence reported in the literature is variable, but sets with high morbidity and therapeutic difficulties. Protecting the wound is one of the recommended principles of oncologic surgery. AIM: To evaluate the influence of wound protection in the development of tumor implantation. METHODS: Sarcoma 180 tumor cells were used, with intraperitoneal inoculation in Swiss mice. After the establishment of neoplastic ascites, animals were randomized into two groups of 10, each group consisting of five males and five females. In both groups, laparotomy and manipulation of intra-abdominal organs was performed. In a group laparotomy was performed using the protection of the abdominal wound and the other group without it. On the 9th postoperative day macroscopic evaluation of the operative scar was performed, which was later removed for microscopic evaluation. RESULTS: There was microscopic infiltration of tumor cells in the wound of all animals. However, the group that held the protection, infiltration was less intense when compared to the group without it. The infiltration was also more severe in females than in males of the same group. CONCLUSION: Tumor infiltration into the wound was more intense in the group in which the protection of the surgical site was not performed, and in females when compared to males of the same group. .

RACIONAL: O número de neoplasias vem aumentando de maneira preocupante. O tratamento cirúrgico constitui-se em uma das modalidades terapêuticas mais eficientes para os tumores sólidos. O implante neoplásico em ferida operatória é complicação cujo percentual de ocorrência relatado na literatura é variável, porém configura alta morbidade e grande dificuldade terapêutica. A proteção da ferida operatória é um dos princípios de cirurgia oncológica recomendados, entretanto pouco estudado. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da proteção de ferida operatória no desenvolvimento de implante tumoral na ferida operatória. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas linhagens de células tumorais do Sarcoma 180, com inoculação intraperitoneal em camundongos Swiss. Após o estabelecimento da ascite neoplásica, os animais foram randomizados em dois grupos de 10, cada grupo composto por cinco machos e cinco fêmeas. Nos dois grupos foi realizada laparotomia e manipulação de órgãos intra-abdominais. Em um grupo a laparotomia foi realizada utilizando a proteção da ferida abdominal e no outro grupo sem proteção. No 9º dia pós-operatório foi realizada avaliação macroscópica da cicatriz operatória, sendo esta removida posteriormente para avaliação microscópica. RESULTADOS: Houve infiltração microscópica de células tumorais na ferida operatória em todos animais. Porém, no grupo em que se realizou a proteção da ferida a infiltração foi menos intensa quando comparado ao grupo sem proteção. A infiltração também foi mais intensa nas fêmeas do que nos machos do mesmo grupo. CONCLUSÃO: A infiltração tumoral na ferida operatória foi mais intensa no grupo em que não foi realizada a proteção da ferida operatória e nas fêmeas quando comparadas aos machos do mesmo grupo. .

Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (Fabaceae): hepatic responses in mice bearing sarcoma 180 / Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (Fabaceae): respuestas hepáticas en ratones portadores de sarcoma 180

Indigofera suffruticosa is a plant generally used to treat infectious and inflammatory processes. This work aims to evaluate the histopathological changes in the liver tissue of mice with Sarcoma 180 after subchronic treatment with aqueous extract obtained by infusion and maceration of Indigofera suffruticosa leaves. Male mice were divided into four groups of six animals: G1, G2 and G3 patients with Sarcoma 180 and Sarcoma 180 G4 without sarcoma. G1 and G2 were treated with infusion mashing respectively (50 mg/kg ip); G3 and G4 controls received saline (15 ml/kg ip). The histopathological and morphometric analysis of liver tissue after subchronic treatment with aqueous extracts by infusion and maceration of the groups G1, G2 and G4 were similar and showed no degraded areas or leukocyte infiltration compared to G3, which shows a marked destruction of liver architecture. The results showed that after subchronic treatment with the aqueous extract of leaves Indigofera Suffruticosa obtained by infusion and maceration, the hepatic architecture was preserved, suggesting its use as an alternative hepatoprotective agent.

Indigofera suffruticosa es una planta utilizada para tratar procesos infecciosos e inflamatorios. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar los cambios histopatológicos en el tejido del hígado de ratones con sarcoma 180 después del tratamiento subcrónica con el extracto acuoso obtenido por infusión y maceración de las hojas de Indigofera suffruticosa. Los ratones machos fueron divididos en cuatro grupos de seis animales: pacientes G1 , G2 y G3 con Sarcoma 180 y G4 sin Sarcoma. G1 y G2 fueron tratados con infusión de maceración respectivamente (50mg/kg.ip); Controles G3 y G4 recibieron solución salina (15 ml/kg.ip). El análisis histopatológico y morfométrico de tejido hepático después de un tratamiento subcrónico con extractos acuosos por infusión y la maceración de los grupos G1, G2 y G4 fueron similares y no mostraron áreas degradadas o la infiltración de leucocitos en comparación a G3, que muestra una marcada destrucción de la arquitectura del hígado. Los resultados mostraron que después de un tratamiento subcrónico con el extracto acuoso de hojas de Indigofera suffruticosa obtenidos por infusión y la maceración, se conservó la arquitectura hepática, lo que sugiere su uso como una alternativa de agente hepatoprotector.

Anticancer and Immunopotentiating Activities of Crude Polysaccharides from Pleurotus nebrodensis on Mouse Sarcoma 180

Pleurotus nebrodensis is an edible and commercially available mushroom in Korea. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the anticancer and immunopotentiating activities of crude polysaccharides, extracted in methanol, neutral saline, and hot water (hereafter referred to as Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW, respectively) from the fruiting bodies of P. nebrodensis. beta-Glucan and protein contents in Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW extracts of P. nebrodensis ranged from 23.79~36.63 g/100 g and 4.45~6.12 g/100 g, respectively. Crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against sarcoma 180, HT-29, NIH3T3, and RAW 264.7 cell lines at a range of 10~2,000 microg/mL. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides resulted in a life prolongation effect of 11.76~27.06% in mice previously inoculated with sarcoma 180. Treatment with Fr. NaCl resulted in an increase in the numbers of spleen cells by 1.49 fold at the concentration of 50 microg/mL, compared with control. Fr. HW improved the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocytes through an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.65 fold, compared with control at 200 microg/mL. Maximum production of nitric oxide (14.3 microM) was recorded in the Fr. NaCl fraction at 200 microg/mL. Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly higher, compared to control, and IL-6 production was highest, in contrast to TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and positive control, concanavalin at the tested concentration of the various fractions. Results of the current study suggest that polysaccharides extracted from P. nebrodensis have a strong anticancer effect and may be useful as an ingredient of biopharmaceutical products for treatment of cancer.

Immunomodulating and Antitumor Activities of Panellus serotinus Polysaccharides

This study was initiated in order to investigate the anticancer and immunomodulating activities of crude polysaccharides extracted in methanol, neutral saline, and hot water (hereinafter referred to as Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW, respectively) from the fruiting bodies of Panellus serotinus. Content of beta-glucan and protein in Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW extracts of P. serotinus ranged from 22.92~28.52 g/100 g and 3.24~3.68 g/100 g, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, none of the various fractions of crude polysaccharides were cytotoxic against sarcoma 180, HT-29, NIH3T3, and RAW 264.7 cell lines at the tested concentration. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides resulted in a life prolongation effect of 23.53~44.71% in mice previously inoculated with sarcoma 180. Treatment with Fr. HW resulted in an increase in the numbers of spleen cells by 1.3 fold at the concentration of 50 microg/mL compared with control. Treatment with Fr. NaCl resulted in improvement of the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocytes by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.4 fold, compared with control, at the concentration of 200 microg/mL. Among the three fractions, maximum nitric oxide (13.48 microM) was recorded at 500 microg/mL in Fr. HW. Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6 was significantly higher, compared to the positive control, concanavalin A, at the tested concentration. Therefore, treatment with crude polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body of P. serotinus could result in improvement of antitumor activity.

Study of the antiproliferative potential of seed extracts from Northeastern Brazilian plants

This study assessed the antiproliferative and cytotoxic potential against tumor lines of ethanolic seed extracts of 21 plant species belonging to different families from Northeastern Brazil. In addition, some underlying mechanisms involved in this cytotoxicity were also investigated. Among the 21 extracts tested, the MTT assay after 72 h of incubation demonstrated that only the ethanolic extract obtained from Myracrodruon urundeuva seeds (EEMUS), which has steroids, alkaloids and phenols, showed in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells, being 2-fold more active on leukemia HL-60 line [IC50 value of 12.5 (9.5-16.7) μg/mL] than on glioblastoma SF-295 [IC50 of 25.1 (17.3-36.3) μg/mL] and Sarcoma 180 cells [IC50 of 38.1 (33.5-43.4) μg/mL]. After 72h exposure, flow cytometric and morphological analyses of HL-60-treated cells showed that EEMUS caused decrease in cell number, volume and viability as well as internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent way, suggesting that the EEMUS triggers apoptotic pathways of cell death.

Este estudo avaliou o potencial antiproliferativo e citotóxico contra linhagens de células tumorais de extratos etanólicos de sementes de vinte e uma espécies vegetais pertencentes a diferentes famílias do Nordeste brasileiro. Além disso, alguns mecanismos subjacentes envolvidos nesta citotoxidade também foram investigados. Dentre os 21 extratos testados pelo ensaio do MTT após 72 h de incubação, apenas o extrato etanólico obtido a partir de sementes de Myracrodruon urundeuva (EEMUS), o qual apresentou traços de esteróides, alcalóides e fenóis em sua composição, demonstrou atividade citotóxica in vitro contra células tumorais humanas, sendo 2 vezes mais ativo sobre a linhagem leucêmica HL-60 [IC50 valor de 12,5 (9,5-16,7) μg/mL] do que sobre células de glioblastoma SF-295 [IC50 de 25,1 (17,3-36,3) μg/mL] e de sarcoma 180 [IC50 de 38,1 (33,5-43,4) μg/mL]. Após 72 h de exposição, as análises morfológicas e por citometria de fluxo de células HL-60 tratadas com EEMUS mostraram diminuição no número de células, seu volume e viabilidade, assim como fragmentação internucleosomal do DNA de forma dose-dependente, sugerindo que a ação antiproliferativa de EEMUS pode ser ativada por vias apoptóticas.

Isolation of a podophyllotoxin-producing endophytic fungus from Sinopodophyllum hexandrum and the anti-S180 sarcoma activity of its fermentation broth in mice / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To isolate an endophytic fungus, which can produce podophyllotoxin, from an endangered medical plant Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, and to investigate the inhibitory effect of its fermentation broth against S180 sarcoma. Methods: Endophytic fungal strains were isolated and purified by microbiological tissue isolating methods from the fresh roots and stems of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. The fermentation broths of the isolates were investigated by HPLC, so as to screen for podophyllotoxin-producing strains. The antitumor effects of endophytic fungus fermentation broths were evaluated in a mouse model bearing S180 sarcoma. The orbital blood samples were obtained for leukocyte and lymphocyte count. Results: Strain T8, identified as Cephalosporium sp. was podophyllotoxin-producing. The tumor weight of T8 group was lower than that of the model group (P<0.05) and higher than that of the cyclophosphamide group (P<0.05). The inhibitory rate of fermentation broth of T8 group was significantly lower than that of cyclophosphamide group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the fermentation broth of T8 group significantly promoted the proliferation of leukocytes and lymphocytes. Conclusion: The fermentation broth of fungus T8 can inhibit tumor growth and may serve as an adjuvant drug for tumor therapy after attenuation.

In vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity of Calotropis procera stem extracts

The cytotoxic potential of stem organic extracts from Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) was firstly evaluated against cancer cell lines by MTT assay. Subsequently, samples considered cytotoxic were tested for antimitotic activity on sea urchin egg development and for in vivo antiproliferative activity in mice bearing Sarcoma 180 tumor. Among the five extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol), ethyl acetate and acetone extracts displayed higher cytotoxic potential against tumor cells, with IC50 ranging from 0.8 to 4.4 μg/mL, while methanolic extract was weakly cytotoxic. Cytotoxic extracts also exhibited cell division inhibition capacity by antimitotic assay, revealing IC50 values lower than 5 μg/mL. In the in vivo antitumor assessments, ethyl acetate- and acetone-treated animals showed tumor growth inhibition ratios of 64.3 and 53.1 percent, respectively, with reversible toxic effects on liver and kidneys. Further studies are in progress in order to identify C. procera cytotoxic compound(s) and to understand the mechanism of action responsible for this tumor-decreasing potential.

O potencial citotóxico de extratos orgânicos do caule de Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) foi primeiramente avaliado frente a linhagens de células tumorais através do ensaio de MTT. Aquelas amostras consideradas citotóxicas foram sub-sequentemente testadas para atividade antimitótica sobre o desenvolvimento de ovos de ouriço-do-mar e para atividade antiproliferativa in vivo em camundongos transplantados com tumor Sarcoma 180. Dentre os cinco extratos estudados (hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila, acetona e metanol), os extratos acetato de etila e acetona mostraram maior potencial citotóxico contra células tumorais, com CI50 variando de 0,8 to 4,4 μg/mL, enquanto o extrato metanólico revelou ser fracamente citotóxico. s extratos citotóxicos também exibiram capacidade de inibição da divisão celular com valores de CI50 menores que 5 μg/mL. Nas avaliações antitumorais in vivo, os animais tratados com os extratos acetato de etila e acetona mostraram taxas de inibição do crescimento tumoral de 64,3 e 53,1 por cento, respectivamente, com efeitos tóxicos reversíveis sobre o fígado e os rins.

Antitumor activity of leaves of himatanthus drasticus (mart. ) plumel-apocynaceae (janaguba) in the treatment of Sarcoma 180 tumor

Himatanthus drasticus, also known as janaguba, is used popularly in Brazil's Northeastern region in the treatment of cancer. However, no scientific reports are available. The present study is the first investigation on the antitumor activity of crude methanolic extract from Himatanthus drasticus leaves against Sarcoma 180 tumor and on its side effects including acute oral toxicity. The OECD 423 methodology was used to study acute oral toxicity, and the STOCK methodology to assess antitumor activity. The crude extract showed low toxicity at the tested doses (50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg) administered orally. The histopathological analyses demonstrated alterations in liver lung, spleen and kidney. It also showed activity against Sarcoma 180 tumor in male Swiss albino mice, evidencing tumor growth inhibition of 67.7 percent and 68 percent at 300 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses, respectively.

Himatanthus drasticus, conhecida popularmente como janaguba, tem uma longa história de emprego na cura do câncer no nordeste brasileiro, porém quase sem registro na literatura. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a atividade antitumoral do extrato bruto metanólico das folhas de Himatanthus drasticus frente ao modelo experimental Sarcoma 180 e avaliar sua toxicidade aguda. A determinação da toxicidade aguda foi realizada segundo a metodologia da OECD 423 e o transplante do tumor sólido de sarcoma 180 foi realizado seguindo a metodologia de Stock. O extrato apresentou baixa toxicidade nas doses testadas (50, 300 e 2000 mg/kg) por via oral. A análise histopatológica apresentou alterações em nível hepático, pulmonar, baço e renal. A atividade antineoplásica apresentou inibição tumoral significativa em relação ao grupo controle nas doses de 300 mg/kg e 400 mg/kg de peso do animal com um percentual de inibição de 67.7 por cento e 68 por cento respectivamente. Na menor dose analisada, 200 mg/kg, o percentual de inibição tumoral foi apenas de 32.8 por cento.

Suppressed CD31 Expression in Sarcoma-180 Tumors after Injection with Toxoplasma gondii Lysate Antigen in BALB/c Mice

The anti-tumorigenic effects of Toxoplasma gondii (RH) antigens were studied in a murine sarcoma-180 tumor model. To determine the anti-tumor effects, the reduction in tumor size and expression of CD31 (an angiogenesis marker in the tumor tissue) were examined after injection of BALB/c mice with T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA) or formalin-fixed, proliferation-inhibited, T. gondii tachyzoites. Tumors were successfully produced by an intradermal injection of sarcoma-180 cells with plain Matrigel in the mid-backs of mice. After injection with TLA or formalin-fixed T. gondii tachyzoites, the increase in tumor size and weight nearly stopped while tumor growth continued in control mice that were injected with PBS. CD31 expression in TLA-treated or formalin-fixed T. gondii-injected mice was lower than the control mice. Accordingly, the present study shows that the treatment of mice with formalin-fixed T. gondii or TLA in the murine sarcoma-180 tumor model results in a decrease of both tumor size and CD31 expression.

Cytotoxic activity of the sub-fraction 2125 from Vernonia scorpioides against Sarcoma 180 tumor cells in mice / Ação citotóxica da sub-fração 2125 de Vernonia scorpioides contra células do Sarcoma 180 em camundongos

The effect of the selected sub-fraction SF-2125 of the Vernonia scorpioides leaf extract on Sarcoma 180 (S180) ascitic tumor-bearing mice was investigated. The animals were treated with SF-2125 at a concentration of 5 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally and intravenous during the development of the tumor. Treatment with SF-2125 5 mg/kg i.p. increased the lifespan of the animals, maintained their body and the ascitic tumor showed no development. Intravenous treatment did not reduce the tumor volume.

O efeito da sub-fração SF-2125 obtida do extrato das folhas de Vernonia scorpioides foi investigado em camundongos portadores do tumor ascítico Sarcoma 180 (S180). Os animais foram tratados com SF-2125 na concentração de 5 mg/kg, administrada por vias intraperitoneal e intravenosa durante o desenvolvimento do tumor. O tratamento com SF-2125 5 mg/kg i.p. aumentou o tempo de vida dos animais, manteve seu peso corporal e o tumor na forma ascítica não teve desenvolvimento. O tratamento intravenoso não reduziu o volume do tumor.

Combined Therapy with Mixed Heat Shock Protein/Peptide Vaccine and Interleukin-12 Results in Enhanced Antitumor Effects / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the antitumor immunity induced by tumor derived mixed heat shock protein/peptide(mHSPs),interleukin-12(IL-12)and Cyclophosphamide(Cy).MethodsPurified mixed HSP was prepared from tumor by S180 protein extraction and purification,SDS-PAGE,Western blot and animal experiment were applied for mixed HSPs analysis.ResultsThe proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)cocultured in the mHSPs+Cy+IL-12 group was significantly remarkable and the content of CD8+ CTLs was significantly more in comparison with the other groups(P<0.01).To the tumor bearing mice,mHSPs+Cy+IL-12 group showed partial therapeutic efficacy,the averaged survival period was over 60 d,and 90% of the mice in this group got long period tumor free survival(>90d),obvious difference(P<0.05)from the other groups.ConclusionTumor derived mixed HSPs can induce powerful antitumor immune efficacy and show favorable therapeutic efficacy.

Experimental Study on Antitumor Effects of Total Glycoside of Cimicifuga dahurica Maxim / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the antitumor effects of total glycoside of Cimicifuga dahurica (TGCD) in vivo and in vitro, and further explore its mechanisms. Methods The anti-tumor activity in vitro was determined by MTT assay and the anti-tumor activity in vivo was evaluated using experimental mouse tumor (S180) model and human tumor (A549) xenografts in nude mice. After treatment, A549 cell apoptosis and morphologic change were evaluated by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry and HE staining. Results Inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of TGCD on A549, HepG2, HL60, Eca-109 and MDA-MB231 cells were 20.3, 27.1, 21.2, 23.4 and 32.7 ?g/mL respectively. Administration of TGCD (100 or 200 mg/kg) inhibited S180 solid tumor development in mice, the inhibition rates were 42.8% and 54.6% respectively. Administration of TGCD (100 or 200 mg/kg) inhibited A549 tumor growth with a T/C (mean value of treated group/mean value of control group) value of 58.1% and 52.2% respectively. In addition, increased percentage of apoptotic cells induced by TGCD in human A549 nude mice xenografts and the histopathological changes including cell shrinkage and condensation of chromosomes were observed. Conclusion TGCD has demonstrated antitumor bioactivity both in vitro and in vivo, which may be related to its effects of inducing apoptosis activity.