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Objective: To investigate hypertriglyceridemia and hepatomegaly caused by Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus (FSS) and Schisandra chinensis Fructus (FSC) oils in mice. Methods: Mice were orally administered a single dose of Schisandrae Fructus oils. Serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG), triglyceride transfer protein (TTP), apolipoprotein B48 (Apo B48), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), alanine aminotransfease (ALT) and liver index were measured at 6-120 h post-dosing. Results: FSS and FSC oil caused time and dose-dependent increases in serum and hepatic TG levels, with maximum increases in the liver (by 297% and 340%) at 12 h post-dosing and serum (244% and 439%) at 24-h post-dosing, respectively. Schisandrae Fructus oil treatments also elevated the levels of serum TTP by 51% and 63%, Apo B48 by 152% and 425%, and VLDL by 67% and 38% in mice, respectively. FSS and FSC oil treatments also increased liver mass by 53% and 55% and HGF by 106% and 174%, but lowered serum ALT activity by 38% and 22%, respectively. Fenofibrate pre/ co-treatment attenuated the FSS and FSC oil-induced elevation in serum TG levels by 41% and 49% at 48 h post-dosing, respectively, but increased hepatic TG contents (by 38% and 33%, respectively) at 12 h post-dosing. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence to support the establishment of a novel mouse model of hypertriglyceridemia by oral administration of FSS oil (mainly increasing endogenous TG) and FSC oil (mainly elevating exogenous TG).
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Aim To investigate the influence of Schisandrae Fructus ( Wuweizi in Chinese) and com¬patible with Glycyrrhiza ( Gancao in Chinese ) on the levels of serum lipids and their influence on liver syn¬thesis pathway of triglyceride ( TG ). Methods ICR mice were divided, according to weight randomized block method, into four groups; normal control group ( Control, C ), Schisandrae Fructus ethanolic extract group (SF) , Schisandrae Fructus compatible with Gly¬cyrrhiza ethanolic extract (SG) 1 : 1 and 1 : 1.5. The control group was intragastrically given normal saline (10 mL • kg-1), SF group, SG 1 : 1 and 1 : 1. 5 group were given the extract 3. 9 g • kg"1 in crude of Schisandrae Fructus for 10 days. The levels of TG, to¬tal cholesterol (TC) , low-density lipoprotein-cholester¬ol ( LDL-C ) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( HDL-C ) were detected by biochemical method, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. The activities of liver fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acctyl-COA carboxylase ( ACC ), and levels of GPAT, acy- CoA oxidase ( ACO ) were detected by enzyme immu¬noassay ( ELISA ). The protein expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-lc (SREBP-lc) and peroxisome proliferator-activiated receptor-a ( PPARa ) were detected by immunohistochemistry technique. Results Compared with C group, the lev¬els of TG and TC increased significantly, the level of serum LDL-C decreased significantly, the activities of liver ACC and GPAT level increased markedly, the protein expression of SREBP-1 c was markedly up-regu¬lated, and the protein expression of PPARa was evi¬dently down-regulated in SF group. When compared with SF group, the levels of serum TG and ACO, the activities of serum ALT and GPAT apparently de¬creased in SG 1 : 1 group. The protein expression of SREBP-1 c in SG 1 : 1 and 1 : 1.5 group was signifi¬cantly down-regulated, and the protein expression of PPARa was markedly up-regulated. Conclusions High dose of SF can increase the serum TG and TC levels , and the mechanisms may be related to that SF can promote the expression of liver SREBP-lc, in¬crease the activities and levels of FAS, ACC and GPAT in TG synthesis pathway, and down-regulate protein expression of PPARct and ACO for promoting liver TG synthesis. Compatible with Glycyrrhiza can significantly improve the elevated blood lipids and the proteins in the TG synthesis pathway.
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Objective: To analyze the difference of chemical constituents in the different parts of Schisandrae Fructus (SF) for researching regularities of their distribution and try to provide the basis for reasonable application of different parts of SF. Methods: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was carried out to acquire the chemical constituents information in samples with different parts of SF. High precise mass data were processed by multivariate statistical analysis techniques to discover and identify the constituents with significant difference. Results: A total of 29 compounds were identified and 23 compounds were lignans. The differences of chemical constituents among the three parts of SF could be obviously observed by the method of OPLS-DA in positive mode. There were 14 chemical ingredients of lignans with significant differences identified by comparison with retention time and mass spectra. Conclusion: The chemical constituents of lignans are mainly distributed in the seed and this study provides the basis for clinical reasonable application of different parts of SF.
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Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint and analyze the correlation of Schisandrae Fructus (SF), intermediate, and finished products of Wuweizi Syrup. Methods: The HPLC method was used with the condition that the column was ACE5-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); The mobile phase was eluted with gradient by acetonitrile-water; The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; The column temperature was 30℃; The detection wavelength was set at 218 nm. Results: The content was determined and the fingerprint was established for SF from Changbai Mountain, intermediate, and finished products of Wuweizi Syrup; Eighteen common peaks of SF and 12 common peaks in intermediate and finished products of Wuweizi Syrup were marked. The chemical composition and content in ten batches of SF from Changbai Mountain were stability; The similarity from the same manufacturer, but different batches of the intermediate and finished product is greater; The correlation between medicinal materials and intermediates as well as finished products is better. Conclusion: The established fingerprints have better reproducibility, which can be used for the quality control of Wuweizi syrup with good precision, accuracy, and reproducibility.
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Objective: To optimaize the ethanol extraction technique for Schisandrae Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix and confirm the optimum extraction process parameters by multi index comprehensive weighted score evaluation. Methods: Alone and mixed extraction was carried out by using 90%, 70%, and 50% ethanol relux extraction. Orthogonal test method was uesd to optimize the process with ethanol concentration, solvent ratio, extraction time, and extraction times as detecting factors and schisandrin, schisantherrin A, deoxyschisandrin, schisandrin B, Tanshinone IIA, and salvianolic acid B as examining indexes, the detection was carried out by HPLC and DAD detector. The data were analyzed by multi index comprehensive weighted score evaluation. Results: The effective composition contents of mixed extract from Schisandrae Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix were more than alone extracting. The best extraction conditions were solvent ratio of 1:8 with 90% ethanol reflux extraction for three times, and 1.5 h each time. Conclusion: The mixed extracting is simple and appropriate, the extraction yield of active ingredients by mixed extracting is more than alone extracting. Different materials with different wavelength can effectively eliminate the interference at the same time, the accuracy is higher.
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Objective: To provide the scientific basis for the research and clinical application of "the processed Schisandrae Fructus as a tonic" through comparing the effects of raw, vinegar steaming and wine steaming Schisandrae Fructus on tonifying kidney-yang of mice. Methods: The kidney-yang deficiency mouse model was established by adenine. With Fugui Dihuang Pill as positive control drug, the effects of raw and differently processed Schisandrae Fructus on kidney-yang deficiency mice were compared regarding by the contents of serum cortisol, testosterone, creatinine, the viscera indexes of seminal vesicle, testicle, and the pathological sections of testis and kidney. Results: The raw and differently processed Schisandrae Fructus had certain therapeutic effects on kidney-yang deficiency mice, such as meliorating the hormonal condition and raising the viscera index of kidney-yang deficiency mice. In terms of therapeutic effects, the wine steaming Schisandrae Fructus was the best among the different kinds of Schisandrae Fructus, and the mid-dose was better than others. Conclusion: Both of the processing methods and dosages of Schisandrae Fructus will affect the therapeutic action on kidney-yang deficiency. The wine steaming Schisandrae Fructus is preferred in the treatment for kidney-yang deficiency, and the dosage should be paid attention to.