Analysis on Application and Funding Situation of General，Young Scholar and Regional Scholar Programs from NSFC in Field of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in 2023 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By combing the application and funding situation of general， young scholar and regional scholar programs from National Natural Science Foundation of China（NSFC） in field of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in 2023， this paper summarizes the distribution of supporting units， application and funding hotspots， and the problems of application and funding projects in this discipline， in order to provide a reference for applicants and supporting organizations to understand the hotspot dynamics and reporting requirements of the discipline. In 2023， the discipline of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine received a total of 2 793 applications， and there were 1 254 applications for general programs， 1 278 applications for young scholar programs， and 261 applications for regional scholar programs. The amounts of project funding obtained by the three were 145， 164 and 35， respectively， and the funding rates were 11.56%， 12.83% and 13.41% in that order. From the situation of obtaining funding， the age distribution of the project leaders who obtained funding for the general， young scholar and regional scholar programs were mainly distributed in the age of 40-46， 30-34， 38-44 years， respectively. Within the supported programs， the Chinese medicine affiliations accounted for 55.52%. With respect to research subjects， the proportion of one single Chinese herbs， or monomers， or extracts accounted for 29.4%， but the proportion of Chinese herb pairs or prescriptions accounted for 47.1%. Research hotspots included ferroptosis， bile acid metabolism， macrophages， mitochondria， microglia， exosomes， intestinal flora， microecology and so on. The current research mainly focused on the common key problems of the advantageous diseases of Chinese and western integrative medicine， but still need to be improved in the basic theories of Chinese and western medicine and multidisciplinary cross-disciplinary research.

Como indexar una revista científica usando WordPress en Google Scholar

Los avances científicos han facilitado la difusión del conocimiento, encontrándose los más recientes hallazgos rápidamente en Internet, esto ha producido la migración de las revistas desde lo impreso a lo digital, pero este proceso no siempre se realiza adecuadamente, por lo que actualmente existen revistas, y en consecuencia sus publicaciones, que no se logran encontrar en los buscadores académicos, lo que se debe al uso de los softwares inadecuados o en su defecto a una mala configuración de los que se han implementado. En esta línea la recomendación es usar Open Journal System, un software diseñado para la publicación científica, pero varias revistas usan gestores de contenido como WordPress, por su facilidad de implementación y personalización aun cuando estos presenten limitaciones en el aspecto editorial. A continuación, se expone un método para la correcta indexación de revistas confeccionadas en WordPress en el buscador Google Scholar.

Scientific advances have facilitated the dissemination of knowledge, and the latest discoveries can be easily found on the Internet. This has produced the migration of journals from print to digital; however, this process is not always done properly since there are journals, and consequently their publications, which are not currently found in academic search engines due to the inappropriate use of software or otherwise to a misconfiguration of those that have been implemented. In this line, the recommendation is to use Open Journal System, a software designed for scientific publication; on the other hand, several journals use content manager systems such as WordPress because of its easy implementation and customization even when they present editorial constrains. The following is a method for the correct indexing of journals created in WordPress in the Google Scholar search engine.

Las limitaciones de Scopus como fuente de indicadores: Buscando una visibilidad integral para revistas argentinas en ciencias sociales / Limitations of Scopus as a source of indicators: In search for a more comprehensive understanding of the visibility of Argentinian social science journals

Resumen En este trabajo se avanza en la definición de un conjunto de indicadores para medir la visibilidad de las revistas científicas de ciencias sociales de manera integral. Para esto, se considera el uso de fuentes diversas que permitan conocer la citación, la accesibilidad y los alcances de las publicaciones. Se toman como muestra 11 revistas de ciencias sociales editadas en Argentina incluidas en el SCImago Journal & Country Rank. Se analizan sus posiciones en el ranking y el número de citas de esta base y se lo compara con datos recogidos en Google Scholar utilizando la herramienta Publish or Perish. Además, se sistematiza información acerca de su accesibilidad e indicadores de uso y métricas alternativas de sus propios portales, de SciELO, Redalyc y de la base de datos Dimensions. Se pone en evidencia la parcialidad del impacto medido desde Scopus para este grupo de revistas y se demuestra que, al combinar las fuentes, se amplían y diversifican los datos de visibilidad. Para finalizar, se proponen una serie de indicadores básicos de visibilidad integral a partir de las fuentes disponibles que permiten a los gestores de revistas ofrecer datos más certeros de la citación y usos de las revistas y sus artículos.

Abstract This work seeks proposes a group of indicators that can be used to understand the visibility of social science journals in a more comprehensive way. To this end, the use of various sources of data pertaining to citation, accessibility, and reach are considered. A sample of 11 social science journals published in Argentina and indexed in Scimago Journal & Country Rank is used. The ranking and number of citations found in Scopus are analyzed and compared against data obtained from Google Scholar using the Publish or Perish tool. In addition, data regarding the accessibility and use, as well as alternative metrics, are collected from SciELO, Redalyc, and Dimensions and systematized. The analysis highlights the limited ways in which impact is measured using Scopus data and shows that, by combining data from additional sources, new dimensions of visibility are made apparent. The article concludes with a proposal for a new set of comprehensive visibility indicators that rely on freely available data and allow journal managers and editors to offer a more complete picture of the citational impact and use of their journals and articles.

Caries en primeros molares permanentes y factores asociados a esta en escolares de Acapulco / Caries in permanent first molars and associated factors with its in schoolchildren from Acapulco

Introducción: La caries es una de las enfermedades bucodentales más frecuentes y, por ser las primeras en emerger, los primeros molares permanentes son las piezas más susceptibles a esta afección. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de caries y factores asociados a esta en los primeros molares permanentes en escolares de segundo grado de primaria. Métodos: Estudio transversal, en estudiantes de segundo grado en 17 de 67 escuelas públicas de Acapulco, Guerrero. Un cuestionario autoadministrado se utilizó para obtener datos sociodemográficos y hábitos de higiene dental. La caries y la presencia de placa dentobacteriana se midieron a través de índices epidemiológicos, el CPOD (diente cariado, obturado y perdido) y el O'Leary. Se estimó la razón de momios e intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento, ajustada por conglomerado, como medida de la fuerza de asociación mediante análisis multivariado. Resultados: Se revisaron 3332 primeros molares permanentes, el 21 por ciento tuvo caries, el 6 por ciento tuvo obturaciones y el 1 por ciento ya se había extraído. El índice CPOD de caries grupal fue 0,27. Cinco factores estuvieron asociados a la caries de los primeros molares permanentes: higiene dental deficiente (RMa = 2,87), técnica de cepillado dental inadecuada (RMa = 1,70), tomar alguna bebida dulce antes de ir a dormir (RMa = 1,68), visitar al dentista (RMa = 0,67) y aplicación de flúor (RMa = 0,61). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de caries en los primeros molares permanentes fue 21 por ciento dentro del rango reportado en otros estudios. Fueron identificados cinco factores asociados a la caries: higiene dental deficiente, técnica de cepillado inadecuado, consumo de azúcares antes de dormir, visitas al dentista y aplicación de flúor. Estos factores orientan sobre qué medidas preventivas se deben promover en los escolares para la preservación de sus piezas dentales(AU)

Introduction: Caries is the most frequent oral disease and the first permanent molars are very susceptible to this condition because they are the first teeth to emerge. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of caries its associated factors in the first permanent molars in second grade primary school children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in second grade students in 17 out of 67primary public schools in Acapulco, Guerrero. We applied a self-administered questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic data and dental hygiene habits. Caries and the presence of dentobacterial plaque were measured through epidemiological indices, CPOD (decayed, blocked and lost tooth) and O'Leary index. The odds ratio and 95 percent confidence interval, adjusted by cluster, were estimated as a measure of strength of association through multivariate analysis. Results: We reviewed 3 332 permanent first molars, 21 percent had cavities, 6 percent had seals and 1 percent had already been removed. The CPOD index of group caries was 0,27. We found five factors associated with caries of the first permanent molars: deficient dental hygiene (RMa=2,87), inadequate tooth brushing technique (RMa=1,70), drinking a sweet drink before bedtime (RMa=1,68), visiting the dentist (RMa=0,67) and fluoride application (RMa=0,61). Conclusions: Prevalence of caries in the first permanent molars was 21 percent, within the range reported in other studies. Five factors associated with caries were identified: poor dental hygiene, inadequate brushing technique, consumption of sugars before going to sleep, visits to the dentist and application of fluoride. These factors guide what preventive measures should be promoted in schoolchildren for the preservation of their teeth(AU)

Queixa escolar: uma análise dos encaminhamentos de alunos aos serviços de saúde / School complaint: an analysis of the referrals of students to health services / Queja escolar: un análisis de los encaminamientos de alumnos a los servicios de salud

Fundamentada na perspectiva da psicologia escolar e educacional crítica, a presente pesquisa, realizada em um município baiano, objetivou conhecer as concepções de educadores e psicólogos sobre o encaminhamento das crianças com queixa escolar para serviços de saúde e investigar as modalidades de atendimento a esse fenômeno. De caráter qualitativo e exploratório, foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, aplicada de forma individual, totalizando 12 participantes, cujas respostas foram organizadas em categorias temáticas relacionadas aos objetivos da pesquisa. Nas entrevistas, prevaleceu a concepção de que questões de ordem educacional e também familiares/sociais justificam os problemas de escolarização das crianças, cujo encaminhamento aos serviços de saúde tem sido a alternativa possível, mas não a ideal para avaliação e intervenção. Espera-se que os referidos achados suscitem novos estudos sobre o tema investigado, especialmente no município em questão, que favoreça o fortalecimento dos pressupostos da psicologia escolar/educacional crítica no meio acadêmico. Ressalta-se ainda a necessidade de fomentar essa discussão de forma intersetorial na rede municipal de educação e saúde, problematizando a compreensão e atendimento às queixas escolares, e que se possam produzir práticas psicológicas e educativas críticas e emancipadoras.

Deemed on the Psychology Schooling and Education perspective, this study was carried out in a city located in Bahia. The Study aimed to understand the conceptions of the Psycologists and Educators about the routing of children with scholar complain to health services and this study also purposed to assess the treatment models related to this phenomenon. From a qualitative and exploratory nature, semi structered interviews were conceded individually with 12 subjects, whose responses were organized into thematical categories related to the objectives of the present research. The data from interviews showed that a comprehension concept about educational and social/family issues justifies the children scholarization problems and the routing to health devices is seen as a possible alternative although this isn't the best evaluation nor intervention. It is expected that the data found here might entail other studies about the problem that was investigated on this paper and it's also expected that this study strenghs the Psychology Schooling and Education assumptions at academic level. It is necessary to emphasize the need to promote this discussion intersectorally in the municipal network, problematizing the understanding and attendance to scholar complain in order to promote, critical and emancipatory pschological practices.

Fundada en la perspectiva de la psicología educativa/escolar crítica, la presente investigación, realizada en una ciudad de Bahia, objetivó conocer las concepciones de educadores y psicólogos sobre el encaminamiento de los niños con queja escolar para servicios de salud e investigar las modalidades de atención a ese fenómeno. De carácter cualitativo y exploratorio, se realizaron encuestas con educadoras y psicólogas, totalizando 12 participantes cuyas respuestas fueron organizadas en categorías temáticas relacionadas a los objetivos de la investigación. En las entrevistas, prevaleció la concepción de que cuestiones de orden educacional y también familiares/sociales justifican los problemas de escolarización de los niños, cuyo encaminamiento a los servicios de salud ha sido la alternativa posible, pero no la ideal para evaluación e intervención. Se espera que estos hallazgos susciten nuevos estudios sobre el tema investigado, especialmente en el municipio en cuestión, que favorezca el fortalecimiento de los presupuestos de la psicología escolar / educativa crítica en el medio académico. Se resalta la necesidad de fomentar esa discusión de forma intersectorial en las escuelas públicas municipales, problematizando la comprensión y atención a las quejas escolares, y que se puedan producir prácticas psicológicas y educativas críticas y emancipadoras.

Producción científica de los profesores de la Maestría en Investigación en Aterosclerosis / Scientific production of professors from the Atherosclerosis Research Master's Degree program

Próximo a la acreditación del proceso docente, y con la particularidad de contar con un claustro de profesores de diferentes instituciones, el Centro de Investigaciones y Referencias de Aterosclerosis de La Habana evaluó su producción científica. La presente investigación se propuso caracterizar la producción científica de los profesores de la Maestría en Investigación en Aterosclerosis de las tres últimas ediciones en el período 2014-2018. Para esto, se realizó un estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se empleó el Google Académico y la sección de libros de Infomed para acceder a las publicaciones de los profesores. Se evaluó la actividad de la producción científica, la colaboración lograda y el impacto alcanzado. Se encontraron 326 publicaciones. El año 2015 fue el más productivo y los artículos de revistas resultaron el tipo de documento más publicado. Un total de 13 docentes fueron los grandes productores. De los trabajos publicados, 2/3 se encontraron en 57 revistas diferentes. El 84 por ciento de los artículos fue escrito por más de un autor; en el 20 por ciento participaron alumnos y profesores; el 42 por ciento fue liderado por nuestro claustro y el 49 por ciento fue citado por parte del resto de la comunidad científica. Un único trabajo se valoró de excelencia. El índice de inmediatez fue de 0,2 y el índice h fue 16. Se conformaron 16 índices bibliográficos. La producción científica del claustro resulta ser amplia, algo dispersa, abarcadora de los temas de la Maestría, la cual está caracterizada por la disminución de las publicaciones, la no declaración de la institución y la falta de uniformidad de los nombres de los autores. El impacto está presente en pocas publicaciones. Se evidencia la capacidad del claustro para publicar, básicamente en revistas de alto impacto. Se revela la colaboración existente entre los autores(AU)

Soon to receive accreditation of its teaching process, and with the distinguishing feature of gathering professors from various institutions, the Center for Atherosclerosis Research and Reference in Havana has carried out an evaluation of its scientific production. The purpose of the evaluation was to characterize the scientific production of professors from the Atherosclerosis Research Master's Degree program in its last three editions (2014-2018). To achieve such an end, a retrospective descriptive bibliometric study was conducted. Use was made of Google Scholar and the Infomed book section to access the publications contributed by professors. The evaluation covered scientific production, collaboration obtained and impact achieved. A total 326 publications were found. The year 2015 was the most productive, and journal papers were the most commonly published document type. A total 13 teachers were the most prolific authors. Of the papers published, 2/3 were found in 57 different journals. 84 percent of the papers were written by more than one author, students and teachers participated in 20 percent, 42 percent were headed by members of our faculty, and 49 percent were cited by part of the rest of the scientific community. A single paper was ranked as excellent. Immediacy index was 0.2, whereas h index was 16. Sixteen bibliographic indices were formed. Scientific production by the faculty was found to be abundant, somewhat dispersed, covering the topics in the master's degree program, which is characterized by a reduction in the number of publications, the non-declaration of the institution and the non-uniformity in authors' names. Impact is present in few publications. Evidence was found of the faculty's capacity to publish, basically in high-impact journals. The collaboration existing between authors was also revealed(AU)

Arranjos familiares e desempenho escolar de alunos do 5º e 9º anos no Brasil em 2015 / Family arrangements and school performance of 5th and 9th year students in Brazil in 2015 / Acuerdos familiares y rendimiento escolar de estudiantes de quinto y noveno año en Brasil en 2015

Os arranjos familiares têm se transformado a partir de diversos processos dinâmicos, como a redução da fecundidade, a emancipação da mulher e sua consequente inserção no mercado de trabalho, o aumento do número de divórcios e a ampliação da expectativa de vida. Essas transformações levaram a uma diminuição do tamanho das famílias e diversificação de sua composição. Diante do surgimento de novas estruturas familiares decorrentes da dinâmica social, este estudo analisa a relação dos arranjos familiares com o desempenho escolar dos alunos do 5º e 9º anos de escolas públicas no Brasil em 2015, a partir dos dados da Prova Brasil. A nota de matemática foi utilizada como medida de desempenho e os efeitos da família foram avaliados a partir da modelagem hierárquica dos dados. Os resultados demonstram pouco efeito dos arranjos familiares sobre a proficiência média em matemática, evidenciando que outros elementos e mediadores relacionados aos resultados escolares, tais como status socioeconômico, trajetória do aluno, hábitos escolares individuais e ambiente da escola, apresentam maior relação com o desempenho escolar do que a composição do arranjo por si só.

Family arrangments have experienced several changes due to dynamic processes, such as reduction of fertility, emancipation of women and their consequent insertion in the labor market, increase in the number of divorces and life expectancy. These changes led to a reduction in the size of families and a diversification of their composition. Given the emergence of new family structures and the changes resulting from social dynamics, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between family arrangements and school performance of 5th and 9th grade students in public schools in Brazil in 2015, with data from Prova Brasil. Math scores were used as a measure of performance and the effects of the family were evaluated using hierarchical modeling of the data. The results showed a small effect of family arrangements on average mathematics proficiency but revealed other elements and mediators related to school results, such as socioeconomic status, student trajectory, individual school habits and the school environment, had a stronger connection with school performance than the composition of the arrangement itself.

Los arreglos familiares se han visto transformados por diversos procesos dinámicos como la reducción de la fecundidad, la emancipación de la mujer y su consecuente inserción en el mercado laboral, el aumento del número de divorcios y de la esperanza de vida. Estos cambios llevaron a una disminución del tamaño de las familias y a una diversificación de su composición. Frente, entonces, al surgimiento de nuevas estructuras familiares y a los cambios resultantes de la dinámica social, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación de los arreglos familiares con el desempeño escolar de los estudiantes de quinto y noveno grado de las escuelas públicas de Brasil en 2015, a partir de los datos de Prova Brasil. La puntuación de Matemáticas se utilizó como medida de rendimiento y los efectos de la familia se evaluaron mediante un modelo jerárquico de los datos. Los resultados mostraron poco efecto de los arreglos familiares sobre la competencia promedio en Matemáticas y evidenciaron que otros elementos y mediadores relacionados con los resultados escolares, como el nivel socioeconómico, la trayectoria del estudiante, los hábitos escolares individuales y el entorno escolar, presentaban una mayor relación con el rendimiento escolar que la composición del arreglo en sí.

Revistas Publindex de Ciencias Naturales: retos y perspectivas desde la bibliometría / Publindex Natural Sciences Magazines: challenges and perspectives from bibliometrics

Resumen Objetivo. Describir el comportamiento de las revistas de Ciencias Naturales indexadas en Publindex (2004-2020). Método. Se analizó un total de 68 revistas de Ciencias Naturales registradas en Publindex a través de la información registrada en bases de datos como Publindex y Google académico usando Harzing's Publish or Perish (POP) en una búsqueda combinada de título de la revista e ISSN. Las mediciones principales usadas fueron: indicadores de producción (# publicaciones, publicaciones por año e índice de productividad), citación (Índice H, Índice G, Índice E, Índice HC e Índice H5), informetría (concurrencia de palabras, clúster de palabras con mayor concurrencia (30)). Además, en lo relacionado con Publindex se identificaron revistas por área de conocimiento, por institución editora, categorización por año y perspectiva desde la fase 3 para la próxima medición. Resultados. En el índice bibliográfico nacional (IBN) hay 68 revistas en Ciencias Naturales, la mayor concentración se encuentra en el área de conocimiento Ciencias de la Tierra y Medioambientales (24%) y Ciencias biológicas (21%). Entre 2004 y 2014 se registró un promedio anual de 54 revistas categorizadas en el IBN, con el nuevo modelo de clasificación el promedio bajo a 19 por año entre 2017-2020. Las revistas que concentran la mayor cantidad de publicaciones en el total general son Revista Colombiana de Física (6,5%), Acta Biológica Colombiana (6,3%) y Revista Colombiana De Entomología (6,2%). Las revistas con el índice h más alto son Caldasia (H=43), Revista de La Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas y Físicas y Naturales (H=37). Luego de la simulación para los resultados de la Convocatoria Publindex 2020 en la fase 3, las categorías que registran aumento son A1 del (9%) y C (14%). Conclusiones. El 37% de las revistas en Ciencias Naturales tienen alta posibilidad de ser categorizadas en el IBN 2020. Se registra un descenso en la cantidad de publicaciones de las revistas y en las citas desde 2017 y 2018 respectivamente. Las revistas NOVA, Acta Biológica Colombiana, Biota Colombiana, Revista Lasallista de Investigación, Revista de La Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales y Caldasia registran los índices bibliométricos (H, G, HC, D) más altos, además, están categorizadas y proyectan seguirlo en 2020.

Abstract Objective. To describe the behavior of the Natural Sciences journals indexed in Publindex (2004-2020). Methods. A total of 68 Natural Science journals registered in Publindex were analyzed through information registered in databases such as Publindex and Google academic using Harzing's Publish or Perish (POP) in a combined search of journal title and ISSN. The main measures used were: production indicators (# publications, publications per year and productivity index), citation (H index, G index, E index, HC index and H5 index), reporttry (word concurrence, cluster of words with highest concurrence (30)). In addition, in relation to Publindex, journals were identified by area of knowledge, by publishing institution, categorization by year and perspective from phase 3 for the next measurement. Results. In the national bibliographic index (IBN) there are 68 journals in Natural Sciences, the highest concentration is in the knowledge area of Earth and Environmental Sciences (24%) and Biological Sciences (21%). Between 2004 and 2014, an annual average of 54 journals categorized in the IBN was registered, with the new classification model the average being below 19 per year between 2017-2020. The journals that concentrate the greatest number of publications in the general total are Revista Colombiana de Física (6.5%), Acta Biológica Colombiana (6.3%) and Revista Colombiana De Entomología (6.2%). The journals with the highest h index are Caldasia (H=43), Revista de La Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas y Físicas y Naturales (H=37). After the simulation for the results of the Call Publindex 2020 in phase 3, the categories that register an increase are A1 (9%) and C (14%). Conclusions. 37% of the journals in Natural Sciences have a high possibility of being categorized in the IBN 2020. There is a decrease in the number of journal publications and citations since 2017 and 2018 respectively. The journals NOVA, Acta Biológica Colombiana, Biota Colombiana, Revista Lasallista de Investigación, Revista de La Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales and Caldasia register the highest bibliometric indices (H, G, HC, D), besides, they are categorized and plan to follow it in 2020.

A Inclusão escolar de alunos multiculturais a partir da percepção dos pais / The school inclusion of multicultural students from parental perception / La inclusión escolar de alumnos multiculturales a partir de la percepción de los padres

Neste estudo exploratório foi investigada a experiência escolar de crianças e adolescentes multiculturais. Participaram pais e mães de 39 estudantes de ensino fundamental que já haviam vivido em outros países e residiam no Brasil. Por meio de um questionário com 27 questões foi analisado o processo de inclusão escolar dos estudantes multiculturais considerando tempo de estudo, tipo de escola, desempenho escolar, relação com professores e colegas, transição, aceleração e reprovação. O idioma de ensino foi destacado pelos pais como vantagem, quando se mantém desde a escola anterior, e como desafio, quando é diferente. Programas de formação em segunda língua, oferecidos complementarmente ao currículo regular, facilitam a inclusão desses alunos. A adequação entre ano letivo, currículo, idade e série é um imbróglio enfrentado no processo de transição de diferentes países que demanda acompanhamento da família e dos docentes e que se sujeita à flexilibilidade da instuição escolar. Observou-se a importância do clima escolar, que envolve o compartilhamento de expectativas, políticas e medidas práticas, e impacta o acolhimento, a formação de laços sociais e o desempenho acadêmico dos alunos multiculturais. Salienta-se a necessidade de políticas pedagógicas governamentais para a inclusão de alunos de origem estrangeira para garantir os princípios básicos de uma educação de qualidade.

This exploratory study investigated the school experience of multicultural children and adolescents. The participants were parents of 39 primary school students who had lived in other countries and were then living in Brazil. Through a questionnaire with 27 questions the process of school inclusion of the multicultural students was analyzed considering lenght of study, type of school, school performance, relationship with teachers and peers, transition, acceleration and school failure. The school's language was highlighted by parents as an advantage, when it was the same from the previous school, and as a challenge, when it was different. Second-language training programs, offered in addition to the regular curriculum, facilitate the inclusion of these students. The process of matching school year, curriculum, age and grade is a problem faced in the process of transition between different countries that demands follow-up of family and teachers alike and which depends on the flexibility of the school. It was observed the importance of the school climate, which involves the sharing of expectations, policies and practical measures, and impacts the reception, the formation of social bonds and the academic performance of multicultural students. It is highlighted the need for governmental pedagogical policies for the inclusion of foreign students to guarantee the basic principles of a quality education.

En este estudio exploratorio se investigó la experiencia escolar de niños y adolescentes multiculturales. Padres y madres de 39 estudiantes de enseñanza fundamental, que ya habían vivido en otros países y residían en Brasil participaron de la investigación. Por medio de un cuestionario con 27 preguntas se analizó el proceso de inclusión escolar de los estudiantes multiculturales considerando tiempo de estudio, tipo de escuela, desempeño escolar, relación con profesores y colegas, transición, aceleración y reprobación. El idioma de enseñanza fue destacado por los padres, como ventaja, cuando se mantiene desde la escuela anterior, y como desafío, cuando es diferente. Los programas de formación en segunda lengua, ofrecidos complementariamente al currículo regular, facilitan la inclusión de los alumnos. La adecuación entre el año escolar, el currículo, la edad y la serie es un imbróglio enfrentado en el proceso de transición de diferentes países que exigen acompañamiento de la familia y de los docentes y que depende de la flexibilidad de la enseñanza escolar. Se observó la importancia del clima escolar, que implica el compartir las expectativas, políticas y medidas prácticas; e impacta la acogida, la formación de lazos sociales y el desempeño académico de los alumnos multiculturales. Se destaca la necesidad de políticas pedagógicas gubernamentales para la inclusión de alumnos de origen extranjero, garantizando los principios básicos de una educación de calidad.

Gestión de la identidad digital del investigador y su efecto en el ranking webométrico de una universidad amazónica peruana / Management of the digital identity of researchers and its effect on the webometrics ranking of a Peruvian Amazon university

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la variación de la posición de una universidad amazónica peruana en el ranking Webometrics luego de aplicar un modelo de gestión de la identidad digital del investigador. Para esto se realizó un estudio pre-experimental, de corte longitudinal, a 120 docentes de la universidad, a los que se capacitó para mejorar sus habilidades en gestión de la identidad digital y publicación de artículos científicos. Luego se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta para determinar el nivel de logro de esas habilidades. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, el 26,7 y el 73,3 por ciento de los docentes lograron habilidades altas y regulares en gestión de la identidad digital del investigador; se ha logrado desarrollar habilidades para la publicación de artículos científicos con correcta filiación institucional y en enero del año 2019 la universidad pasó del puesto 64 al 46 en el ranking. La variación ha sido positiva, ya que la universidad ha mejorado su posición en el ranking Webometrics(AU)

The objective was to evaluate the variation of the position of a Peruvian amazonian university in the Webometrics ranking after applying a model for researcher's digital identity management. For this, we carried out a pre-experimental, longitudinal study with 120 university professors trained to improve their skills in digital identity management and papers publication. We designated an applied a survey to determine the level of achievement of those skills. According to the results obtained, 26.7 percent and 73.3 percent of the professors achieved high and regular skills in managing the researcher's digital identity. It has been possible to develop skills for papers publication with correct institutional affiliation and in January 2019, the university went from position 64 to 46 in the ranking. The variation has been positive, as the university has improved its position in the Webometrics ranking(AU)

Percepções de graduandos de psicologia acerca do trabalho do psicólogo escolar e educacional / Perceptions of undergraduate psychology students about educational psychologists' work / Percepción de estudiantes de graduación en psicología acerca del trabajo del psicólogo escolar y educacional

O objetivo desta pesquisa é apreender as percepções e expectativas de estudantes de graduação em psicologia acerca da psicologia escolar e das possibilidades de intervenção de psicólogos na educação. Participaram da pesquisa 48 graduandos de psicologia de instituições de ensino superior públicas e privadas. Foram aplicados um questionário sociodemográfico e uma entrevista semiestruturada que foi registrada por meio de um gravador de voz e posteriormente analisada conforme as diretrizes apresentadas no método de Bardin. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferenças nos argumentos utilizados entre os estudantes de psicologia que haviam cursado disciplinas do campo da psicologia escolar e Educacional e aqueles que ainda não haviam cursado tais disciplinas, o que indica que uma formação que contemple disciplinas desse campo pode favorecer uma maior apropriação teórica e metodológica acerca das especificidades dessa área e das possibilidades de atuação do psicólogo na educação, em especial, seu compromisso com processos de aprendizado e desenvolvimento humano...(AU)

This study records perceptions and expectations of psychology degree students about Scholar Psychology and the possibilities of psychologist actions in Education. The sample included 48 undergraduate Psychology students of Public and Private Higher Education Institutions. A socio-demographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview recorded via voice recorder were applied then analyzed according to the guidelines presented in Bardin's method. The results showed that there were differences in arguments used among psychology students who had taken disciplines of Scholar and Educational Psychology field and those who had not yet studied such disciplines, which indicates that training including disciplines of this field can foster greater theoretical and methodological appropriation of particularities of this area and psychologists' possibilities of acting in education, especially regarding commitment to learning and human development processes...(AU)

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las percepciones y expectativas de los estudiantes de graduación en Psicología acerca de la Psicología Escolar y de las posibilidades de intervención de psicólogos en la Educación. Participaron en el estudio 48 estudiantes de Psicología de Instituciones de Enseñanza Superior Públicas y Privadas. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y una entrevista semiestructurada, que se ha registrado por medio de una grabadora de voz para posteriormente evaluarla según las directrices presentadas en Bardin. Los resultados mostraron que hubo diferencias en los argumentos utilizados entre los estudiantes de psicología que habían cursado asignaturas del campo de la Psicología Escolar y Educacional y aquellos que aún no las habían cursado, lo que indica que una formación que contemple asignaturas de este campo puede favorecer una mayor apropiación teórica y metodológica acerca de las especificidades de esa área y de las posibilidades de actuación del psicólogo en la educación, sobre todo, en su compromiso con procesos de aprendizaje y desarrollo humano...(AU)

Characteristics of American Scholars' Research on Chinese Medical Classics and Their Contributions / 中国结合医学杂志

Chinese medical classics are important carriers for the inheritance, innovation and development of academic thoughts of Chinese medicine (CM), containing rich thoughts on diagnosis and treatment as well as therapeutic principles of CM. The international exchange of CM has a very long history. With the development of society, Western scholars in modern times are deepening their researches on Chinese medical classics. This would provide a new way for promoting CM in Western countries to investigate researches made by famed American scholars and their academic viewpoints.

Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do School Companion Sensory Profile 2 para crianças brasileiras / Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the School Companion Sensory Profile 2 for Brazilian children

Avaliar os padrões de disfunção sensorial através de instrumentos que possam mensurar os resultados é de extrema importância para a avaliação e a elaboração do plano terapêutico com ações e estratégias de intervenção, tanto no contexto clínico como domiciliar e escolar. Estudos para tradução e validação cultural dos instrumentos são essenciais e cada vez mais difundidos no campo da terapia ocupacional, para que os profissionais possam incorporar em sua avaliação instrumentos confiáveis que possam mensurar os resultados da intervenção e que estejam adequados ao público-alvo. Este é um estudo metodológico, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, que teve como objetivo descrever o processo de tradução, adaptação cultural e validação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento School Companion Sensory Profile 2 (SCSP 2) para crianças brasileiras. A pesquisa foi realizada em escolas públicas e particulares de Franca/ SP e conduzida no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa de Terapia Ocupacional na Infância e Adolescência (LEPTOI) da Universidade de São Paulo. A amostra total incluiu 74 professores de crianças e adolescentes de 3 a 14 anos e 11 meses, que responderam ao questionário referente a 146 crianças. Método: A versão em português para o Brasil foi obtida através de duas etapas principais: a primeira consistiu do processo de tradução, retrotradução e estudo de validade de face; na segunda etapa, foram realizados estudos psicométricos por meio da consistência interna, fidedignidade teste-reteste, análise fatorial confirmatória, e análise de pontos de corte de escores. Para a primeira etapa, os resultados revelaram que, a partir da validade de face, houve adequação semântica e compreensibilidade do instrumento por parte dos respondentes. Para a segunda etapa, o software STATA auxiliou nas análises, e o SCSP 2 apresentou consistência interna total > 0.96, mas quando analisado por áreas sensoriais a consistência foi entre 0.7 e 0.9 para todas as áreas com exceção da área comportamental. Os quadrantes "procura sensorial" e "sensibilidade sensorial" apresentaram a média dos valores de alfa de 0.8 e os quadrantes "evita sensorial" e "registro sensorial" apresentaram a média dos valores de alfa de 0.9. Os fatores escolares apresentaram a média dos valores de alfa de 0.9, com exceção do fator 2 que apresentou a média de 0.8. Sobre o teste-reteste, houve alta concordância com valor de Kappa ponderado na categoria quase perfeita. Entretanto, a análise fatorial não confirma a estrutura atual desse instrumento. A rotação da matriz mostrou que itens poderiam ser alocados em domínios diferentes aos que pertencem originalmente, mostrando correlações distintas entre os itens e dimensões. Os pontos de corte dos escores brasileiros foram pouco diferentes dos americanos. Algumas questões a serem exploradas são em relação à equivalência da estrutura do instrumento, a equivalência das cargas, a quantidade de itens, a covariância entre os fatores do instrumento e os erros de medida. Estudos futuros poderão verificar a validade e confiabilidade do SCSP 2 entre diferentes populações com uso de instrumentos que possam avaliar o mesmo constructo, observando validades convergentes e discriminantes.

Assessing patterns of sensory dysfunction through instruments that can also measure the results is of extremely importance for the evaluation and development of the therapeutic plan with intervention actions and strategies, both in the clinical, family and school contexts. Studies of translation and cultural validation of instruments are essential and are being increasingly widespread in the field of Occupational Therapy in a way that professionals can incorporate in their assessments reliable instruments that can also measure the results of the intervention and that are suitable for the target audience. This is a methodological, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, which aimed to describe the process of translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the psychometric properties of the School Companion Sensory Profile 2 (SCSP 2) for Brazilian children. The research was carried out in public and private schools in Franca/SP and conducted at the Teaching and Research Laboratory of Occupational Therapy in Childhood and Adolescence (LEPTOI) at the University of São Paulo. The total sample included 74 teachers of children and adolescents aged 3 to 14 years and 11 months, who answered the questionnaire about 146 children. Method: The Portuguese version for Brazil was obtained through two main steps: the first consisted of the translation process, back-translation, content validity study and pre-test phase in a pilot study. In the second step, psychometric studies were carried out using internal consistency, test- retest reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, and analysis of cut-off points for scores. First stage results revealed that, from the face validity, there was semantic adequacy and comprehensibility of both instruments by the respondents. The STATA software aided in the analysis in the second stage, in which the SCSP 2 showed total internal consistency > 0.96, but when analyzed by sensory areas, the consistency was between 0.7 and 0.9 for all areas except the behavioral area. The quadrants "sensory seeking" and "sensory sensitivity" presented the average of the alpha values of 0.8 and the quadrants "sensory avoidance" and "sensory registration" had the average of the alpha values of 0.9. School factors had an average of alpha values of 0.9, with the exception of factor 2, which had an average of 0.8. Regarding the test-retest for both instruments, there was a high level of agreement with the weighted Kappa value in the almost perfect category. However, factor analysis does not confirm the current structure of this instrument. The matrix rotation showed that items could be allocated in different domains to those they originally belong, showing distinct correlations between the items and dimensions. The cut-off points for Brazilian scores were slightly different when compared with the American scores. Some questions to be explored are in relation to the equivalence of the instrument's structure, the equivalence of the loads, the number of items, the covariance between the factors of the instrument and the measurement errors. Future studies will be able to verify the validity and reliability of SCSP 2 among different populations using instruments that can assess the same construct, observing convergent and discriminating validities.

Screening version of Bender test to the assessment of school performance / Versão de rastreio do teste de bender para avaliar o desempenho escolar / Versión de rastreo del test bender para la evaluación del rendimiento escolar

This investigation's objective was to search for evidence of criterion validity for the screening version of Bender's Graded Punctuation System test through school performance. The subjects of the research were 333 children, aged between 6 and 10 (M = 8.39; SD = 1.37), enrolled between the first and fifth grade. Through Anova, it was verified that the three figures in this version were able to differentiate the group of children with low school performance, indicating that they committed more distortion errors when reproducing the figures. The Pearson coefficient showed significant correlations between the screening version and the Portuguese and mathematics classes, which indicated that well-developed percept motor maturity tends to be a facilitator to consolidate the contents proposed in Elementary School I. In conclusion, it is suggested that the screening version is a measure with the potential to assess possible learning difficulties.

O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar evidências de validade de critério para a versão de rastreio do teste de Bender - Sistema de Pontuação Gradual por meio do desempenho escolar. Participaram 333 crianças, com idades entre 6 e 10 anos (M = 8,39; DP = 1,37), matriculadas entre o primeiro e o quinto ano. Por meio da Anova, verificou-se que as três figuras dessa versão foram capazes de diferenciar apenas o grupo de crianças com baixo desempenho escolar, indicando que elas cometeram mais erros de distorções. O coeficiente de Pearson apresentou correlações significativas entre a versão de rastreio e as disciplinas de português e matemática, indicando que maturidade perceptomotora bem desenvolvida tende a ser facilitadora na consolidação dos conteúdos propostos nas disciplinas do ensino fundamental I. Destarte, sugere-se que a versão de rastreio é uma medida com potencial para avaliar de possíveis dificuldade de aprendizagem.

El estudio buscó por evidencias de validez de criterio para la versión de rastreo del Test de Bender - Sistema de Puntuación Gradual por medio del desempeño escolar. Participaron 333 niños, con edades entre 6 y 10 años (M = 8,39; DP = 1,37) matriculados entre el primer y el quinto año. La prueba de Anova verificó que las tres figuras de esta versión fueron capaces de diferenciar el grupo de niños con bajo desempeño escolar, sugiriendo que estos cometen mayores errores de distorsión. El coeficiente del Pearson mostró correlaciones significativas entre la versión de rastreo y las clases de portugués y matemática. Indicando que la madurez perceptiva bien desarrollada tiende a ser facilitadora en la consolidación de los contenidos propuestos en las clases del enseño fundamental I. Siendo así, se sugiere que la versión de rastreo es una medida con potencial para la evaluación de posibles dificultades de aprendizaje.

Potenciamiento de la comunicación científica en base a sus latitudes y a los factores fundamentales de la virtud / Enhancing Scientific Communication through its Latitudes and the Fundamental Factors of Virtue

Resumen La virtud es una materia abordada desde diversas perspectivas, con inclusiones, exclusiones y repeticiones de características que le dan o anulan sentido a su esencia. Este artículo identifica los pilares que fundamentan su, analizando y contrastando diferentes aspectos encontrados en la literatura citada. Se proponen tres factores: hecho moral, carácter y voluntad, que se plantean y justifican como elementales y necesarios para que prevalezca como tal. A su vez, con base en dichos elementos de virtud, se detectaron tres latitudes: conocimiento y razón, acciones realizadas, e intencionalidad. El paralelismo entre estos factores de la virtud y latitudes de la comunicación científica puede expresarse de las siguientes maneras: (i) al factor de carácter le corresponde la latitud del conocimiento y la razón, ya que el conocimiento de la ciencia del investigador comprendería manejo de literatura, herramientas, técnicas y métodos; (ii) el hecho moral, como elemento de la virtud, da pie a la latitud de acciones realizadas en cultura científica, comprendiendo el acto investigativo en sí, el trabajo de campo, redacción de artículos y la búsqueda de espacios para la comunicación; y (iii) el elemento de la voluntad, que trae consigo la latitud de la intencionalidad, implica la inclinación e interés del investigador, ya sea motivada por su búsqueda de reconocimiento, logro personal o profesional y posibilita el logro de incentivos para continuar realizando la actividad científica.

Abstract Virtue is a subject addressed from different perspectives, with inclusions, exclusions and repetitions of characteristics that give or nullify meaning to its essence. This article identifies the pillars that support the existence of the same, analyzing and contrasting different aspects found in the cited literature. Three factors are proposed: moral fact, character and will, which are raised and justified as elementary and necessary to prevail as such. In turn, based on these elements of virtue, three latitudes were detected: knowledge and reason; actions done; and intentionality. The parallelism between these factors of virtue and latitudes of scientific communication can be expressed in the following ways: (i) the character factor corresponds to the latitude of knowledge and reason since the knowledge of the researcher's science would include handling of literature , tools, techniques and methods; (ii) the moral fact as an element of virtue, gives rise to the latitude of actions carried out in scientific culture, including the investigative act itself, the fieldwork, the writing of articles, and the search for spaces for communication; and (iii) the element of the will, which brings with it the latitude of intentionality, implies the inclination and interest of the researcher, whether motivated by his search for recognition, personal or professional achievement and enables the achievement of incentives to continue carrying out the scientific activity.

Estudo das causas de cegueira e baixa de visão em uma escola para deficientes visuais na cidade de Bauru / The study of the causes of blindness and low vision in a school for visual disabilities in Bauru city

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as causas de cegueira dos alunos do Lar Escola Santa Luzia Para Cegos no município de Bauru, Estado de São Paulo. ambém avaliamos e discutimos o grau de inserção social dos alunos e a facilidade de acesso à saúde e locomoção dos deficientes visuais. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo prospectivo, qualitativo e quantitativo com todos os 66 alunos do Lar Escola "Santa Luzia" Para Cegos no município de Bauru. Cada pessoa com deficiência visual respondeu a questionários sobre diversos temas e foi submetido a um exame oftalmológico que constou de: anamnese, refração e acuidade visual corrigida (AV), biomicroscopia, tonometria e exame de fundo de olho. Resultados: Do total de 66 alunos da escola, 44 participaram do estudo e 22 não quiseram ou não puderam comparecer à consulta oftalmológica. 56,81% (25) do total de participantes eram homens e 43,19% (19) mulheres. Os desafios dos alunos deste estudo compreendem basicamente a locomoção com maior autonomia, além de maiores recursos disponíveis em informática e braile. As causas mais frequentes de deficiência visual no presente estudo, em ordem crescente de prevalência foram: atrofia óptica, meningite, retinocoroidite por toxoplasmose, neurite óptica, DMRI, retinopatia da prematuridade, descolamento tracional de retina, hidrocefalia, tumor ocular, glaucoma congênito, uveíte, glaucoma, retinose pigmentar, descolamento de retina regmatogênica e trauma ocular. Conclusão: Medidas governamentais e o apoio da sociedade no sentido de uma intervenção de maneira eficaz e transformadora e de valores sociais solidários em prol da pessoa com deficiência visual são imprescindíveis para a inclusão social.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the causes of blindness among students of the Lar Escola Santa Luzia Para Cegos in the city of Bauru, State of São Paulo. We also evaluated and discussed the degrees of social insertion of the students and the access to health and locomotion of the visually impaired. Methods: A prospective, qualitative and quantitative study was performed with all 66 students of the Lar Escola Santa Luzia para Cegos in the city of Bauru. Each person with visual impairment answered several questionnaires on various subjects and underwent an ophthalmologic examination consisting of: anamnesis, refraction and corrected visual acuity (VA), biomicroscopy, tonometry and fundus examination. Results: Out of the total of 66 students in the school, 44 participated in the study and 22 did not want or could not attend the ophthalmological visit. 56.81% (25) of the total participants were men and 43.19% (19) women. The students' challenges in this study basically include locomotion with greater autonomy, as well as greater resources available in computer science and Braille. The most frequent causes of visual impairment in the present study, in increasing order of prevalence were: optic atrophy, meningitis, toxoplasmosis retinocoriditis, optic neuritis, AMD, retinopathy of prematurity, tractional retinal detachment, hydrocephalus, ocular tumor, congenital glaucoma, uveitis, glaucoma, pigmentary retinitis, regmatogenic retinal detachment and ocular trauma. Conclusion: Government measures and the support of the society for effective and transformative intervention and solidarity-based social values for the visually impaired are essential for social inclusion.

Brief introduction of the academic thoughts of ' medical scholars on acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

' region is enriched in humanities and talents, in which a regional medicine school was generated, named ' medicine. The representative medical scholars have profound knowledge in acupuncture and moxibustion, such as 's theory on "identification the reinforcing from the reducing" and "corresponding between acupoints and needling techniques", 's theory on "moxibustion for heat syndrome and boils and sores" and "selecting optimal points accordingly in treatment", 's theory on "the same principles shared in acupuncture and herbal medicine" and "the application of five- points", 's innovation about " 's three needling technique" and 's theory on "identifying symptoms/patterns and determining acupoints" and "contraindication of moxibustion". In this paper, the academic thoughts of the ' medical representatives were collected and sorted out on acupuncture and moxibustion and summarized so as to provide the references for further research.

Improving the quality of Young-Scholar-Science-Foundation project application by means of the mentorship scheme-Practice and experience / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To improve the success rate of hospital Young Scholar Science Foundation project application,promote the rapid growth of young scientific talents;enhance the capacity of scientific research talents in hospitals Methods The status quo and existing problems of the application and funding of hospital youth science fund were analyzed;explore the construction of youth science fund mentor mechanism,measurements,such as setting up tutoring group,formulate tutoring plan,clarify mentoring details and follow-up implement supervision assessment were developed to strengthen the guidance of young scientific talents.Results Compared to last year,the number of acquisition of Young-Scholar-Science-Foundation projects has risen by 7,and the rate of acquisition in the 30 applications involved in the mentorship scheme reached up to 33.3％,and the difference between Mentorship-Scheme-Group and the other was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusions The implementation of the mentor system has significantly improved the quality of the application of the hospital's youth science fund.The next step is to continually improve the mentor system management and operation mechanism,strengthen the preliminary work support and project implementation guidance for young scientific talents,ensure the stable and well development of the application work of Young-Scholar-Science-Foundation projects.

Familia y prevención del consumo de alcohol en escolares / Family and prevention of alcohol consumption in schoolchildren

El estudio explora y describe, la evidencia relacionada con nuevo conocimiento conexo a la promoción de la salud, prevención del consumo de alcohol y las acciones de salud pública en el contexto familiar y escolar, para prevenir el consumo de alcohol en escolares, apoyados en la metodología de revisión y análisis documental, como un aporte de la disciplina de enfermería al control de esta problemática de salud. La revisión y análisis documental (RAD) es una metodología, cumple un proceso riguroso sistemático, que garantiza la validez, estructurada en dos fases: heurística o descriptiva cumple con la búsqueda y selección de la información, y la fase hermenéutica, analiza e interpreta, conduce a la reflexión para describir y definir la experiencia tal como es vivida (subjetividad), ya que el método hermenéutico integra el contexto y la dinámica de la persona estudiada y en sus implicaciones, buscando concretar una interpretación coherente del todo. Para este análisis cualitativo crítico se establecieron categorías: consumo, familia, prevención del consumo de alcohol, permitieron contextualizar y descubrir las interacciones y concepciones del consumo de alcohol en escolares y la relación con la familia, a través de la dinámica, funcionalidad y estructura, las características del consumo en escolares y las estrategias e intervenciones de promoción de la salud.

This study explore and describe the evidence related to new knowledge to health promotion, prevention of alcohol consumption and public health actions in the family and school context, to prevent alcohol consumption in schoolchildren, supported in the methodology of review and documentary analysis, as a nursing contribution to the solution of this problem of health. The review and documentary analysis (RAD) is the methodology, structured by two phases: First phase Heuristic or descriptive refers to the search and selection of information, Hermeneutic phase or interpretative, analyses and interprets, leads to reflection to describe and clarify the experience as it is lived (subjectivity) since the hermeneutic method tries to introduce itself in the content and dynamics of the person studied and its implications, seeking to establish a coherent interpretation of the whole, with rigorous use of the method, which guarantees its validity. For this qualitative critical analysis, categories family, prevention, alcohol drinking were established to contextualize and discover the interactions and constructions that are made about alcohol consumption in schoolchildren and their relationship with the family, as well as their dynamic components and family typology, consumption characteristics and interventions and strategies of Health Promotion.

Violência substantivada: perspectiva de estudantes de uma escola pública / Violencia sustantivada: perspectiva de estudiantes de uma escuela publica / Making violence a noun: the perspective of students of a public school

Resumo O presente artigo sintetiza resultados de uma dissertação de mestrado construída no contexto de um projeto de extensão da psicologia no enfrentamento à violência em escolas públicas. Como parte da equipe do projeto em uma das escolas, as autoras partem da perspectiva psicossocial da violência para investigar como estudantes de 6º a 9º ano do ensino fundamental compreendem a violência e como ela está presente no cotidiano escolar a partir de sua perspectiva. Pelo método de pesquisa-ação participação, as autoras promoveram discussões coletivas, assembleias de classe e a organização de cartazes em trios de estudantes, a partir da questão: "o que é violência?" Os cartazes e diários de campo produzidos pela equipe foram analisados, e extraiu-se os tipos de violência presentes nos relatos dos estudantes, bem como indicadores de sentido destas vivências para eles. Identificou-se o valor instrumental atribuído à violência, naturalização das agressões e descrença nos encaminhamentos da escola.

Resumen El presente artículo sintetiza resultados de una disertación de maestría construida en el contexto de un proyecto de extensión de la psicología en el enfrentamiento a la violencia en escuelas públicas. Como parte del equipo del proyecto en una de las escuelas, las autoras parten de la perspectiva psicosocial de la violencia para investigar cómo estudiantes de 6º a 9º año de la enseñanza fundamental comprenden la violencia y cómo está presente en el cotidiano escolar desde su perspectiva. Por el método de investigación-acción participación, las autoras promovieron discusiones colectivas, asambleas de clase y la organización de carteles en tríos de estudiantes, a partir de la cuestión: "¿qué es violencia?" Los carteles y diarios de campo producidos por el equipo fueron analizados, y se extrajeron los tipos de violencia presentes en los relatos de los estudiantes, así como indicadores de sentido de estas vivencias para ellos. Identificamos el valor instrumental atribuido a la violencia, naturalización de agresiones y incredulidad en los encaminamientos de la escuela.

Abstract This article summarizes the results of a Master's thesis built in the context of a Psychology extension project to prevent violence in public schools. As part of the project team in one of the schools, the authors use the psychosocial perspective of violence to investigate how students from 6th to 9th grade of elementary school understand violence and how it is present in school from their perspective. Through the Participatory-Action Research method, the authors promoted collective discussions, class assemblies and the organization of posters in trios of students, asking the question: "what is violence?". The posters and field diaries produced by the team were analyzed, and the types of violence present in the students' reports were extracted, as well as indicators of what these experiences meant to them. Results show the instrumental value of violence, naturalization of aggression and disbelief in the way school addresses these issues.