Educational Research and Scholarship in India: The Way Forward

Medical education research (MER) aims to improve the practice of medical education by applying the theory of educational research. Internationally, medical education research has grown exponentially and has established itself as a distinct field. In contrast, in India, the medical faculty is either bogged down by clinical responsibilities, or is busy with biomedical research. The recent initiatives such as implementation of competency-based medical education (CBME) for medical undergraduates, and push coming from regulatory agencies besides National Education Policy have become game changers. The emerging concept of scholarship, takes in to account all scholarly activities in a fair manner. The scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) is helpful in connecting teaching with better patient care outcomes through evidence based approach. It also promotes a community of practice to boost research and publication activities. Finally, there is a need to enlarge the scope of research from treating sick children to promoting total wellbeing, which requires interdisciplinary and interprofessional approach to research.

University sport and scholarship funding for student-athletes: possibilities and limitations to sports performance / Esporte universitário e financiamento de bolsas à estudantes-atletas: possibilidades e limitações ao rendimento esportivo / Deportes universitarios y financiación de becas para estudiantes-deportistas: posibilidades y limitaciones al rendimiento deportivo

ABSTRACT The study investigated the policy of funding sports scholarships to student-athletes linked to the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This is exploratory and documentary research, with an analysis of the opening and results edicts of the Athlete Scholarship Program (2010-2021). The institution has the Athlete Scholarship Program. Scholarships were paid R$400.00, with an annual duration of 9 and 7 months, with emphasis on individual sports, especially wrestling, athletics, and swimming. It is concluded that the university presents a policy that favors the sport of institutional representation, however, not the high performance, given the low value of the scholarship and the non-payment of it in the first quarter of all the years analyzed.

RESUMO O estudo investigou a política de financiamento de bolsas esportivas à estudantes-atletas vinculados à Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória e documental, com análise de editais de abertura e de resultados do Programa Bolsa Atleta (2010-2021). A instituição conta com o Programa Bolsa Atleta. Foram pagas bolsas de R$400,00, com duração anual de 9 e 7 meses, com destaque para modalidades individuais, sobretudo, lutas, atletismo e natação. Conclui-se que a universidade apresenta política que favorece o esporte de representação institucional, porém, não o de alto rendimento, dado ao baixo valor da bolsa e o não pagamento da mesma no primeiro trimestre de todos os anos analisados.

RESUMEN El estudio investigó la política de financiamiento de becas deportivas para estudiantes-atletas vinculados a la Universidad Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria y documental, con análisis de convocatorias de apertura y resultados del Programa Bolsa Atleta (2010-2021). La institución cuenta con el Programa Bolsa Atleta. Se pagaron becas por valor de R$ 400,00, con duración anual de 9 y 7 meses, con énfasis en las modalidades individuales, sobre todo, lucha, atletismo y natación. Se concluye que la universidad tiene una política que favorece el deporte de representación institucional, sin embargo, no el deporte de alto rendimiento, dado el bajo valor de la beca y el impago de la misma en el primer trimestre de todos los años analizados.

O uso do tempo de crianças no contexto urbano e ribeirinho na Amazônia / The use of children's time in the urban and riverside context in the Amazon / El uso del tiempo de los niños en el contexto urbano y ribereño de la Amazonía

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as diferenças no uso do tempo de crianças no contexto urbano e rural. Foram coletadas informações sobre o uso do tempo diário de 75 crianças (44 meninas e 31 meninos, entre cinco e 14 anos). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Instrumento Sociodemográfico e Inventário de Rotinas. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto ao uso do tempo, além de demonstrar diferenças contextuais entre população urbana e ribeirinha. No contexto ribeirinho, os participantes realizavam atividades como tarefas domésticas e conversa; no urbano, a categoria uso do computador sobressaiu-se. Destaca-se que os beneficiários têm importância considerável com relação à valorização da escolarização, o que pode estar relacionado às diferenças encontradas entre os beneficiários e não beneficiários. A existência de atividades citadas exclusivamente em alguns contextos permite inferir quais caminhos desenvolvimentais estão sendo seguidos por crianças moradoras de contextos culturais diferenciados.

The objective of this study was to verify the differences in the use of children's time in urban and rural contexts. Information was collected on the use of daily time of 75 children (44 girls and 31 boys, between 5 and 14 years). The instruments used were the Sociodemographic Instrument and Inventory of Routines. The results showed statistically significant differences regarding the use of time, besides showing contextual differences between urban and riverside population. In the riverside context the participants performed activities related to Housekeeping and Conversation, in comparison to the urban one in which the use category of the Computer stood out. It should be noted that the beneficiaries have considerable importance in relation to the valuation of schooling, which may be related to the differences found between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The existence of activities cited exclusively in some contexts allows us to infer which developmental paths are being followed by children living in different cultural contexts.

El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar las diferencias en el uso del tiempo de los niños en el contexto urbano y rural. Se recogieron informaciones sobre el uso del tiempo diario de 75 niños (44 niñas y 31 niños, entre cinco y 14 años). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Instrumento Sociodemográfico e Inventario de Rutinas. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al uso del tiempo, además de mostrar diferencias contextuales entre población urbana y ribereña. En el contexto ribereño los participantes realizaban actividades relacionadas como Tareas Domésticas y Conversación, en comparación al urbano en que la categoría uso del Computador sobresalió. Se destaca que los beneficiarios tienen una importancia considerable con respecto a la valorización de la escolarización, lo que puede estar relacionado con las diferencias encontradas entre los beneficiarios y no beneficiarios. La existencia de actividades citadas exclusivamente en algunos contextos permite inferir qué caminos desarrollales están siendo seguidos por niños que viven de contextos culturales diferenciados.

Becas de Investigación Quincke, un espacio donde el alumno se inicia como científico / Quincke Research Scholarship, an space where the student start to be a scientist

Introducción: Las Becas de Investigación Quincke son una iniciativa que se sustenta en la necesidad de la adquisición de habilidades para la investigación, lo que no está contemplado en la malla curricular de los estudiantes de Medicina en Cuba. Objetivo: Describir los aspectos más novedosos en cuanto a innovación de las becas Quincke, que se ha mantenido sostenidamente y en ascenso todos estos años para capacitar a los estudiantes como futuros científicos. Métodos: Este estudio es una investigación cualitativa. Se usa como instrumento de investigación la entrevista y los grupos focales y, además, se evalúa la evidencia documental disponible. Resultados: Hasta la fecha han asistido 101 estudiantes de Medicina y 24 médicos residentes de Angola, Bolivia, China, Colombia, Cuba, España, Estados Unidos, México, Uruguay y Vietnam. Han participado profesores de España, Ecuador y Perú a impartir gratuitamente sus conocimientos. A partir de datos originales no publicados, basándose en los principios de la ciencia abierta, los estudiantes deben llegar a los resultados a partir de una hipótesis. Para los estudiantes que provienen del exterior se ha posibilitado que soliciten travel grants gracias a un donativo de la American Physiological Society a partir del International Opportunity Program Award. Conclusiones: Las Becas de Investigación Quincke han demostrado ser un proyecto innovador sostenible basado en la ciencia abierta para la educación médica por la forma en que se desarrolla, donde los estudiantes son protagonistas de los resultados científicos. Es, además, un proyecto movilizador de personalidades procedentes de otros países(AU)

Introduction: Quincke Research Scholarship is an iniciative that was supported by the necessity to develop research abilities for the medicine students that was not included in the curricular net in Cuba Objective: To describe the most new aspects of the Quincke Scholarship to develop the starting of the students like future scientists Methods: This study is a qualitative research. Interviews, phocal groups and available documental study were employed. Resultads: 101 medicine students and 24 residents from Cuba, USA, China, Vietnam, Uruguay, Bolivia, Spain, Mexico, Colombia and Angola among other ones were participated. In addition, professors from Spain, Ecuador and Peru came for free to share their knowledges. Based on open science non-published original data was brought to the students in order to arrive to results from an hypothesis. For foreigner students they can apply to a travel grant thanks to the American Physiological Society by an International Opportunity Program Award. Conclusions: Quincke Research Scholarship was demonstrated to be an innovative and sustaintable project based on open science for medical education because by the way the students become protagonists of scientific results and to movilize personalities from other countries Quincke(AU)

Beneficios de la actividad física para niños y adolescentes en el contexto escolar / Physical activity benefits for children and adolescents in the school

Introducción: La actividad física que se desarrolla en las clases de educación física son un espacio ideal para promover buenas prácticas que conduzcan a mejorar la salud física y emocional de niños y adolescentes, entre otros beneficios. El estudio del rol de la escuela, los profesores, su interacción con los niños y adolescentes, entre otros actores como padres, familias y medio social, es fundamental para optimizar el proceso docente educativo. Por ello, se plantea como objetivo analizar los beneficios de la actividad física sobre la salud de niños y adolescentes, y especialmente los retos que esto implica para la escuela y los profesores. Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación bibliográfica, con la revisión de obras recientes sobre la temática, con el fin de determinar aspectos clave en la temática abordada. Se determinaron aspectos clave en relación a los beneficios que representa la actividad física para los niños y adolescentes en el ámbito escolar; así como las premisas y funciones de la asignatura de educación física, los profesores y la escuela. Conclusiones: La actividad física constituye un eje fundamental para el desarrollo de los niños y adolescentes tanto en la escuela como en su vida social, por lo que deberá considerarse en investigaciones futuras, especialmente dirigido a evaluar el impacto de este tipo de actividades en el rendimiento escolar, las relaciones sociales y otros aspectos que se consideren de interés(AU)

Introduction: The physical activity that takes place in physical education classes is an ideal space to promote good practices that lead to improve the physical and emotional health of children and adolescents, among other benefits. The study of the role of the school, teachers, their interaction with children and adolescents, among other actors such as parents, families and social environment, is essential to optimize the educational teaching process. Therefore, it is intended as an objective to analyze the benefits of physical activity on the health of children and adolescents, and especially the challenges that this implies for school and teachers. Methods: A bibliographic investigation was developed, with the review of recent works on the subject, in order to determine key aspects in the subject addressed. Key aspects were determined in relation to the benefits that physical activity represents for children and adolescents in the school environment; as well as the premises and functions of the physical education subject, the teachers and the school. Conclusions: Physical activity constitutes a fundamental axis for the development of children and adolescents both in school and in their social life, so it should be considered in future research, especially aimed at assessing the impact of these types of activities on performance. school, social relations and other aspects that are considered of interest(AU)

Vll Edition of Quincke´s Scholarship: Lecture Highlights

Introduction: Quincke´s Scholarship deals with themes related to neuroinmunology and the complement system. Objective: Describe the most recent advances of the Vll Edition of Quincke´s Scholarship. Methods: Publications pertaining to Quincke´s Scholarship were selected and revised from the work group of the Central Lab of Cerebrospinal fluid (LABCEL). Results: The principal topic was the C1q protein; initiator of the clasic complement pathway. From the analisis of the molecular concentration of this protein, its transference and the correlations between the concentration of C1q protein in cerebrospinal fluid (LCR) and the quotient of albumin (QAlb) between LCR and plasma it is hypothesized that an intratecal synthesis of the C1q in patients with a disfunction of the blood-brain barrier. The most recently discovered pathway in the activation of the complement is the lectin pathway. The diffusion of the MASP-3 protein from blood to LCR is proof that the MASP-3 is synthesized in the leptomeninges. The reibergram is useful to evaluate the inmune response in patients with: neurological manifestations caused by the dengue virus, and patients with multiple sclerosis. Conclusions: The Vll Edition of Quincke´s Scholarship dealt with C1q protein and recently discovered themes of the lectin pathway and the use of the reibergram(AU)

Factores asociados a la condición física relacionada con la salud en escolares de la ciudad de Dosquebradas Risaralda / Factors associated with health-related physical condition in schoolchildren in the city of Dosquebradas Risaralda / Fatores associados à condição física relacionada com a saúde em crianças em idade escolar da cidade de Dosquebradas Risaralda

Introducción. La actividad física es un factor de primera magnitud que influye en la salud y la condición física en los adultos; por otra parte, es un determinante del riesgo de mortalidad cardiovascular cuando no se practica de forma regular, además del aumento de la incidencia de obesidad en edades tempranas en países desarrollados, como consecuencia de factores contextuales como currículos escolares, reglas de los padres relativas a la seguridad, limitaciones del ambiente físico, entre otros. Objetivo. Describir la condición física relacionada con la salud y sus factores asociados en escolares de la ciudad de Dosquebradas, Risaralda, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal, en el cual se calculó una muestra de 339 participantes, matriculados en instituciones educativas públicas y privadas de nivel básico y medio, entre la edad de 12 y 18 años. Se aplica la versión extendida de la batería ALPHA-fitness para evaluar la condición física y una entrevista semiestructurada con la cual se indagó sobre los determinantes sociales de la salud de interés para el estudio. Resultados. El 60% de los escolares evaluados presentaron condición física no saludable en tres de los cuatro componentes que evalúa la batería ALPHA Fitness. Se encuentra significancia estadística (P < 0,05) con el componente muscular y motor, destacando que entre menor sea el nivel educativo del padre en los escolares, estos, tienen entre 1 y 3 veces más posibilidades de tener un nivel no saludable. Conclusiones. Se evidencia una alta prevalencia de condición física no saludable además de como el nivel educativo del padre se relaciona estadísticamente con la condición física evaluada en los escolares de la ciudad de Dosquebradas. Palabras clave: aptitud física, ejercicio, estudiantes, determinantes sociales de la salud, escolaridad, (DeCS).

Introduction. Physical activity is a major factor that influences health and physical condition in adults, being a determinant of cardiovascular mortality risk when not practiced regularly in addition to the increase in the incidence of obesity at an early age in developed countries, as a consequence of contextual factors such as school curricula, parental rules regarding safety, limitations of the physical environment, among others. Objective. Describe the physical condition related to health and its associated factors in schoolchildren in the city of Dosquebradas, Risaralda, Colombia. Materials and Methods. Cross-sectional descriptive study, in which a sample of 339 participants, enrolled in public and private educational institutions of basic and medium level, between the age of 12 and 18 years was included. The extended version of the ALPHA-fitness battery is applied to assess the physical condition and a semi-structured interview with which the social determinants of health of interest for the study were investigated. Results. 60% of the students evaluated presented unhealthy physical condition in three of the four components that the ALPHA Fitness battery evaluates. Statistical significance is found (P <0.05) with the muscle and motor component, highlighting that the lower the father's educational level in schoolchildren, these are between 1 and 3 times more likely to have an unhealthy level. Conclusions. A high prevalence of unhealthy physical condition is evidenced, in addition to how the educational level of the father is statistically related to the physical condition evaluated in schoolchildren in the city of Dosquebradas.

Introdução. A atividade física é um fator de primeira magnitude que influencia na saúde e a condição física em adultos; por outro lado, é um determinante do risco de mortalidade cardiovascular quando não é praticada regularmente, além do aumento da incidência de obesidade em idades precoces nos países desenvolvidos, como consequência de fatores contextuais como currículos escolares, regras de segurança dos pais, limitações do ambiente físico, entre outros. Objetivo. Descrever a condição física relacionada com a saúde e seus fatores associados em crianças em idade escolar de Dosquebradas, Risaralda, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal, no qual a amostra calculada foi de 339 participantes, inscritos em instituições de ensino públicas e privadas de nível básico e intermediário, entre 12 e 18 anos. A versão estendida da bateria de teste do ALPHA-fitness foi aplicada para avaliar a condição física e uma entrevista semiestruturada com a qual são investigados os determinantes sociais da saúde do interesse para o estudo. Resultados. O 60% das crianças em idade escolar avaliadas apresentaram condição física não saudável em três dos quatro componentes avaliados pelo teste do ALPHA-fitness. Significância estatística (P < 0,05) foi encontrada com o componente muscular e motor, destacando que quanto menor o nível educacional do pai das crianças, estas apresentam uma proporção entre 1 e 3 vezes mais chances de ter um nível não saudável. Conclusões. Uma elevada prevalência de condição física não saudável é evidente, além de como o nível educacional do pai está estatisticamente relacionado à condição física avaliada em crianças em idade escolar da cidade de Dosquebradas.

Quais fatores influenciam o controle metabólico do diabetes? / What factors influence the metabolic control of diabetes?

OBJETIVO: Avaliar quais fatores influenciam no controle metabólico do diabetes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal ocorrido durante o período de agosto de 2013 a julho de 2015 com 26 diabéticos atendidos na Clínica Escola de Nutrição em Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Para coleta dos dados foram avaliadas variáveis socioeconômicas, antropométricas e bioquímicas. Foram analisados ainda, o conhecimento sobre diabetes e atitudes psicológicas em relação à doença por meio dos Questionários de Conhecimento e Questionário de Atitudes Psicológicas do Diabetes, respectivamente. O estudo da relação dos fatores que influenciam o mau controle metabólico (glicêmico e lipêmico) do diabetes foi realizado por meio da regressão de Poisson. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (80,76%), com média de idade de 55,0 ± 12,9 anos. Quanto à escolaridade e tempo de diagnóstico da doença, as médias foram respectivamente de 9,73 ± 4,59 e 7,58 ± 6,95 anos. Nenhuma das variáveis estudadas influenciou o mau controle glicêmico, enquanto o mau controle lipêmico foi associado à maior idade dos voluntários estudados (RP= 1,62; valor-p= 0,020). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo apontam que a maioria dos diabéticos estudados apresenta perfil antropométrico e bioquímico inadequados. Em relação ao controle metabólico, o mau controle lipêmico foi associado à maior idade dos voluntários, indicando que quanto maior a idade pior é o controle lipêmico, assim os indivíduos com maior idade precisam ser mais bem orientados para que tenham atitudes mais adequadas frente às demandas impostas pelo diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate which factors influence the metabolic control of diabetes. METHODS: Cross-sectional study occurred during the period August 2013 to July 2015 with 26 diabetics treated at the Clinical Nutrition School in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. For data collection socioeconomic, anthropometric and biochemical variables were evaluated. Also, they were evaluated on knowledge of diabetes and psychological attitudes regarding the disease through the DKN-A questionnaire and ATT-19, respectively. The study of the relations of the factors that influence poor metabolic control (glycemic and lipemic) diabetes was carried out by Poisson regression. It value significance level was adopted p <0.05. RESULTS: There was a predominance of females (80.76%) with a mean age of 55.0 ± 12.9 years. As for education and disease diagnosis time, the averages were respectively 9.73 ± 4.59 and 7.58 ± 6.95 years. None of the variables influenced the poor glycemic control, while the bad lipemic control was associated with increased age of the study subjects (PR = 1.62; p-value = 0.020). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that most diabetics studied presents profile anthropometric and biochemical inadequate. Regarding the metabolic control, the bad lipemic control was associated with in creased age of the volunteers, showing that the higher the worst age is lipemic control, indicating that individuals with higher age need to be better targeted to have more appropriate attitudes towards the demands imposed by diabetes.

Post colonial scholarship

@#Post colonial research and scholarship and its potential to transform the experiences of Internationally Educated Nurses (IENs) is an area needing consideration in research today. This paper focuses on the personal experiences encountered when teaching and learning with IENs using available literature to question how nursing education is perhaps colonialist and not able to meet the needs of this vulnerable population. Findings suggest that there are macro levels of political and socio-economic influences dominating nursing education. Hence, post colonial research can assist nurses to explore and to challenge the manner in which nursing education is developed.

A web-based cross-sectional survey of municipal government scholarships associated with selective medical school admissions for medically underserved areas / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

<b>Introduction</b> : Municipal government scholarships for the purpose of support of rural health & medically underserved areas has increased, but repayment exemption conditions of the scholarships vary. We conducted a survey of scholarships to clarify their impact on physician careers.<br><b>Methods</b> : A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 2013 to January 2014 among municipal governments administering scholarships associated with selective medical school admissions for medically underserved areas in 2013.<br><b>Results</b> : There were 59 scholarships administered by 42 municipal governments connected with 53 universities. The mode of the total loan amount was 14.4 million yen. Features of the loan agreements were a high repayment interest rate (over 10%) in 70% of the scholarships and a requirement for lump-sum repayment in 41 scholarships. Three programs allowed free choice of residency training for 3 years or more during the obligatory term, while 48 programs did not allow such choice during the entire obligatory term.<br><b>Conclusion</b> : Eighty-percent of the scholarship programs do not allow for the minimum 3 years of basic post-graduate training required by specialty training program guidelines. In order to prevent the anticipated reduction in future applicants to these scholarship programs, appropriate interest rates, repayment rules, and allowance for specialty training are required.

Brazilian scientific funding agency budgets have not matched the country's economic growth

The growth of the Brazilian economy in recent years has created an atmosphere of optimism in various segments of Brazilian society, with several important international repercussions. In this paper, we analyze in detail how this economic growth is reflected in investments in science and technology made by major academic funding agencies. As a result, we observed a discrepancy in the growth of funding input and the growth of the Brazilian gross domestic product. This fact associated with an increased academic output entails negative consequences for the system. This may be a symptom of an academic community not fully understood by society and vice versa. Finally, we believe that a long-lasting important change in investment policy in science is necessary in order to ensure financial security for the academic system as a whole.

Research and discussion on criteria quantization of scholarship of clinical postgraduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To discuss the effects of applying comprehensive evaluation of quantitative index to choose scholarship of clinical postgraduates.Methods Totally 259 clinical postgraduates of Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University,who took part in the choosing of scholarship during 2008-2011 were enrolled.During the graduating year,comprehensive evaluation of quantitative index was adopted to choose scholarship through appraisal on postgraduates.Results were described as percentage and were analyzed by SPSS 15.0.Results Seventy-seven postgraduates won the scholarship (during 2008-2011),among which there were 20 doctors (26.0％),57 masters (74.0％).Thirteen persons won the first scholarship,26 persons the second scholarship,38 persons the third scholarship.Distribution of the majors of the winner was appropriate.Conclusions Comprehensive evaluation of quantitative index is effective in choosing scholarship for clinical postgraduates and it is beneficial to guide clinical postgraduates to improve their comprehensive quality.

Media representation of personality disorder in Jamaica: public scholarship as a catalyst of health promotion / Representación de los trastornos de personalidad en Jamaica por los medios de difusión: la erudición pública como catalizador en la promoción de la salud

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether the public scholarship of the epidemiology of personality disorder (PD) in Jamaica prompted a health promotion outcome. METHODS: A January 2011 to December 2012 trawl of news media articles linking 'PD' to published public scholarship articles on the epidemiology of PD recorded titles and contents of the reports that were culled to capture the emotional responses and psychological defence mechanisms expressed. These were analysed with concomitant social, psychological or behavioural activities occurring in Jamaica, using SPSS version 17 software. RESULTS: Two public scholarship interventions to two major broadsheet newspapers triggered 25 contributed articles, which in turn prompted 160 responses from the public, five commentaries on leading radio stations and four Internet blogs. One hundred and sixty-six (84.2%) of the titles targeted PD in the Jamaican nation; 31 (13.7) articles targeted PD in leaders, athletes, inmates, individuals, families and productivity in Jamaica. One hundred and fifty-five (79.1%) expressed agreement with the scientific epidemiological observations, while 20.9% (n = 41) expressed disagreement. Eighty-two (41.8%) of the responses expressed rationalizations, 47 (24%) were expressions of reaction formation, 27 (13.8%) were in frank denial, while 25 (12.8%) were expressing open acting out responses or blunt projection (15, 7.7%) to the published epidemiology. The difference between 139 (70.9%) popular media responses to contemporary social problems and 57 (29.1%) reports that made no reference to social problems was statistically significant (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis that public scholarship reports prompted a popular media response, generating a health promotion outcome linking contemporary social events to this medical research is confirmed.

OBJETIVO: Determinar si la erudición pública sobre la epidemiología de los trastornos de personalidad (TP) en Jamaica trajo como resultado un impulso a la promoción de la salud. MÉTODOS: Una serie de artículos de los medios noticiosos, publicados de enero 2011 a diciembre de 2012, vinculaban los "TP" con artículos de erudición pública sobre la epidemiología de los TP. Dichos artículos recogían títulos así como contenidos de reportes seleccionados para captar las respuestas emocionales y los mecanismos de defensa psicológica expresados. Estos fueron analizados a partir de actividades sociales, psicológicas o conductuales concomitantes en Jamaica, utilizando SPSS, la versión de software 17. RESULTADOS: Dos intervenciones de erudición pública de dos periódicos principales de gran formato desataron una contribución de 25 artículos, los que a su vez provocaron 160 respuestas del público, cinco comentarios sobre importantes estaciones de radio, y cuatro blogs de Internet. Ciento sesenta y seis (84.2%) títulos giraron en torno a los TP en la nación jamaicana; 31 artículos (13.7%) tuvieron como centro los TP en dirigentes, deportistas, individuos y familias, así como los vínculos con la productividad en Jamaica. Ciento cincuenta y cinco (79.1%) expresaron su acuerdo con las observaciones epidemiológicas científicas, mientras que el 20.9% (n = 41) expresó su desacuerdo. Ochenta y dos (41,8%) de las respuestas expresaron racionalizaciones; 47 (24%) fueron expresiones de formación reactiva; 27 (13,8%) estaban en franca negación, mientras 25 (12.8%) dieron respuestas abiertamente de pasaje al acto o proyección directa (15, 7.7%) a la epidemiología tratada en las publicaciones. La diferencia entre las 139 (70.9%) respuestas de los medios populares a los problemas sociales contemporáneos y los 57 (29.1%) reportes que no hacían referencia a los problemas sociales, fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONES: Se confirma la hipótesis de que los reportes de erudición pública provocaron una respuesta de los medios populares, trayendo como resultado una promoción de la salud que vincula los acontecimientos sociales contemporáneos con esta investigación médica.

The teaching competence required for experts on medical education / 医学教育

1）The paper reviewed the previous literature on teaching competencies in medical education required for medical educators. The competencies as well as its quality assurance were comprehensively proposed for both current medical teachers and trainers in faculty development programme in Japan.<br>2）Teaching competencies is not just a talent or a character of the physicians and can be aquired and developed through the learning. To clarify of its expertise will enable us to construct the outcome–based programme with appllying it as outcome of the medical educators. It also will enable us to evaluate the level of the teaching competencies and also assure the quality of medical educators which will contribute to the accreditation of medical education.<br>3）The domains of the teaching competencies on medical education are classified as, ability of practical teaching and learning facilitation, evaluation and assessment, desining a curriculum／programme, and management・leadership・development. Scholary activities as an continuing professional development is essential to continue to seek an excellence of teaching.

O acesso livre à produção acadêmica como subsídio para políticas públicas: um exercício sobre o Banco de Teses da Capes / Open access to academic scholarship as a public policy resource: a study of the Capes database on Brazilian theses and dissertations

O acesso ao conhecimento científico é meio importante para informar e validar posições na formulação de políticas públicas. O recurso aos conhecimentos é, contudo, problemático diante da diversidade e extensão dessa produção. Entendendo que a comunicação entre os campos da ciência e da política depende da divulgação do conhecimento produzido e das possibilidades de acesso, realizamos uma pesquisa empregando uma ferramenta de busca digital de acesso livre, com o objetivo de mapear o conhecimento sobre a contribuição da agricultura na conservação da biodiversidade. No presente artigo, apresentamos uma leitura crítica do acesso às informações divulgadas pelo Banco de Teses do Portal de Periódicos da Capes.

Access to scientific knowledge is a valuable resource than can inform and validate positions taken in formulating public policy. But access to this knowledge can be challenging, given the diversity and breadth of available scholarship. Communication between the fields of science and of politics requires the dissemination of scholarship and access to it. We conducted a study using an open-access search tool in order to map existent knowledge on a specific topic: agricultural contributions to the preservation of biodiversity. The present article offers a critical view of access to the information available through the Capes database on Brazilian theses and dissertations.

Perceptions of medical educational research activity among medical educators undergoing educational leadership programs.

Educational Research (ER) is yet to be well established in many Asian countries and its requirements, obligations, advantages on teaching-leaning methods are yet to be fully exploited and acknowledged. Creating awareness of ER and receiving opinions on the existing trends and gaps in ER and its subdivisions may invoke interest in participants on what can be done in future and provide wider prospective and outlook on the potentials of medical ER. Methodology: Cross-sectional study design was used to survey 36 fellows and faculty on the PSG – FAIMER list server. Results: Overall response was 58% (36 out of 62). All respondents were involved in ER and were looking forward to disseminate the benefits of it. While there was full consensus that teaching-methodologies were part of ER, all the participants were not aware of the existence of curriculum, assessment and attitudes of students under ER. 40% of respondents felt the need to incorporate ER in the curriculum and around 37% wanted to further train themselves through on-line sessions. Conclusion: This study has shown that regulatory and institutional supports are likely to motivate the medical faculty in accepting and pursuing ER.

Ambientes para pesquisa independente e fator de impacto das revistas no Brasil: estudo de caso / Environment for scholarship and journal impact factor in Brazil: case study

Introdução: Universidades ao redor do mundo tem procurado medidas objetivas para avaliar seus produtos de pesquisa e para melhorar suas posições nacionais e internacionais. Mesmo sendo fontes de preocupações, muitas tem adotado para este fim medidas bibliométricas como o fator de impacto (FI) dos periódicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de explorar as condições criadas no Brasil como resultado das políticas nacionais e institucionais que exigem que os professores publiquem em periódicos com alto FI, e em que grau isto tem facilitado ou impedido o desenvolvimento da ciência em enfermagem. Desenho: O desenho foi o de estudo de caso, com o país como unidade de análise. Um informante-chave foi identificado em nível do país para ajudar a identificar instituições e indivíduos para participação, e para fornecer informações relevantes sobre o contexto do país. Professores-sênior de seis dos programas de doutorado melhor avaliados foram convidados a participar. Métodos: Foi desenvolvido um instrumento para coleta de dados, com validação de conteúdo. O projeto foi aprovado por um comitê de ética para pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos. Cinco respondentes forneceram informações. Toda comunicação foi feita de forma eletrônica. Resultados: Os respondentes confirmaram a presença de políticas nacionais e institucionais mas, no geral, o FI não foi usado por comitês de avaliação dos docentes. A política foi sujeita a críticas gerais, por levar a competição ao invés de cooperação. A caracterização de estudos atualmente publicados no país não transmitiu grande consideração por este tipo de publicação. Conclusões: A política no país não parece ter criado um ambiente que leva à cooperação ou a interações com especialistas internacionais, nem parece ter levado a produções científicas vistas como de destaque. Isso pode ser parcialmente atribuído à falta de aceitação geral da política e/ou às oportunidades dadas por bases regionais mais recentes para a indexação das publicações.

Background: Universities worldwide are seeking objective measures for the assessment of their faculties’ research products, to improve their national and international standing. Despite concerns, many have adopted bibliometric measures such as the impact factor (IF) of journals for these purposes. The objective of this study was to explore conditions created within Brazil as a result of national and institutional policies requiring faculty to publish in high IF journals, and the extent to which these facilitated or hindered the development of nursing science. Design: The design was a case study, with the country as the unit of analysis. A key informant for the country was identified to assist in identifying institutions and individuals for participation, and to provide relevant information on the context within the country. Faculty members of senior rank from six of the highly ranked nursing doctoral programs were invited to participate. Methods: A data collection instrument was developed; it has content validity. The study was approved by a human subject review committee. Five respondents provided information. All communication occurred electronically. Results: Respondents confirmed the presence of national and institution policies, but faculty committees, in the main, did not use it. There was general criticism of the policy. The policy led to competition rather than cooperation. Characterization of current published works in the country did not convey high regard for such publications. Conclusions: The policy in the country does not seem to have created an environment conducive to collaboration or interactions with international scholars, nor does it seem to have led to scientific production viewed as noteworthy. This may in part be due to the lack of general acceptance of the policy and/or the opportunities provided by newer regional data bases for indexing publications.

The Trend and Prospect of Studies of East Asian Medical History in Korea / 의사학

Studies of East Asian medical history in Korea have progressively accumulated in the last twenty years. First, Korean scholars broadened the focus of research from China-centered research to East Asian research. Studies of Toyo medical history in Korea mainly concentrated on Chinese medical history. Toyo medical history originated from Japanese orientalism and imperialism. Today the studies of East Asian medical history in Korea include Korea, China and Japan, and attempt to deal with East Asia as a single conceptual category. Second, researchers in East Asian medical history are steadily increasing. They study Chinese medical history or Japanese medical history from universities. As they continue their research in academic positions, successive researchers emerge. Third, the number of Korean scholars remains relatively small, but they pursue original research. Their interests are in the discourse of East Asian medical history, colonial modernity, environmental history, oral history, and history of disease.

The Trend and Prospect of Studies on the History of Western Medicine in Korea / 의사학

Studies on the history of Western medicine in Korea began to be actively conducted and published since the restart of the Korean Society for the History of Medicine in 1991, which had been originally inaugurated in 1947, and the publication of its official journal, the Korean Journal of Medical History in 1992. In 1970s and 1980s, even before the start of the Journal, articles on a history of Western medicine were published mainly written by physicians in medical journals. This paper aims to provide an overview of the publications on the history of Western medicine in Korea, comparing papers published in the Journal with those published in other journals. Authors of the papers in the Journal are those who majored in history of medicine or history science whose initial educational backgrounds were medicine or science, whereas authors of the papers in other journals majored in Western history, economic history, social history, religious history, or women's history. While a large portion of papers in the Journal deal with medicine in ancient Greek or in modern America with no paper on medieval medicine, the papers in other journals deal with more various periods including ancient, medieval and modern periods and with diverse areas including France, Britain, Germany, Europe etc. Recent trends in 2000s show an increase in the number of researchers who published the history of Western medicine in other journals, total number of their publications, and the topics that they dealt with in their papers. In contrast, however, the number of researchers published in the Journal, the number of the papers and its topics - all decreased in recent years. Only three papers on the history of diseases have been published in the Journal, while eleven published in other journals. In order to stimulate research on the history of Western medicine in Korea, concerted efforts are necessary including academic communication among various disciplines, formulation of a long term plan to enlarge the pool of researchers and readers of the history of Western medicine, and development of strategic educational programs for both graduates and undergraduates including students of medicine and of humanities in Korea.

Atividade física, cognição e envelhecimento: estudo de uma comunidade urbana

Um fator importante para o envelhecimento saudável é a atividade, que inclui a prática de exercícios físicos e mentais, individuais e grupais. No Brasil, o estudo dessa relação é ainda pouco explorado. Objetivou-se comparar o desempenho cognitivo de idosos ativos e sedentários residentes na comunidade. Avaliaram-se 394 idosos, com idade média de 71,01 (DP = 8,05) e 6,10 (DP = 4,52) anos de escolaridade, residentes na comunidade. Utilizou-se o Mini exame do estado mental - MEEM, subtestes Dígitos e Fluência Verbal, além de um questionário relativo à atividade física. Os resultados mostraram maioria de idosos do sexo feminino (69,5 por cento), com 43,9 por cento praticando alguma atividade física, e destes mais da metade fazia por vontade própria, principalmente caminhada. Os mais ativos eram mais jovens, obtiveram escores mais altos na avaliação cognitiva e tinham maior escolaridade. Evidenciou-se uma relação estatisticamente significante entre atividade, escolaridade e cognição. Estudos futuros devem explorar a relação dessas variáveis para que políticas efetivas de saúde dos idosos possam ser implementadas.

One important factor for healthy aging is the activity, which refers to physical and cognitive exercises done individually or in groups. I n Brazil this relationship is still few explored. The goal of this study was to compare the cognitive performance of active and sedentary elderly from community. 394 community elderly people, with mean age of 71.01 (SD = 8.05) and 6.10 (SD = 4.52) years of scholarship, from community were assessed. MMSE, Digit Span and Verbal Fluency beyond and a questionnaire about physical activity were used. The results showed that most of the elderly people was female (69.5 percent), with 43.9 percent practicing some physical activity and from these, more than a half done by own will, specially walk. The most actives were younger, had higher scores in cognitive assessment and had more schooling. I t was observed a statistically significant relationship between activity, scholarship and cognition. Further studies could explore the relationship between these variables for the implementation of effective health policies for the aging population.

Un factor importante para el envejecimiento saludable es la actividad, que incluya la práctica de ejercicios físicos y mentales, del individuo y del grupo. En Brasil, el estudio de esta relación todavía se explora poco. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el funcionamiento del cognitivo de ancianos activos y sedentarios residentes en la comunidad. Uno evaluó 394 ancianos, con la edad media de 71,01 (DP = 8,05) y 6,10 (DP = 4,52) años de escolaridad, residentes en la comunidad. Se utilizó el MEEM, dígitos y fluidez verbal, además de un cuestionario relativo a la actividad física. Los resultados habían demostrado la mayoría de ancianos del sexo femenino (69,5 por ciento), con el 43,9 por ciento practicando una cierta actividad física y de éstos, más de la mitad haciendo caminata voluntariamente. Los más activos eran más jóvenes y habían conseguido marcadores más altos en la evaluación cognitiva y tenían mayor escolaridad. Fue probada una relación estadística significativa entre la actividad, la escolaridad y la cognición. L os estudios futuros deben explorar la relación de estos variables para poder poner en ejecución la política eficaz de la salud de ancianos.