ABSTRACT
Objetivo Evaluar el efecto que ejerce el ruido ambiental en la salud auditiva, la aparición de síntomas neuropsicológicos, el desarrollo de actividades educativas y el descanso en estudiantes de una localidad en Bogotá. Metodología Estudio transversal de prevalencia en niños y adolescentes (n=581) de 10-17 años en dos instituciones educativas distritales definidas como de mayor exposición (>65dB) y de menor exposición (<65dB) según el mapa de ruido ambiental de la localidad, clasificación verificada posteriormente. Se aplicó una encuesta de antecedentes de salud, percepción de la exposición a ruido, hábitos relacionados con salud auditiva y una audiometría tonal liminal de la vía aérea, usando criterios recomendados en la guía GATI-HNIR. Resultados El colegio más expuesto excedía la normatividad para la zona de tranquilidad (7/8 mediciones), los niveles de las dos instituciones sobrepasan la recomendación de la OMS (15/16 mediciones). El 14,8 % de los estudiantes presentaban algún grado de Hipoacusia, no se identificaron diferencias según exposición, sin embargo, al comparar los promedios de umbral auditivo, fueron mayores en el grupo de mayor exposición. Se encontró más prevalencia de hipoacusia y síntomas neuropsicológicos en la jornada mañana, y del reporte de síntomas otológicos y dificultad para dormir en estudiantes con mayor exposición. Conclusión Existe diferencia entre los umbrales auditivos de los estudiantes según la exposición, lo cual podría sugerir alguna asociación con los niveles de ruido a los que se encuentran expuestos.
Objective Evaluating the effect of environmental noise on the auditory health of a group of students from a locality in Bogotá, their educational development and leisure activities and the appearance of neuropsychological symptoms. Methods This was an observational cross-sectional prevalence study in a sample of 581, 10-17 year-old children and adolescents in two district educational institutions, defined as higher (>65 dB) and lower exposure (<65 dB) according to an environmental noise map of the locality, such ranking being subsequently verified. A survey was made regarding their health-related background, perception of being exposed to noise and auditory health-related habits; a liminal tone audiometry of the airway was taken using the criteria recommended in the Infrastructure Technical Advisory Group'snoise-induced hearing loss (ITAG-NIHL) guidelines. Results The more exposed school exceeded the regulations concerning comfortable environmental noise levels (7/8 measurements). Both institutions' levels exceeded WHO recommendations (15/16 measurements); 14.8 % of students had some degree of hearing loss. No significant differences were identified regarding exposure; however, higher thresholds were found in the more exposed group when comparing mean hearing threshold. Students attending morning sessions had a greater prevalence of hearing loss and neuropsychological symptoms and neuro-otological symptoms and difficulty in sleeping was reported amongst the more exposed students. Conclusion A difference was found between students' hearing thresholds, depending on their exposure, suggesting an association with the levels of noise to which they are exposed.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Hearing Loss/etiology , Mental Disorders/etiology , Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Noise/adverse effects , Colombia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hearing Loss/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology , Schools , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban HealthABSTRACT
Background: Anthropometry is used to survey health and nutritional situation of the population. Therefore the quality of the information that is being used must be evaluated. Aim: To estímate the agreement in weight, height and nutritional status in schoolchildren, comparing measurements made by teachers in schools and a standardized and supervised team of professionals. Material and methods: Cross sectional study including 927 schoolchildren in 31 schools from 7 counties of Santiago. Schools were randomly chosen and the universe of children attending to first grade was measured. Weight, height and nutritional status collected by teachers and researches, were compared. Results: Total agreement for nutritional status reached 0.67, random-weighted Kappa was 0.40 and weighted Kappa, 0.42. Teachers tended to over diagnose under-nutrition and under diagnose overweight and obesíty measuríng 270 grams less than the qualified team (p <0.001) and 1.7 cm more in height (p <0.001), what is reflected in a difference of less than one point in body mass index (p <0.001). Discrepancies in height and body mass índex were higher in extreme valúes. Conclusions: There is a low agreement between the measurements taken by the research team and teachers. Even though there are discrepancies between measurements, high levéis of overweight and low prevalences of stunting and underweight are kept, reílecting problems with exactitude, but not bias. Corrective actions to improve the quality of information, which should include training programs for teachers, instrument maintenance, supervisión and verification system for data entry, are needed.