ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effect of jumping in aquatic environment on nociception and in the soleus muscle of trained and not trained Wistar rats, in the treatment of compressive neuropathy of the sciatic nerve. Methods Twenty-five Wistar rats were distributed into five groups: Control, Lesion, Trained + Lesion, Lesion + Exercise, and Trained + Lesion + Exercise. The training was jumping exercise in water environment for 20 days prior to injury, and treatment after the injury. Nociception was evaluated in two occasions, before injury and seven after injury. On the last day of the experiment, the right soleus muscles were collected, processed and analyzed as to morphology and morphometry. Results In the assessment of nociception in the injury site, the Control Group had higher average than the rest, and the Lesion Group was larger than the Trained + Lesion and Lesion + Exercise Groups. The Control Group showed higher nociceptive threshold in paw, compared to the others. In the morphometric analysis, in relation to Control Group, all the injured groups showed decreased muscle fiber area, and in the Lesion Group was lower than in the Lesion + Exercise Group and Trained + Lesion Group. Considering the diameter of the muscle fiber, the Control Group had a higher average than the Trained + Lesion Group and the Trained + Lesion + Exercise Group; and the Lesion Group showed an average lower than the Trained + Lesion and Lesion + Exercise Groups. Conclusion Resistance exercise produced increased nociception. When performed prior or after nerve damage, it proved effective in avoiding hypotrophy. The combination of the two protocols led to decrease in diameter and area of the muscle fiber.
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos do salto em meio aquático, na nocicepção e no músculo sóleo, em ratos Wistar treinados e não treinados, no tratamento de neuropatia compressiva do nervo isquiático. Métodos Foram distribuídos em cinco grupos 25 ratos Wistar: Controle, Lesão, Treinado + Lesão, Lesão + Exercício e Treinado + Lesão + Exercício. O treino foi com exercício de salto em meio aquático durante 20 dias, prévio à lesão, e o tratamento ocorreu após a lesão. Foram realizadas avaliações da nocicepção, sendo uma pré-lesão e sete pós-lesão. No último dia de experimento, os músculos sóleos direitos foram coletados, processados e analisados por meio de morfologia e morfometria. Resultados Na avaliação da nocicepção no local da lesão, o Grupo Controle apresentou média maior que os demais, e o Grupo Lesão foi maior que os Grupos Treinado + Lesão e Lesão + Exercício. O Grupo Controle apresentou limiar nociceptivo na pata maior com relação aos demais. Nas análises morfométricas, em relação ao Grupo Controle, todos os grupos lesionados apresentaram diminuição da área da fibra muscular; o Grupo Lesão apresentou-se menor que os Grupos Treinado + Lesão e Lesão + Exercício. No diâmetro da fibra muscular, o Grupo Controle apresentou média maior que os Grupos Treinado + Lesão e Treinado + Lesão + Exercício, e o Grupo Lesão apresentou média menor que os Grupos Treinado + Lesão e Lesão + Exercício. Conclusão O exercício físico resistido produziu aumento da nocicepção. Quando realizado previamente ou após a lesão nervosa, mostrou-se eficaz em evitar a hipotrofia. A associação dos dois protocolos levou à diminuição do diâmetro e da área da fibra muscular.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Sciatic Neuropathy/physiopathology , Sciatic Neuropathy/therapy , Nociception/physiology , Hydrotherapy/methods , Nerve Compression Syndromes/physiopathology , Nerve Compression Syndromes/therapy , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Reference Values , Time Factors , Random Allocation , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal injection (IT) of dexmedetomidine targeting Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) on neuropathic pain and spinal cord levels of TLR3 mRNA,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) proteins in rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups(n =10):the sham group(intrathecal normal saline,IT NS),CCI group (CCI + IT NS),DEX-pre group (CCI + IT DEX pre 2ds),DEX-post group (CCl + IT DEX post 7ds) and DEX + ATIP group (CCI + IT DEX + ATIP).The lumbar intrathecal catheters were implanted in L5_6 of rats and CCI models were established as previously described.The thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were assessed by paw withdrawal latency(PWL) to radiant heat and yon Frey filaments.The DEX was administered intrathecally for 7 days starting from 2 day before surgery or 7day after surgery.The spinal cord expression of TLR3 mRNA was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Levels of IL-1β,TNF-α in spinal cord were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Compared with the sham group,animals in CCI group had significandy lower mechanical (F =12.73,P ＜ 0.05) and thermal pain thresholds (F =14.65,P ＜ 0.05),higher expression of TLR3 mRNA (F =11.03,P ＜ 0.05) and levels of IL-1 β (F =9.67,P ＜ 0.05),TNF-α(F =8.78,P ＜ 0.05) in the spinal cord (P ＜ 0.05).Rats in DEX-pre group had significantly higher mechanical (F =11.03,P ＜ 0.05) and thermal pain thresholds (F =15.03,P ＜ 0.05) and significantly lower expression of TLR3 mRNA (F =14.65,P ＜0.05) and levels of IL-1β (F =12.51,P＜0.05,TNF-α (F =9.01,P ＜0.05) in the spinal cord compared with those in the CCI group (at any observed time points after ligation,but most significantly at 7 d).And the effects of DEX-pre group were abated by IT ATIP at the same time or 7days after surgery alone (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Intrathecal injection of DEX can decrease the levels of inflammatory factors by decreasing the TLR3 mRNA in the spinal cord of rats and prophylactic relieve the neuropathic pain induced by CCI.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Relatar nossa experiência com varizes do nervo ciático e indicar que tipo de paciente é mais provável de ser acometido por essa patologia. Método: A amostra foi constituída de 2.400 pacientes, selecionando-se 80 deles (3,3%) como possíveis portadores de varizes do nervo ciático. Foram considerados pacientes suspeitos: pacientes portadores de varizes na face lateral da perna, coxa e oco poplíteo; pacientes com recidiva anárquica de varizes após safenectomia; pacientes com sintomas e exames positivos para varizes pélvicas; pacientes com história prévia de trombose venosa profunda; pacientes com queixas de dores ciáticas e aumento do diâmetro de um membro com relação ao outro. Esses pacientes foram submetidos a exames detalhados e rigorosos do losango poplíteo com objetivo de identificar varizes dentro da bainha do nervo ciático e na face lateral da perna. Desses, 10 foram submetidos à angiografia venosa para detalhar a relação anatômica com o nervo ciático. Resultados: De 80 pacientes previamente selecionados, encontramos 21 (26,3%) casos positivos para varizes do nervo ciático ao exame ecográfico. Dez pacientes tinham varizes do nervo ciático associadas a recidiva anárquica de varizes após safenectomia e outros 10 associadas a varizes pélvicas. A dor ciática esteve presente em 100% dos pacientes positivos para VNC. Conclusão: Varizes do nervo ciático são pouco conhecidas pela medicina. Se o médico fizer uma seleção prévia conforme descrito em ?pacientes e métodos? e concentrar-se no exame ecográfico do losango poplíteo e face lateral da perna, irá se surpreender com o elevado número de casos de varizes do nervo ciático que diagnosticará.
Objective: To report our experience with patients with sciatic nerve varices (SNV) and to indicate which type of patient is more likely to be afflicted with this particular pathology. Method: The sample consisted of 2,400 patients, selecting 80 (3.3%) as possible sufferers of SNV. Patients with the following conditions were highly suspected: patients with varices on the lateral aspect of the leg, the thigh, and oco politeo; patients with uncontrolled variceal recurrence after a safenectomy; patients with symptoms of and who tested positive for pelvic varices; patients with a history of deep vein thrombosis; and patients complaining of sciatic pain along with an increase in the diameter of one limb in relation to the other. These patients underwent detailed and rigorous examination of the ?losango popliteo? with the objective of identifying varices inside the sheath of the sciatic nerve and on the lateral aspect of the leg. Of these, 10 underwent venous angiography to detail the anatomical relationship with the sciatic nerve. Results: Of the 80 patients previously selected, we found 21 (26.3%) cases that were positive for SNV through ultrasound. Ten patients had SNV associated with uncontrolled variceal recurrence after safenectomy, while the other 10 were associated with pelvic varices. Sciatic pain was present in 100% of the patients who tested positive for SNV. Conclusion: SNV are not well known in Medicine. If the doctor makes a examination as described in the ?patients and methods? section and concentrates on the ultrasound scan of the ?diamond popliteal? and lateral aspect of the leg, he or she will be surprised by the high number of cases of SNV that will be diagnosed.