La gestión editorial de las revistas científicas como componente de la actividad de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación

Introducción: La actividad de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación constituye en la actualidad un pilar básico en el desarrollo de un país. Las revistas científicas son parte esencial de la investigación científica por ser el principal vehículo para la divulgación de los resultados. Objetivo: Realizar una valoración teórica sobre la concepción de la gestión editorial como una actividad científica. Método: Se utilizaron métodos de análisis documental mediante la selección de información obtenida de bases de datos científicas como SciELO, Scopus y Google Académico, con la utilización de criterios: gestión editorial; revistas científicas y actividad de ciencia y tecnología. Resultados: Se abordaron aspectos relacionados con la evolución de la comunicación científica a través de las revistas, sus enfoques tradicionalista, tecnológico y social; así como su papel en la comunicación científica de los resultados de la investigación científica y la gestión editorial para la publicación de las revistas científicas. Conclusiones: Los autores conciben la gestión editorial de las revistas científicas como un proceso científico-técnico con marcado carácter pedagógico que, a través de la evaluación rigurosa del resultado de investigación, depura y socializa el producto de la creación científica.

Introduction: Science, Technology and Innovation activity currently constitutes a basic pillar in the development of a country. Scientific journals are an essential part of scientific research as they are the main vehicle for the dissemination of results. Objective: To carry out a theoretical assessment of the conception of editorial management as a scientific activity. Method: Documentary analysis methods were used by selecting information obtained from scientific databases such as SciELO, Scopus and Google Scholar, using criteria: editorial management; scientific journals and science and technology activity. Results: Aspects related to the evolution of scientific communication through magazines, their traditionalist, technological and social approaches were addressed; as well as its role in the scientific communication of the results of scientific research and the editorial management for the publication of scientific journals. Conclusions: The authors conceive the editorial management of scientific journals as a scientific-technical process with a marked pedagogical character that, through the rigorous evaluation of the research result, purifies and socializes the product of scientific creation.

Introdução: A atividade de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação constitui atualmente um pilar básico no desenvolvimento de um país. As revistas científicas são uma parte essencial da investigação científica, pois são o principal veículo de divulgação dos resultados. Objetivo: Realizar uma avaliação teórica da concepção de gestão editorial como atividade científica. Método: Foram utilizados métodos de análise documental selecionando informações obtidas em bases de dados científicos como SciELO, Scopus e Google Acadêmico, utilizando critérios: gestão editorial; revistas científicas e atividades de ciência e tecnologia. Resultados: Foram abordados aspectos relacionados à evolução da comunicação científica por meio de revistas, suas abordagens tradicionalistas, tecnológicas e sociais; bem como o seu papel na comunicação científica dos resultados da investigação científica e na gestão editorial da publicação de revistas científicas. Conclusões: Os autores concebem a gestão editorial das revistas científicas como um processo técnico-científico de marcado caráter pedagógico que, por meio da avaliação rigorosa do resultado da pesquisa, purifica e socializa o produto da criação científica.

Enlightenment of Prevention Experience of Scientific Misconduct in Extraterritorial Medical Field to China / 中国医学伦理学

Scientific misconduct of researchers causes great waste of academic resources and academic life, which is not only related to the vigorous development of a country’s scientific undertaking, but also directly affects the reputation of the country in the field of scientific research. Based on the analysis of the causes of scientific misconduct of medical researchers in China, this paper comprehensively summarized a series of mature experiences of extraterritorial medical field in preventing scientific misconduct, and put forward corresponding and reasonable countermeasures and suggestions for China’s scientific research governance from three aspects: establishing an effective governance structure based on the normative framework, clarifying the definition standards of scientific research dishonesty in laws and regulations, and formulating good prevention procedures in a healthy academic environment, in order to promote the healthy development of scientific research in China’s medical field and further promote the innovation and progress of medical science and technology.

Supervision Strategy and Implementation Key Points of Scientific and Technological Ethical Governance in Health and Medical Field / 中国医学伦理学

The ethical governance of science and technology is a kind of practical ethics, which develops in the process of continuously solving the ethical problems and ethical conflicts arising from scientific and technological activities. Ethical governance has common requirements and professional standards. Health-related science and technology activities, including the application of life science and artificial intelligence in health and medical field, make the medical ethical governance face common and unique challenges. The supervision and ethical review should consider the speciality of life science and medical research, and bring the existing ethical review system into full play. However, the focus, emphasis and standards of ethical governance have changed with the application of some technologies (ex. the next-generation sequencing, gene editing, and artificial intelligence). Actions should be taken to strengthen the ethical governance and promote ethics in advance with science and technological implementation in health and medical field. Here in this article, the classified, hierarchical supervision and ethical review strategies are discussed; then some potential effective organization and mechanisms for regional ethics committees are introduced. Promoting the medical education and continuing education of ethical governance of science and technology is also recommended.

Research and Reflection on Strengthening the Construction of Life Science and Medical Research Ethics Training System in Colleges and Universities / 中国医学伦理学

The construction of the scientific and technological ethics management system is crucial to ensure the healthy development of scientific research, and is also the premise and foundation for the scientific and technological innovation and "double first-class" construction of colleges and universities. This paper through the investigation of college life science and medical research ethics committees’ relevant situation, concentrated on the comparative analysis of the construction of ethics training system to identify problems and shortcomings, combined with the work example of Peking University and the current development trend of life science and medical research, some suggestions, including take advantage of the combination of medical services, teaching and research at universities, were put forward to provide possible reference for further updating of the science and technology ethics management in colleges and universities.

Science and Technology Ethics Governance, How to Put Ethics First? / 中国医学伦理学

Science and technology ethics governance, how to put ethics first? The purpose of "technological innovation, ethics first" is to build an ethical soft landing mechanism for scientific and technological innovation. Researchers of science and technology ethics should start from the practice of international and domestic science and technology ethics governance, and explore the realistic way of science and technology ethics governance on the basis of understanding and thinking about the innovative culture, value orientation and operation mechanism. First of all, it should be noted that seeking technical, management and institutional solutions in the current ethical governance of science and technology may not be perfect and thorough, but operable management measures can be explored and continuously improved under the framework of mainstream scientific and technological innovation. Secondly, the co-governance of science and technology ethics needs to further explore the corresponding group co-governance epistemology facing pluralistic co-governance. Finally, the ethical governance of science and technology should pay attention to the principle of proportionality, and avoid both lax and being too strict.

Discrimination of the Governance Principles of Science and Technology Ethics and Dissemination of Ideas / 中国医学伦理学

Ethical governance is inherent in responsible research and innovation. The Opinions on Strengthening Ethical Governance of Science and Technology puts forward five ethical principles: promoting human well-being, respecting the right to life, adhering to fairness and justice, reasonably controlling risks and maintaining openness and transparency. This paper interpreted the ideas, key points and difficulties of these five ethical principles. Three suggestions were put forward to strengthen the ethics education of science and technology: first, optimize the curriculum of science and technology ethics for related majors in colleges and universities, and help young students understand ethical principles and establish the correct ethics view of science and technology; second, colleges and universities should carry out education and training for teachers, researchers, managers and members of ethics committees, and actively explore scientific research ethics training and effect evaluation; third, the professional courses offered by college teachers should be organically integrated with the ideological and political content of the courses to play a warning role.

The Ethical Principles of Science and Technology Need Concrete Research to Guide / 中国医学伦理学

On March 20, 2022, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued The Opinions on Strengthening Ethical Governance of Science and Technology, which put forward five ethical principles of science and technology: promoting human well-being, respecting the right to life, adhering to fairness and justice, reasonably controlling risks and maintaining openness and transparency. Ethical principles require to be studied and interpreted concretely by ethical scholars, that is, first, they need to be refined in order to be truly guided; second, the principle of balance is needed to truly guide; third, it is necessary to study ethical theory in order to truly guide; fourth, it is significant to explore Chinese civilization in order to truly guide. In this way, the ethical principles of science and technology can be practically applied and guide the concrete practice of science and technology.

Comunidades epistêmicas e os desafios na formação de técnicos em saúde na pandemia de covid-19 / Epistemic communities and the challenges of training health technicians during the COVID-19 pandemic / Comunidades epistémicas y retos en cuanto a la educación de los técnicos en salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19

RESUMO Este artigo discute a atuação da comunidade epistêmica ligada à formação de técnicos em saúde a partir da análise das ações desencadeadas pelo Centro Colaborador da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS) para a educação desses técnicos durante a pandemia de covid-19, com o objetivo de cotejar essas ações com os principais elementos que definem a constituição e o funcionamento de comunidades epistêmicas conforme a literatura especializada. Argumenta-se que, a despeito das diferenças na configuração histórica dos sistemas nacionais de saúde e dos sistemas formadores, o surgimento de desafios comuns na formação de técnicos propiciou articulação de demandas, compartilhamento de avaliações diagnósticas e cooperação entre a Rede Internacional de Educação de Técnicos em Saúde, a Rede Ibero-Americana de Educação de Técnicos em Saúde e a Rede de Escolas Técnicas de Saúde da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, promovendo troca de experiências, busca de soluções estratégicas e disseminação de recomendações entre os países. Ao reafirmar o papel central dos técnicos nas ações de vigilância epidemiológica, diagnóstico e assistência, a emergência sanitária exigiu respostas imediatas e consistentes de governos e instituições formadoras, favorecendo o fortalecimento da comunidade epistêmica de formação de técnicos em saúde pela circulação de discursos e da hegemonização de sentidos para a educação de técnicos em saúde. Essa atuação, no entanto, não confere estabilidade ou homogeneidade à comunidade epistêmica de formação de técnicos em saúde, uma vez que suas articulações são provisórias e contingentes, nem assegura capacidade de influência direta sobre as políticas em cada país.

ABSTRACT This article discusses the role of the epistemic community linked to the training of health technicians through analysis of the actions initiated by the Pan-American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) Collaborating Center for the education of these technicians during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim of comparing these actions with the main elements that define the constitution and functioning of epistemic communities according to the specialized literature. It is argued that, despite the differences in the historical configuration of national healthcare and training systems, the emergence of common challenges in the training of technicians allowed the articulation of demands, the sharing of diagnostic assessments, and the cooperation between the International Network of Health Technicians Education, the Ibero-American Network of Health Technicians Education, and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries Network of Health Technician Schools, promoting the exchange of experiences, the search for strategic solutions, and the dissemination of recommendations across countries. By reaffirming the central role of health technicians in epidemiological surveillance, diagnosis and assistance, the COVID health emergency demanded immediate and consistent responses from governments and educational institutions, favoring the strengthening of the health technician epistemic community through the circulation of discourses and the hegemonization of meanings for the education of technicians. These actions, however, do not translate into stability or homogeneity for the epistemic community, since their articulation is always provisional and contingent, nor do they ensure the capacity to directly influence policies in each country.

RESUMEN En este artículo se examina el desempeño de la comunidad epistémica vinculada a la educación de técnicos en salud a partir del análisis de las medidas iniciadas por el centro colaborador de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS/OMS) para la educación de técnicos en salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19, con el objetivo de comparar estas medidas con los principales elementos que definen la constitución y el funcionamiento de las comunidades epistémicas, de conformidad con la bibliografía especializada. Se argumenta que, a pesar de las diferencias en la configuración histórica de los sistemas nacionales de salud y de educación, el surgimiento de desafíos comunes para la educación de técnicos propició la articulación de demandas, el intercambio de evaluaciones con fines de diagnóstico y la cooperación entre la Red Internacional de Educación de Técnicos en Salud, la Red Iberoamericana de Educación de Técnicos en Salud y la Red de Escuelas Técnicas de Salud de la Comunidad de Países de Lengua Portuguesa, con el fin de promover el intercambio de experiencias, la búsqueda de soluciones estratégicas y la difusión de recomendaciones entre los países. Al reafirmar el papel central de los técnicos en las medidas de vigilancia epidemiológica, diagnóstico y atención, la emergencia de salud exigió respuestas inmediatas y coherentes de los gobiernos y de las instituciones educativas, lo cual favoreció el fortalecimiento de la comunidad epistémica vinculada a la educación de técnicos en salud al hacer circular discursos y ejercer hegemonía con respecto al sentido de la educación de esos profesionales. Sin embargo, esta actuación no confiere estabilidad ni homogeneidad a dicha comunidad epistémica, en vista de que sus afirmaciones son provisionales y contingentes, ni asegura su capacidad de influir directamente en las políticas de cada país.

Bibliometría y mapeo de redes de la producción científica internacional de Cuba sobre ataxias (1993-2020) / Bibliometrics and network mapping of Cuban international scientific production on ataxias (1993-2020)

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el potencial investigador cubano en el ámbito de las ataxias y su evolución temporal. Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos Web of Science y se obtuvieron todos los documentos publicados entre 1993 y 2020. Se aplicaron indicadores bibliométricos para explorar la producción, dispersión, distribución y crecimiento anual de los documentos (ley de Price, ley de Lotka, índice de transitoriedad y modelo de Bradford). Se calculó el índice de participación y colaboración de países e instituciones y, por cartografía bibliométrica, se exploraron las redes de coocurrencia de los términos más utilizados. La producción científica de Cuba sobre ataxias hereditarias es alta (219 documentos) y se ajusta a un crecimiento lineal (r= 0,7580). El período estudiado concentra el 47,95 por ciento de los registros con un ritmo anual de publicaciones del 6,6 por ciento y tiempo de duplicidad de 10,8 años. El total de citas fue de 3807 (índice medio: 131,27; índice -h: 31). Se concluye que el crecimiento de la literatura científica cubana sobre ataxias fue lineal para el período estudiado, lo que confirma el incumplimiento de la ley de Price de crecimiento de la literatura científica. El estudio también corrobora la importante red de integración y cooperación internacional entre los diferentes autores y la interdisciplinariedad de los trabajos, evidencia del éxito del Centro para la Investigación y Rehabilitación de las Ataxias Hereditarias (CIRAH), al planificar una estrategia de colaboración científica con objetivos definidos(AU)

The objective of this study was to characterize the Cuban research potential in the field of ataxias and its temporal evolution. A search was carried out in the Web of Science database and all the documents published from 1993 to 2020 were retrieved. Bibliometric indicators were applied to explore the production, dispersion, distribution and annual growth of the documents (Price's law, Lotka's law, transience index and Bradford model). The participation and collaboration index of countries and institutions was calculated and, through bibliometric cartography, the co-occurrence networks of the most used terms were explored. The Cuban scientific production on hereditary ataxias is high (219 documents) and it adjusts to a linear growth (r = 0.7580). The period studied concentrates 47.95percent of the records with an annual publication rate of 6.6percent and 10.8 years' duplication time. The total number of citations was 3807 (mean index: 131.27; h-index: 31). Growth of the Cuban scientific literature on ataxias was concluded to be linear for the period studied, which confirms the non-compliance with Price's law of growth of scientific literature. The study also corroborates the important network of integration and international cooperation among the different authors and the interdisciplinarity of the papers, marking the success of the Center for Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), when planning a strategy of scientific collaboration with objectives defined(AU)

Vulnerabilidades em saúde e a importância da integração da produção local de medicamentos estratégicos para o SUS / Health vulnerabilities and the importance of integrating local production of strategic medicines for the SUS

Resumo A existência de uma cadeia de suprimentos local fortalecida é condição essencial para o acesso universal à saúde. Esse artigo permite avançar para uma agenda de políticas públicas para envolver todo o sistema produtivo da saúde, incluindo componentes estratégicos da cadeia produtiva para além dos insumos farmacêuticos ativos (IFA), sem os quais, o acesso universal e a soberania em saúde se tornam inviáveis, vulnerabilizando o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) brasileiro. Com essa perspectiva, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa, com observação de campo entre informantes-chave da cadeia de suprimentos da produção de medicamentos do principal Laboratório Farmacêutico Oficial do país. O resultado mostrou que, assim como os insumos farmacêuticos ativos, existem outros itens estratégicos para a saúde na cadeia de suprimentos que se configuram em gargalos tecnológicos. Com isso, espera-se ter contribuído para a ampliação do debate sobre as vulnerabilidades em saúde, relacionando a estrutura produtiva e econômica ao acesso universal, contribuindo, em âmbito nacional e internacional, no estabelecimento de um elo teórico entre a economia, a produção local e os direitos sociais.

Abstract A strengthened local supply chain is an essential and highly relevant condition for universal access to health care. This article enables a movement towards a public policy agenda that involve the entire productive health system, including strategic components of the production chain beyond active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), without which universal health access and health sovereignty become unfeasible, leaving the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) vulnerable. Within this perspective, qualitative bibliographic research was conducted together with field observation among key informants of the drug production supply chain from Brazil's main Official Pharmaceutical Laboratory. Results showed that in addition to active pharmaceutical ingredients, other strategic health care items in the supply chain also constitute technological bottlenecks. These findings may contribute to expand the debate on health vulnerabilities, relating the productive and economic structure to universal access, thus establishing, nationally and internationally, a theoretical link between the economy, production local and social rights.

Da imaginação à neuroimagem: uma análise antropológica sobre a racionalidade do efeito placebo em ensaios clínicos / From imagination to neuroimage: An anthropological analysis on the rationality of the placebo effect in clinical trials

Resumo O efeito placebo é um ponto de passagem obrigatório para a compreensão da racionalidade envolvida nos ensaios clínicos randomizados. A partir da antropologia da ciência e da tecnologia, este artigo analisa como a noção de efeito placebo tem sido utilizada pela ciência na produção de fronteiras biossociais. Assim, enfoca fenômenos que inicialmente eram atribuídos à imaginação e analisa as consequências de novas metodologias científicas que têm reconhecido outras potencialidades desse efeito, mas tendem a privilegiar marcadores biológicos. O argumento central é que a disputa epistemológica oculta a existência múltipla do efeito placebo que pode ser reconhecida em função das diferentes práticas às quais ele confere racionalidade.

Abstract The placebo effect is an obligatory passage point to understand rationality in randomized clinical trials. From the perspective of science and technology studies, this paper analyzes how the notion of the placebo effect has been used by science in the production of biosocial borders. Thus, it will pay attention to the phenomena considered caused by imagination, and we will analyze the consequences of new methodologies that have recognized other potentialities of this effect but tend to favor biological markers. The central argument is that the epistemological dispute hides the multiple existences of the placebo effect to be recognized due to the different scientific practices to which it confers rationality.

Legado da epidemia de Zika vírus: o impacto da associação causal para além da ciência de laboratório / Zika virus epidemic legacy: the impact of causal association beyond laboratory science

Resumo Passados mais de quatro anos da epidemia de Zika vírus, tem-se a tarefa de continuar a investigar o seu legado. Aqui, descreve-se o impacto da associação causal entre o Zika vírus e as alterações observadas em fetos e bebês, uma busca que marcou a pauta dos cientistas e da imprensa entre 2015 e 2017. Por meio dos estudos Sociais de Ciência e Tecnologia, que vê o fato científico como coproduzido pela ciência e pela sociedade, realizamos 17 entrevistas semiestruturadas entre cientistas, gestores, professionais de saúde e famílias de crianças em oito cidades brasileiras. Vê-se que a causalidade teve impacto parcial e dúbio na organização dos serviços - com a sobreposição entre vigilância e atenção, gerando, inicialmente, assimetrias no Sistema Único de Saúde. Entre as famílias e profissionais de saúde, nota-se demandas por pesquisas de intervenções e de cuidado, consideradas como não sendo prioridade entre os cientistas. Já entre os pesquisadores, observa-se distanciamento entre estudo e enfrentamento, com o social sendo constituído por demandas não integradas ao campo científico. Para que demandas sociais encontrem fluxo no fazer científico, sugere-se para crises futuras de saúde pública a multiplicação do número de perguntas da ciência e a maior diversidade dos desenhos de pesquisa.

Abstract More than four years after the Zika virus epidemic, we are left with the task of investigating its legacy. Here, we describe the impact of the causal association between the Zika virus and the abnormalities seen in fetuses, a search that marked the scientific and press agenda at the time. By using the Social Studies of Science and Technology, which establishes the scientific fact as co-produced by science and society, we carried out 17 semi-structured interviews between scientists, managers, health professionals and families of the children in eight Brazilian cities. We observed that causality had a partial and dubious impact on the organization of services - with the overlap between surveillance and care initially generating asymmetries in the Brazilian Unified Health System. Between families and health professionals, there are demands for research on interventions and care, considered as not being prioritized among scientists. Among the researchers, we notice a gap between study and coping, with the social being constituted by demands that are not integrated into the scientific field. For future public health crises, we point to multiplying the number of research questions and study designs, so that social demands find flow in scientific doing.

Research progress of China's science and technology ethics governance from the perspective of collaborative governance / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To review the concept of science and technology ethics, analyze the problems faced by science and technology ethics governance from the perspective of collaborative governance, and then propose suggestions.Methods:Using the literature review method, we searched and screened relevant literature on science and technology ethics governance, extracted the research content and results of such literature for systematically review and summarization.Results:The problems of China′s science and technology ethics governance include slow legalization progress, unclear disciplinary standards, unsound governance systems, and weak scientific and technological ethics awareness among researchers.Conclusions:Strengthening the governance of science and technology ethics requires a multi-level approach, including strengthening the legislation of science and technology ethics, improving the governance mechanism, and improving the awareness of science and technology ethics among the scientists and technologists.

Scientific unknown-base in medical field: Supporting problem-oriented priority setting in basic research / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:The present study delves into the realm of scientific unknowns, which serve as the primary representation of major scientific challenges and often give rise to subversive, non-consensus, and high-risk scientific problems. Addressing this pivotal aspect, we focus on the development of scientific unknown identification methods and tool platforms to provide essential data support for priority setting of basic research through a problem-oriented approach. Such efforts are imperative for managing the scientific and technological innovation system within the context of demands and problem-solving.Methods:While numerous knowledge bases have been established in the medical field, there remains a notable lack of focus on the unknown base. The paper synthesizes relevant literature and existing research, amalgamating the methodological paradigm of scientific big data research with text mining. This integration facilitates comprehensive interpretations and enlightening insights concerning the concept, identification methods, and construction of an unknown-base.Results:By systematically analyzing the concept of scientific unknowns, we present a recognition method based on cognitive state and logical rules. Furthermore, we discuss a classification framework and realization path for scientific unknowns from the dimensions of attribute, relationship, and disease, thereby providing foundational insights for the construction of a medical unknown database.Conclusions:Notably, the research on unknowns in medical science transcends disciplinary boundaries, encompassing the confluence of information science, data science, medical informatics, and science and technology management. As such, this paper seeks to expound upon the significance and application scenarios of unknown research in science, furnishing valuable ideas and references for scholars in the field.

Experience and thinking of principal investigator system management in laboratories of medical schools / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Principal Investigator (PI) system is the most common model of scientific research organization and management in colleges and universities. PI is the head of the laboratory or the leader of the research team who has the authority to manage the supporting team, funds, and space (laboratory). We aim to explore the advantages and problems of the PI system implementation and deeply understand how to effectively and scientifically manage the project management, personnel coordination, and fund use of the entire team to promote the scientific research output of the PI platform of medical schools in China.Methods:By concluding and analyzing the management experience and main bottlenecks of PI laboratories at home and abroad, and summarizing our center's experience in assisting the management of PI laboratories in life sciences, we explored a new model of PI system development suitable for China.Results:Under PI system, the person in charge systematically learns to operate his or her laboratory scientifically. Perfection and improvement of the methodologies of team formation, laboratory public affairs management, and laboratory fund management can effectively avoid existing problems and follow the intrinsic laws of scientific research development and truth-seeking, promote the development in discipline development, interdisciplinary cooperation, personnel training, and study style construction.Conclusions:As the leader and manager of the scientific research team, PI is critical to the development of scientific research in universities in China. The incubation of a new scientific management model for the PI team is conducive to promoting the scientific and technological innovation of the PI team and the long-term development of scientific research institutions.

Research on the hierarchical supervision of national science and technology programs from the perspective of science and technology ethics / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:This paper analyzed the current situation and issues of ethical supervision of science and technology projects supported by central financial funds and proposed countermeasures to improve project management.Methods:Considering the practical management experience of a key special project during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, this article investigated ethical supervision issues in various stages including guideline preparation, review and approval, process management, and final acceptance, and proposed four levels of review for ethical oversight according to the characteristics of the research projects and the degree of ethical risks involved.Results:Firstly, lower-risk projects should still be reviewed by the Institutional Ethics Committee, and the project implementation unit should primarily assume responsibility for ethical supervision and follow-up on the review. Second, in addition to the review by the Institutional Ethics Committee, the Project Management Institution should strengthen ethical supervision and take risk control measures at different nodes for sensitive projects and higher ethical risk projects. Third, projects with large ethical controversies and high-risk projects should be reviewed by the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee and a public participation discussion mechanism for major ethical issues should be established. Finally, it is suggested to conduct prospective ethical studies for cutting-edge new technologies and new fields.Conclusions:In the process of managing science and technology program projects, strengthening ethical oversight in the management of science and technology projects should both standardize relevant scientific and technological research activities and not impede the growth of scientific and technological innovation. In view of the differences in ethical risks that may be involved in different projects, hierarchical examination, and supervision measures should be taken to effectively guarantee the smooth implementation of science and technology planning projects.

Research on the reform of position setting and performance evaluation in medical research institutes under the background of institute integration / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explore the collaborative innovation development mechanism of hospitals and research institutes, fully integrate the institute personnel with hospitals, and conduct classified management and performance appraisal, promoting the integrated development of hospitals and research institutes.Methods:The idea of personnel classification, the establishment of an integrated research team, and technical team groupings and service directions were determined through key informant interviews, research ability and technical strength surveys, and other research methods; The performance appraisal scheme of research teams were established by using literature analysis and optimization and Delphi expert investigation; The platform team assessment programs were established by qualitative research methods.Results:Built a position setting framework for research institutes, formed hospital-institute integrated research teams around the hospital's clinical advantageous disciplines with researchers and clinical staff, set up platform teams based on existing equipment and technicians′ specialties, established a performance appraisal scheme for research teams based on Science and Technology Evaluation Metrics(STEM), determined a full-dimensional comprehensive performance evaluation scheme for the technology platforms based on service volume and quality.Conclusions:This study formulated a set of position setting and performance evaluation schemes that fit with the current situation of municipal research institutes, and explored a new scientific research cooperation mechanism of resource sharing, team co-construction, and technology sharing, which can provide a certain reference value for the reform of other medical research institutes.

Discussion on countermeasures of medical research integrity governance: Analysis of medical research integrity cases based on the notification of ministry of science and technology / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To study the characteristics and patterns of medical research integrity cases reported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, and to explore the countermeasures to strengthen the management of medical research integrity.Methods:20 batches of 555 cases of scientific research integrity cases publicly reported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China from June 2021 to May 2022 were taken as the research objects, and the papers involved, regional distribution, scientific research dishonesty and disciplinary measures were classified and analyzed.Results:Data falsification was the most common problem of scientific research dishonesty, accounting for 47.39%. Shandong Province was the province with the most reported cases, accounting for 50.81%. 27.67% of the corresponding authors received 5 disciplinary measures, and 26.28% of the first authors received 6 disciplinary measures. Among the disciplinary measures, the proportion of suspension of applications for various scientific research projects was the highest, with 87.60% of corresponding authors and 91.42% of first authors receiving this punishment. The corresponing authors with 5 years suspension accounted for 49.24% of all years, and the first authors accounted for 57.48%.Conclusions:To promote the integrity governance of medical research, we should strengthen the supervision of medical journals, promote regional exchanges, encourage active error correction, and improve the construction of scientific research integrity database.

Research on academic performance of "double first-class" medical universities based on CIPP model / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To build and optimize the academic performance evaluation system and process of medical colleges, and to provide reference and support for the construction of "double first-class" medical colleges.Methods:Based on CIPP model (context, evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation and product evaluation), this paper studied the evaluation method of "double first-class" university academic performance analysis, constructed the evaluation model of medical colleges academic performance from four elements of reflecting the background, input, process and results of academic research activities, established the evaluation process, and selected 10 universities for empirical research.Results:The comprehensive weight was obtained by entropy weight method and expert scoring method. The relative proximity between each evaluation object and the optimal scheme was calculated by technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, and the comprehensive calculation value of academic performance level of each university was obtained.Conclusion:The construction of academic performance evaluation system of universities based on CIPP model and entropy weight TOPSIS method is an effective discussion and expanding research on academic evaluation of colleges, and can provide references for the analysis of academic performance with medical characteristics.

3. A Newly Established Quality and Competency "Making Use of Information, Science and Technology" / 医学教育

Due to the importance of developing physicians' competencies to utilize information, science, and technology, the 2022 revision of the Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education newly established guidelines for qualities and competencies, which it refers to as "Competencies to utilize information, science, and technology." The Model Core Curriculum outlines these qualities as "understanding the ever-developing information society and practicing medical research and treatment while utilizing information, science and technology such as artificial intelligence." The guidelines are organized by the three perspectives of "ethical viewpoints and rules for dealing with information, science and technology," "principles of information, science and technology necessary for medicine and its surrounding society," and "utilization of information, science and technology in the medical field." The objectives of the course were set from the three perspectives of "ethics and rules for dealing with information, science and technology," "principles of information, science and technology necessary for medicine and the society surrounding it," and "utilization of information, science and technology in medical practice." We looked back on the process of formulating these qualities and competencies, which will become increasingly important, and discussed their future prospects.