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1.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 23(2): 341-357, abr.-jun. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-783831

ABSTRACT

O artigo examina a epidemia de cólera-morbo que atingiu a província de Pernambuco em 1855, focalizando as controvérsias médico-científicas que giraram em torno da definição dos princípios de comunicação da moléstia e dividiram as opiniões médicas entre duas concepções distintas: o contágio e a infecção. São analisados documentos e relatórios produzidos pela Sociedade de Medicina de Pernambuco e pelo Conselho Geral de Salubridade Pública que permitem descrever o programa médico-sanitário oficial formado por engenheiros, cientistas e médicos com o objetivo de construir um projeto de cidade salubre – modelo de civilização que integra a remodelação do espaço urbano à disseminação de novos hábitos entre a população. Trata-se, essencialmente, de acompanhar uma ciência e uma sociedade em devir.


The article examines the cholera morbus epidemic that afflicted the province of Pernambuco, Brazil, in 1855, focusing on the medical and scientific controversies about how the disease spread, which split medical opinion into two camps: contagion and infection. Documents and reports produced by the Society of Medicine of Pernambuco and the General Public Health Board were analyzed, based on which it was possible to describe the official medical and sanitation program, involving engineers, scientists, and physicians, designed to plan a salubrious city – a model of civilization that combined redeveloping the urban space and disseminating new habits amongst the local people. It is essentially an exercise in observing a science and a society as they take shape.


Subject(s)
Humans , Communicable Diseases , Disease Outbreaks , History, 19th Century
2.
Summa psicol. UST ; 12(1): 39-50, 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-783375

ABSTRACT

El presente trabajo expone un relevamiento empírico de carácter histórico acerca de la inserción, definición y valorización de controversias científicas en psicología en función de ciertas tendencias historiográficas en psicología. Con el objetivo general de revisar la importancia de las instancias controversiales para el desarrollo científico de la psicología, y el objetivo específico de posibilitar acercamientos entre la historiografía de la psicología y los estudios sociales de la ciencia, se describe primero la definición y explicación de las controversias históricas realizadas por la historiografía clásica de la psicología, enfatizándose el carácter anómalo de tales controversias para dicha historiografía dados sus implícitos teórico-metodológicos. Se detalla luego la redefinición realizada en torno a controversias históricas por la ‘nueva historia’ de la psicología. Se remarca que tal redefinición se debió en parte a la incorporación por los historiadores de ciertos principios y recursos explicativos sociológicos de la historia social de la ciencia y de los estudios sociales de la ciencia. Se concluye sobre el carácter productivo de tal redefinición y de las prospectivas de profundizar en análisis socio-históricos de controversias psicológicas...


This paper presents an empirical (historical) survey about the insertion, definition and valuation of scientific controversies in psychology on the basis of certain historiographical trends in History of Psychology. With the overall objective of reviewing the importance of controversial instances for the scientific development of psychology, and the specific objective of enabling rapprochement between the historiography of psychology and social studies of science, the definition and explanation given about historical controversies by the classic historiography of psychology are first described, emphasizing the anomalous character of such controversies to said historiography given the implicit theoretical and methodological principles of such tradition. The redefinition of historical controversies by the ‘new history’ of psychology developed since 1970 is then detailed. It is noted that such redefinition took place partly due to the historians’ incorporation of certain sociological and socio-historical principles and explanatory resources from social history of science and social studies of science. The positive character of such a redefinition and of the foresight of deeper socio-historical analysis of controversies in psychology is then concluded...


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Sciences , Empiricism , Historiography , Psychology/history
3.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 18(3): 677-700, 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601974

ABSTRACT

A fim de analisar a discussão sobre a eficácia do soro antipestoso produzido pelo Instituto de Manguinhos no começo do século XX, faz-se breve apreciação da atuação de Oswaldo Cruz à frente da Diretoria de Saúde Pública e, em seguida, aborda-se a polêmica propriamente por meio da sua correspondência com Miguel Pereira, Vital Brazil, Chapot Prévost e Francisco Fajardo. Evidencia-se, nessas cartas, o grau de incerteza e experimentação que marcava a bacteriologia no Brasil daquele momento, embora, publicamente, ela se apresentasse como conhecimento seguro e inquestionável. Mostra-se como argumentos de natureza extracientífica interferem no desenvolvimento de pesquisas e na aceitação dos produtos médicos.


This analysis of the discussion surrounding the efficacy of the plague serum produced by Manguinhos Institute in the early twentieth century begins with an overview of Oswaldo Cruz's service as head of the Public Health Directorship (Diretoria de Saúde Pública). The controversy itself is then addressed, through an exploration of correspondence exchanged by physicians Oswaldo Cruz, Miguel Pereira, Vital Brazil, Chapot Prévost, and Francisco Fajardo. Their letters reveal how bacteriology in Brazil was then marked by uncertainty and experimentation, even while this field of knowledge publicly touted itself as safe and incontestable. The article shows how arguments of an extra-scientific nature interfere with both research development and the acceptance of medical products.


Subject(s)
Bacteriology , Public Health , Serology , Brazil
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