Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 24
Filter
1.
Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research ; (12): 641-644, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-955500

ABSTRACT

Objective:To develop a learning scale of scientific methods for medical students and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale.Methods:Based on the principles of planned behavior theory, the original scale was developed through literature analysis, pre-interview and experts' consultation. A preliminary survey was conducted among 105 medical undergraduates with random cluster sampling, and the primary scale was formed by exploratory factor analysis. Then, 851 undergraduates were selected as the objects of formal survey, and the formal scale was finally determined by the reliability and validity evaluation and confirmatory factor analysis. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 softwares were used for statistical analysis of the measurement data.Results:The formal scale was composed of 5 latent variables, 9 observed variables and 51 items. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient and the overall retest reliability were 0.97 and 0.89, respectively. Composite reliability and KMO values of each latent variable were more than 0.80, and the values of average variance extraction were over 0.50. The fitness test ( P=0.155) showed acceptable fitting quality with the main fit indices of χ2/ df=1.41, RMR=0.04, RMSEA=0.02, etc. Conclusion:The learning scale of scientific methods shows satisfactory reliability, validity and fitness, which can be applied as a measuring tool to evaluate the learning behavior of scientific methods for medical students.

2.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 41: e221647, 2021. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1340420

ABSTRACT

Resumo Sabe-se que para que uma pesquisa produza dados válidos, é importante que tenha sido bem desenhada metodologicamente. Em que pese a ampla literatura disponível sobre metodologia de pesquisa, há poucos estudos, particularmente em psicologia, que discutem suas especificidades quanto ao método. Esta revisão narrativa apresenta os principais tipos de delineamentos utilizados em pesquisas na área da psicologia clínica, assim como reflexões sobre sua utilidade em diferentes contextos. Também exibe um fluxograma para classificação dos delineamentos abordados. Destaca-se que não se defende uma taxonomia dos delineamentos, mas busca-se construir um guia para auxiliar no entendimento dos desenhos disponíveis e na escolha dentre eles, com vistas a facilitar a comunicação entre pesquisadores. Portanto, acredita-se que este trabalho contribui para a construção de estudos precisamente conduzidos metodologicamente, bem como para a identificação e o aprimoramento do emprego dos diversos delineamentos na área da psicologia clínica.(AU)


Abstract An effective methodological design is crucial for a research to produce valid data. Despite the vast literature on research methodology, studies discussing the methods specificities are still scarce, especially when it comes to psychology. This narrative review introduces the main types of designs used in clinical psychology research, as well as reflections on their usefulness in different contexts, presenting the approaches classification in a flowchart. This study does not seek to defend a taxonomy of the designs, but rather to develop a guide to deepen the understanding about the designs available and drive the choices among them, aiming to facilitate the communication among researchers. This work advances knowledge on the development of methodologically-conducted studies, as well as on the identification and improvement of the use of the various designs in clinical psychology research.(AU)


Resumen Se sabe que una investigación con datos válidos depende de un buen diseño metodológico. La literatura disponible sobre metodología de investigación es amplia, pero se encuentran pocos estudios, sobre todo en psicología, que discuten sus especificidades sobre el método. Esta revisión narrativa presenta los principales tipos de diseños utilizados en investigaciones en psicología clínica, así como reflexiones sobre su utilidad en diferentes contextos. También muestra un diagrama de flujo para la clasificación de los diseños abordados. Cabe destacar que no se pretende defender una taxonomía de diseños, sino construir una guía que ayude a entender y elegir aquellos disponibles para facilitar la comunicación entre investigadores. Este trabajo podrá contribuir a la construcción de nuevos estudios realizados con precisión metodológica, así como identificar y perfeccionar el empleo de los diversos diseños en el área de la psicología clínica.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Clinical , Psychotherapy , Methodology as a Subject , Methods , Research , Research Personnel , Knowledge , Narration
3.
Trends Psychol ; 27(2): 533-547, Apr.-June 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014721

ABSTRACT

Abstract The scientific method is indispensable for the consolidation of evidence-based Psychology. However, Psychology is a discipline permeated by doubts about its scientific nature, and there are resistances to the scientific method by its students and professionals. The aim of this study was to verify relations between Attitude towards Science in Psychology's scores (ATSP) and sociodemographic characteristics. Participants were 611 people, students or professionals of Psychology, from all regions of Brazil, with 18 to 75 years, 64.2% women. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Attitude towards Science in Psychology Scale. Men presented ATSP more favorable than women, as did students from private universities compared to public universities and people who work in relation to those who do not work. Rio de Janeiro presented lower rates of ATSP compared to other states in the South and Southeast. The results promote preliminary findings of variables involved in the difficulty of constructing a scientific psychology in Brazil.


Resumo O método científico é importante para a consolidação da Psicologia baseada em evidências. Entretanto, a Psicologia é uma disciplina permeada por dúvidas em relação à sua cientificidade, e há resistências à pesquisa científica por parte de seus estudantes e profissionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar relações entre escores de atitude em relação à ciência na Psicologia (ARCP) e características sociodemográficas. Participaram 611 pessoas, estudantes ou profissionais da Psicologia, de todas as regiões brasileiras, com 18 a 75 anos, sendo 64,2% mulheres. Os participantes responderam um questionário sociodemográfico e à Escala de Atitude em Relação à Ciência na Psicologia. Homens apresentaram ARCP mais favorável do que mulheres, assim como os alunos de instituições privadas em relação aos de instituições públicas e pessoas que trabalham em relação às que não trabalham. O Rio de Janeiro apresentou menores índices de ARCP em comparação com os outros estados do Sul e Sudeste. Os resultados promovem apontamentos preliminares sobre as variáveis envolvidas na dificuldade de se construir uma Psicologia científica no Brasil.


Resúmen El método científico es importante para la consolidación de la Psicología basada en evidencias. Sin embargo, la Psicología es una disciplina permeada por dudas en relación a su cientificidad, existiendo resistencia en el uso del la investigación científica por parte de estudiantes y profesionales del área. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar relaciones entre las puntuaciones de actitud en relación a la ciencia en la Psicología (ARCP) y características sociodemográficas. Participaron 611 personas, entre estudiantes o profesionales de Psicología de todas las regiones brasileñas, de 18 a 75 años, siendo 64,2% mujeres. Los participantes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la Escala de Actitud en relación a la Ciencia en Psicología. Los hombres presentaron ARCP más favorable que las mujeres, así como los alumnos de instituciones privadas en relación a los de instituciones públicas y personas que trabajan en relación a las que no trabajan. Río de Janeiro presentó menores índices de ARCP en comparación con los otros estados del Sur y Sudeste. Los resultados promueven apuntes preliminares sobre las variables involucradas en la dificultad de construir una Psicología científica en Brasil.

5.
Rev. enferm. herediana ; 9(1): 62-67, ene.-jun. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-869865

ABSTRACT

Adecuándonos a las exigencias de la acreditación universitaria, la Escuela de Enfermería Padre Luis Tezza, regularmente evalúa sus procesos académicos y científicos. Este artículo analiza la producción de tesis de los estudiantes periodo 2010-2013 considerando el rigor científico y cumplimiento de la Normas de Vancouver, en la perspectiva de usar los resultados de las investigaciones en la enseñanza-aprendizaje.


Adapting to the demands of university accreditation, the School of Nursing Padre Luis Tezza, regularly evaluates its academic and scientific processes. This article analyzes the production of theses of students 2010-2013 period considering the scientific rigor and compliance of Vancouver, in the perspective to use the results of research in teaching and learning.


Subject(s)
Accreditation , Scientific Research and Technological Development , Academic Dissertations as Topic , Universities
6.
Entramado ; 12(1)jun. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534352

ABSTRACT

En el transcurrir de la historia de la ciencia, se presentan diversos momentos en los que sus protagonistas han dejado su legado impreso. Aunque el dinamismo de la ciencia no permite su estancamiento en el tiempo, cada era la impregna de hechos, realidades y coyunturas que se deben analizar desde una mirada analítica e imparcial. En este artículo se presenta uno de esos análisis con el objetivo de definir qué es y qué no es ciencia, y se intenta responder al interrogante de para qué se hace ciencia, todo con una visión de disciplinariedad científica.


In the course of history of science had presented many times when its protagonists have left their legacy printed. Although the dynamism of science does not allow stagnation in time, each was impregnated with facts, realities, and situations that should be analyzed from an analytical and unbiased look. This article presents one such analysis to define what is and is not science, and attempts to answer the question of what is science done for all from a vision of scientific disciplinarity.


No curso da história da ciência tinha apresentado muitas vezes quando seus protagonistas não deixaram o seu legado impresso. Embora o dinamismo da ciência não permite que a estagnação no tempo, cada um foi impregnado com fatos, realidades e situações que devem ser analisados a partir de um olhar analítico e imparcial. Este artigo apresenta uma tal análise para definir o que é e não é ciência, e tenta responder À questão sobre o que é ciência feita para, tudo a partir de uma visão de disciplinaridade científica.

7.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-164978

ABSTRACT

Reconstruction of crime is very much essential to solve any mystery for police and investigative agencies. Correlation of victim, accused, weapon of offence, scene of crime, human behaviour, environmental evidences etc. are very important for the same. A crime reconstruction must require keen observation, understanding of science, recognition of evidences, and application of critical thinking with logic.

8.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 32(1): 96-101, ene.-mar. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-753633

ABSTRACT

La medicina legal es la especialidad médica que reúne todos los conocimientos de la medicina que son útiles a la administración de justicia, cumpliendo una función vital, al facilitar el intercambio de conocimientos entre las ciencias médicas y las ciencias jurídicas. La exigencia científica requerida en la realización de peritajes médico legales constituye un factor determinante para una adecuada administración de justicia. Cuando la Autoridad Judicial solicita un peritaje médico legal, debe entenderse como la solicitud de una investigación de carácter científico en la cual, el especialista en medicina legal, está en la obligación de cumplir a cabalidad como científico que es, basando su investigación en la aplicación del método científico. En la presente revisión se analiza la importancia de la aplicación del método científico en la elaboración de peritajes médico legales.


The Legal Medicine is the medical specialty that reunites all medical knowledge useful to justice administration, performing a vital role as facilitator of the knowledge exchange between medical science and legal science. The scientific management required to perform a medico-legal expertise is a determinant factor for the adequate justice administration. When the Judicial Authority requests a medico-legal expertise, it should be understood as a request for a scientific investigation in which the specialist in Legal Medicine is obliged to completely fulfilled this requirement as a scientist, basing his investigation in the application of the scientific method. In this review, it is analized the importance of the application of the scientific method in the elaboration of a medico legal expertise.


Subject(s)
Humans , Forensic Medicine , Research
9.
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-987652

ABSTRACT

This is the case of a typical request for a chemical laboratory analysis to conduct a comparison of materials or trace evidence with completely unexpected results from those obtained if established protocols had been followed. This request involved the collation of black gunpowder, a material which is generally associated with firearms. In this case, however, the prosecutor's request was to compare the powder from two groups of paper used in tejo (a popular Colombian sport) in order to ascertain the identity of a homicide suspect at the scene of the crime.


A continuación se presenta una solicitud típica (cotejo de materiales) para un laboratorio de química o de evidencia traza, la cual tuvo una solución completamente inesperada y cuyo resultado fue más contundente que el que se hubiese tenido de haberla abordado según los protocolos establecidos. Esta solicitud involucraba el cotejo de pólvora negra, material que generalmente llega a estos laboratorios involucrado en hechos relacionados con el accionar de armas de fuegos. En este caso, sin embargo, la petición de la Fiscalía consistía en cotejar la pólvora de dos grupos de papeletas de tejo con el fin de asociar al sospechoso de un asesinato con la escena del crimen.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research , Criminal Law
10.
Pesqui. prát. psicossociais ; 9(2): 279-286, dez. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-791695

ABSTRACT

A partir de um relato de experiência sobre o trabalho de campo em uma unidade prisional feminina, o presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir o lugar ocupado pela informalidade no processo de pesquisa. O argumento central é que as orientações do método científico - especialmente sobre a neutralidade e a objetividade necessárias à condução de protocolos rígidos de coleta e análise de dados - têm recorrentemente se configurado em obstáculos à consecução da pesquisa social qualitativa. Para além da rigidez das diretrizes metodológicas apontadas como adequadas ao referido método, a informalidade das relações estabelecidas no campo nos convida igualmente ao debate acerca das questões éticas que envolvem a pesquisa com seres humanos. O presente relato ilustrará a forma como a abertura à informalidade e ao imprevisto próprios do campo se configura em ferramenta essencial para a realização de pesquisas sensíveis às realidades concretas dos indivíduos investigados.


From one experience report about the field work in a female prison institution, this article aims at discussing the role played by informality in the research process. The main argument is that the guidelines provided by the scientific method - especially regarding the need for neutrality and objectivity in order to follow rigid protocols for data collection and analysis - have recurrently been configured as obstacles to the conduction of social qualitative research. In addition to the rigidity of methodological guidelines indicated as appropriate to the particular method, the informality of relations established in the field also invites us to debate the ethical issues surrounding the research with human beings. The current report will illustrate the ways in which openness to informality and to unpredictability specific of the field constitutes an essential tool to conduct researches which are sensitive to the concrete realities of the investigated individuals.


Subject(s)
Female , Prisons , Psychology, Social , Social Control, Informal
11.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 12(4): 0-0, oct,.dic. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-697538

ABSTRACT

Introducción: es un gran reto incursionar en la personalidad de Florence Nightingale, mujer que tuvo un papel brillante en su época y que aún hoy está vigente su enfoque sobre enfermería y su aplicación de ciencias como la administración, la estadística y otras, al arte de brindar cuidados. Ella desempeñó múltiples funciones: enfermera, administradora, higienista y docente. Se creció en la Guerra de Crimea y a su regreso creó la primera Escuela de Enfermería. Objetivo: analizar la eticidad del pensamiento de Florence Nightingale. Material y métodos: análisis documental en el estudio de su obra Notas sobre Enfermería. Qué es y Qué no es y bibliografía de otros autores que escribieron sobre ella, su teoría del entorno e informaciones obtenidas por Internet. Sistematización que permitió la organización de la información. Resultados: florence Nightingale añadió a los principios tradicionales de la ética médica los principios de fidelidad y veracidad. Su Juramento refleja sus concepciones y la eticidad y cientificidad de la profesión. Tanto el modelo elaborado como otras contribuciones a la dirección y a la formación de enfermería tienen vigencia actual. Conclusiones: la eticidad de su pensamiento da sentido a los conocimientos, los cuales eran su deseo que formaran parte de la profesión de enfermería. Prevalecen sus actitudes llenas de razón y se aprecian virtudes del carácter e inteligencia. En la actualidad se reconoce un grupo de virtudes, en las que, salvando la distancia en el tiempo, Florence Nightingale se ve reflejada en ellas. Su escuela implica iniciativa, control, responsabilidad, lucha, tratamiento científico de la enfermería y comprensión del método científico.


Introduction: to approach the personality of Florence Nightingale is a challenge. She played an outstanding role in her times and even today her view of Nursing and the application of administration, statistics and other disciplines are still relevant. She was a nurse, a manager, a hygienist and a trainer. She became stronger in the Crimea War, and upon return she founded the first Nursing School. Objective: analyze the ethics in Florence Nightingale's thought. Material and Methods: literature review in the study of her work Notes of Nursing. What is it and what is not and of other papers about her, theory of the environment and also information downloaded from Interne were organized and systematized. Results: florence Nightingale added the principles of fidelity and veracity to the traditional ones of medical ethics. Her pledge expresses the ethics and scientific grounds of Nursing. Both the model she designed and other contributions in management and training are still relevant nowadays. Conclusions: the ethics of her thought makes knowledge meaningful, as she wanted it to be part of nursing. Attitudes that prevail are full of reason and virtues of character and intelligence. Some virtues recognized at present reflect Florence Nightingale _considering the time elapsed. Her school implies initiative, control, responsibility, struggle, a scientific approach to nursing and understanding of the scientific method.

12.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 39(3): 540-555, jul.-sep. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-686861

ABSTRACT

La Medicina Natural y Tradicional, más que una suma de modalidades terapéuticas no comprendidas dentro de la medicina convencional, constituye un cuerpo de conocimientos que aborda al ser humano y al proceso salud-enfermedad de forma holística, diferente aunque complementaria con el abordaje reduccionista que ha caracterizado a la Medicina Convencional. Su carácter científico se ha basado en el desarrollo de métodos clínicos dirigidos al diagnóstico de desarmonías más bien que de enfermedades, y a su compensación mediante recursos terapéuticos más específicos para la presentación concreta de una entidad en el enfermo que para la entidad en sí misma, que promuevan más bien la sanación del paciente que la curación de las enfermedades, de forma quizás menos dramática pero con menores efectos adversos que la medicina convencional. La naturaleza compleja de las prescripciones en Medicina Natural y Tradicional dificulta su evaluación a través de ensayos clínicos que no consideren dicha naturaleza, la participación activa del paciente en su evolución y los aspectos del contexto que como se ha mostrado, contribuyen al resultado del proceso terapéutico en mayor medida que lo que se asume como regla. Finalmente, un análisis de las características del método científico de acuerdo con reflexiones recientes sugiere que la integración entre la Medicina Natural y Tradicional y la Medicina Convencional en el sistema de salud cubano no es solo posible sino también oportuna


Natural and Traditional Medicine, instead of a sum of therapeutic modalities not involved into the conventional medicine, is a body of knowledge with an holistic approach either to the human being and to the health-disease process, different though complementary to the typical reductionistic approach of conventional medicine. Its scientific nature has been based in i) the development of clinic methods directed to diagnosing disarmonies, rather than diseases, ii) the compensation of these disarmonies through therapeutic resources specific to the actual presentation of a condition into the patient, rather than specific for the condition itself, and iii) the improvement of patient healing rather than curing diseases, perhaps less dramatically than conventional medicine, but eliciting lower adverse effects. The complex nature of prescriptions in Natural and Traditional Medicine make them difficult to evaluate through clinical trials not regarding neither such nature, nor the active behavior of the patient in the outcome and the contextual issues contributing to this outcome, more than has been commonly assumed. Finally, an analysis of main characteristics of the scientific method according to recent reflections, suggested that integration between both types of medicine in our healthcare system is not only possible but also pertinent


Subject(s)
Humans , Evidence-Based Medicine , Medicine, Traditional , Public Health
13.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 39(1): 107-123, ene.-mar. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-686821

ABSTRACT

Se reflexiona en torno a la importancia del debate y de la aplicación rigurosa del método científico para fortalecer la Medicina Natural y Tradicional como recurso de la salud pública. Se esclarecen e ilustran los conceptos de ciencia errónea, ciencia espuria y pseudociencia, todos relevantemente peligrosos para la salud de la población. A la vez que se señala que bajo la sombrilla de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional, se ubican legítimos recursos terapéuticos, se advierte sobre la existencia de otros que no cuentan con el aval del método científico o cuya validez ha sido directamente refutada por él. Se reivindica la importancia medular de considerar el mejor conocimiento disponible en cada momento histórico para el diseño de acciones de salud adecuadas y se concluye que solo la honradez intelectual, el debate constructivo y la experimentación son capaces de garantizar este propósito


The importance of the debate and the rigorous application of the scientific method to strengthen the Natural and Traditional Medicine (NTM) as a public health resource were analyzed. Three concepts were clarified and illustrated: erroneous science, spurious science and pseudoscience, all of them significantly hazardous to the population´s health. While it is noted that legitimate therapeutic resources are located under the umbrella of the natural and traditional medicine, it was also warned against other resources which do not have the endorsement of the scientific method or whose validity has been directly refuted. The crucial importance of taking into account the best available knowledge at every historical period to design appropriate public health actions was highlighted. It was emphasized that only intellectual honesty, constructive debate and experimentation are able to secure this purpose


Subject(s)
Humans , Medicine, Traditional , Public Health , Science
14.
Rev. luna azul ; (36): 285-306, ene.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-677410

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo tiene por objeto evidenciar las bondades que el método multicriterio otorga en las evaluaciones científicas que sean consistentes con un marco de racionalidad. Inicia haciendo referencia al método científico a través del cual el hombre trata de entender el mundo, construyendo uno artificial desde la ciencia. A continuación se reflexiona sobre el valor agregado que pueden proporcionar los métodos cualitativos al entregar una visión diferente del mundo, al tomar en consideración variables que no pueden ser expresadas cuantitativamente. Para finalizar se expone el método multicriterio como una herramienta útil para determinar el impacto de acciones a desarrollo sobre la sostenibilidad al incorporar los conflictos que existen entre objetivos económicos, ambientales y sociales, y entre distintos niveles de decisión en las evaluaciones científicas.


This article aims to make clear the benefits the multicriteria-method gives to scientific assessment which are consistent with a rationality framework. It begins by referring to the scientific method, through which humankind tries to understand the world building an artificial world from science. Afterwards a reflection on the added value qualitative methods as a methodology can give, is presented since they allow a broader worldview by taking into account variables that cannot be expressed quantitatively. Finally, a multicriteria-method is presented as a useful tool to determine the impact of actions on sustainability, while incorporating the existing conflicts between economic, environmental and social objectives, and between different levels of decision making in scientific assessment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Methods , Educational Measurement , Methodology as a Subject
15.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 23(4): 492-501, jul. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145428

ABSTRACT

El ser humano es innovador por naturaleza y la Medicina no escapa a esta esencial característica de nuestra especie. La innovación es el modo de adaptarnos rápidamente a los cambios que sufre nuestro entorno y nuestras necesidades. Los modos de innovar responden a las oportunidades que nos brinda la capacidad de observación y juicio racional tan propio de los humanos, pero también pueden ser fruto de la casualidad, de la improvisación y la mayoría de las veces, del ensayo y error. El desarrollo científico y tecnológico como un círculo virtuoso, brindan plataformas para generar nuevo conocimiento. La investigación científica a través del método científico se ha consolidado como el mejor modo de avanzar en el conocimiento de las diversas ciencias y disciplinas afines que integran el saber humano y su interpretación del mundo que nos rodea. Este afán de innovar en Medicina ha trascendido a la sociedad por los grandes logros y avances científicos que han permitido aumentar la expectativa y calidad de vida de la humanidad. Sin embargo, también ha trascendido a veces, por faltas a los derechos de las personas a estar informadas, por violentar la protección de poblaciones vulnerables, por confundir los intereses de la ciencia biomédica con los intereses personales de los investigadores y en general, por faltas a nuestros acuerdos sociales de no dañar, de ser justos, de proteger la confidencialidad y de respetar la autonomía de cada individuo a decidir por sí mismo lo que mejor conviene a su persona. La bioética contribuye a entender la problemática de la innovación y desarrollo y también a proponer cursos de acción armónicos con nuestro marco valórico. De este modo, la sociedad ha generado marcos regulatorios que promueven la innovación respetando a las personas y al medio ambiente y protegiendo a los individuos que sirven como sujetos de la investigación científica.


The human being is innovative in nature and medicine is no exception to this essential characteristic of our specie. Innovation is the way to adapt quickly to changes that occur around us. Ability to observe and rational judgment peculiar to humans allows the innovation in several ways, including the scientific method but also, may be due to chance, improvisation, and most of the time, trial and error. As a virtuous cycle, the scientific and technological development, provide platforms to generate new knowledge trough scientific research. The scientific method has become the best way to advance in knowledge of sciences and related disciplines such as Medicine. These great achievements and scientific advances have increased life expectancy and quality of life of mankind. However, it has also transcended sometimes by failures of scientists to respect the rights of individuals to be informed, by violating the protection of vulnerable populations, to confuse best interests of biomedical science with personal interests of researchers and in general, fouling our social agreements to be fair, to protect confidentiality and to respect the autonomy of each individual to decide. Bioethics helps to understand the problem of innovation and development and also to suggest ways of action harmonic with our values and principles. Thus, society has created regulatory frameworks that foster innovation with respect for people and the environment and protecting individuals serving as subjects of scientific research.


Subject(s)
Biomedical Research/methods , Medicine/trends , Bioethics/trends , Conflict of Interest , Medicine/methods
16.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(2): 93-96, Feb. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-614571

ABSTRACT

In Brazil, scientific research is carried out mainly at universities, where professors coordinate research projects with the active participation of undergraduate and graduate students. However, there is no formal program for the teaching/learning of the scientific method. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the comprehension of the scientific method by students of health sciences who participate in scientific projects in an academic research laboratory. An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using Edgar Morin complexity as theoretical reference. In a semi-structured interview, students were asked to solve an abstract logical puzzle - TanGram. The collected data were analyzed using the hermeneutic-dialectic analysis method proposed by Minayo and discussed in terms of the theoretical reference of complexity. The students’ concept of the scientific method is limited to participation in projects, stressing the execution of practical procedures as opposed to scientific thinking. The solving of the TanGram puzzle revealed that the students had difficulties in understanding questions and activities focused on subjects and their processes. Objective answers, even when dealing with personal issues, were also reflected on the students’ opinions about the characteristics of a successful researcher. Students’ difficulties concerning these issues may affect their scientific performance and result in poorly designed experiments. This is a preliminary study that should be extended to other centers of scientific research.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Biology , Comprehension , Research Design/standards , Research/education , Students, Health Occupations , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Laboratories , Universities
17.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 38(supl.5): 702-713, 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-659882

ABSTRACT

La evidencia es conocimiento adquirido a través del método científico y este la herramienta principal que utiliza la ciencia en la búsqueda del conocimiento del mundo y de las causas de los fenómenos que ocurren en la realidad. Esta evidencia se difunde principalmente a través de la literatura científica, pero, muchos artículos originales provienen de estudios con alto riesgo de sesgos y se necesita una valoración crítica de los datos que aporta la literatura. La búsqueda de evidencia para la práctica médica no es un capricho sino la única vía para que el conocimiento verdadero tenga un impacto social real. La llamada Medicina basada en la evidencia, está basada en estos conceptos pero su seguimiento ortodoxo es prácticamente imposible e incosteable. Se reconoce no obstante, la existencia de un abismo entre lo que se demuestra como efectivo en la investigación y su aplicación práctica real en prescripciones médicas y sanitarias. A pesar de todo, la Medicina basada en la evidencia se ha expandido por casi todos los escenarios clínicos del mundo y ha trascendido hacia la salud pública y la política de salud. En Cuba, se aprecia interés en esta medicina en cuanto a la incorporación de nuevas evidencias científicas a la práctica médica. Los países en desarrollo, tienen la desventaja de contar con pocos estudios realizados en ambientes socioculturales propios. Se necesita promover la investigación de calidad, en los países no desarrollados que genere evidencia propia pues no es ético introducir prácticas solo basadas en conocimientos surgidos y demostrados en países desarrollados


Evidence is knowledge acquired through the scientific method, being the latter the series of techniques and procedures that science uses in the search for knowledge about the world and the causes of phenomena. The evidence is primarily spread through scientific literature, but since many original articles come from studies at high risk of bias, a critical appraisal of the data that the literature provides is needed. The search of scientific evidence for medical practice is not a whim, but the only way by which the scientific knowledge can produce real social impact. The so called Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) is supported on these concepts, but its orthodox practice is virtually impossible and unaffordable. However, the existence of a wide gap between what is demonstrated as effective through research and the actual implementation in medical and health prescriptions is admitted. Nevertheless, EBM has currently extended to almost all clinical scenarios worldwide and has transcended into public health and health policy. Some clear interest in the integration of new scientific evidence to medical practice in Cuba is noticeable. The developing countries face the disadvantage of little evidence originating from their own socio-cultural contexts. It is thus necessary to promote quality research in developing countries with the aim of generating their own scientific evidence, since it is not ethical to bring in practices based only on knowledge acquired and demonstrated in developed countries


Subject(s)
Evidence-Based Medicine/methods
18.
Educ. med. super ; 25(4): 407-419, oct.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615014

ABSTRACT

La revisión bibliográfica no es una publicación original y examina la bibliografía publicada, debe ser selectiva e imprescindible en la formación del médico. Para lograr con éxito la integración del Departamento de Medicina General Integral (MGI) y el de Informática, para perfeccionar la formación de los futuros médicos, teniendo en cuenta la revisión bibliográfica, se comienza en el primer semestre de la carrera de Medicina del curso escolar 2010-2011, la asignatura Introducción a la MGI. El Departamento de MGI al valorar la revisión bibliográfica como herramienta básica para la investigación junto al departamento de Informática, traza acciones que contribuyeron a desarrollar la integración de ambas asignaturas, se realizaron talleres para elevar la capacitación de los profesores y surgió la idea de desarrollar una propuesta metodológica y evaluar su impacto realizando en un mismo acto de examen la evaluación final de ambas asignaturas en el escenario docente donde se imparte la docencia, con el objetivo de integrar el conocimiento, aumentar la motivación y la habilidad para investigar. Se seleccionaron los 3 mejores trabajos otorgándoles 1ro, 2do y 3er lugar. Se llevó a cabo esta propuesta para obtener la interdisciplinariedad entre la MGI e Informática Médica enfatizando en la revisión bibliográfica, se lograron resultados satisfactorios, tuvo objetivos precisos y se encaminó a abordar todos los nudos críticos identificados por los profesores


Literature review is not an original article but it analyzes the published literature; it should be selective and indispensable in the medical formation. For succeeding in integrating the Department of Integral General Medicine (MGI in Cuba) and the Department of Informatics, and for improving the formation of future physicians, the first semester of the medical studies in the 2010-2011 academic year included the subject Introduction to Integral General Medicine, taking literature review into account. Since the MGI Department considered the literature review as a basic tool for research as did the Department of Informatics, it took actions to develop the integration of both subjects. To this end, some workshops were held to raise the level of training of professors and thus, it came out the idea of developing a methodological proposal and evaluating its impact by making the final evaluation of both subjects in one exam at the place where the classes were given. All this was aimed at integrating knowledge, encouraging motivation and increasing abilities for research. The three best papers were selected and given 1st, 2nd and 3rd prizes. This proposal was submitted to reach interdisciplinarity between the Integral General Medicine and Medical Informatics by making emphasis on the literature review. It achieved satisfactory results, had precise objectives and was aimed at dealing with all the critical issues identified by the professors


Subject(s)
Interdisciplinary Communication , Interdisciplinary Research
19.
Rev. colomb. psicol ; 20(1): 99-106, jun. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-606142

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años han aumentado las investigaciones clínicas que utilizan el método científico para su validación, en gran parte influidas por el movimiento de los tratamientos con apoyo empírico (TAE) iniciado en la década de 1990. Se presentan los antecedentes de los TAE, sus objetivos y resultados, así como dos modelos de intervención que complementan a los TAE: las investigaciones sobre qué tipo de relación terapéutica predice más el éxito en las terapias, y las que buscan optimizar los sistemas de atención de salud mental. Se concluye que la mayoría de los TAE son técnicas que se basaron en la psicología experimental y que el método científico es la mejor herramienta con la que se cuenta para enfrentar el complejo problema de la conducta humana.


The last few years have seen an increase in clinical research that uses the scientific method for its validation, mainly due to the influence of the empirically supported treatments (ESTs) movement that started in the 1990s. The article describes the background, objectives, and results of ESTs, as well as two intervention models that complement them: one that promotes research on the type of therapeutic relation that guarantees greater success of the therapies, and one that seeks to optimize mental health care systems. The conclusion is that most ESTs are techniques based on experimental psychology, and that the scientific method is the best tool available to address the complex problem of human behavior.


Subject(s)
Psychology, Clinical , Psychotherapy , Psychology/methods , Psychology/trends , Scientific Research and Technological Development , Behavioral Medicine , Psychology, Applied
20.
Educ. med. super ; 25(2): 29-39, abr.-jun. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-614997

ABSTRACT

La interdisciplinariedad en lo académico es un proceso basado en la correlación entre diversas disciplinas que mantienen su independencia, pero se vinculan en las proyecciones para el logro de objetivos docentes y educativos priorizados. El trabajo aborda esta temática y su objetivo principal es el identificar los nexos existentes entre las diversas manifestaciones del método científico en función de la interdisciplinariedad, como expresión de las categorías filosóficas de lo universal, lo general y lo particular en el abordaje del Análisis de la Situación de Salud (ASIS). El trabajo responde a un estudio cualitativo, basado en el análisis de los programas de estudio de las disciplinas, Filosofía y Sociedad, Medicina General Integral (MGI) e Informática Médica. Refleja la opinión de los autores, a partir de una reflexión desde el punto de vista filosófico y educativo en relación con el método científico y sus manifestaciones, en las tres unidades curriculares anteriormente mencionadas


Interdisciplinarity in the academic field is a process based on the correlation among several branches that keep their independence but get linked for the fulfilment of priority educational and teaching objectives. This paper dealt with this topic and is mainly aimed at identifying the connections among the several variants of the scientific method as a function of interdisciplinarity, viewed as expression of the philososophic categories of the universal, the general and the particular things in approaching the Health Situation Analysis (HSA). This paper was supported on a qualitative study about the analysis of the curricula of Philosophy and Society, General Family Medicine and Medical Informatics disciplines. It showed the authors´opinions based on a reflection, from the philosophical and educational viewpoints, made on the scientific method and its variants in the curricula of the above-mentioned subjects


Subject(s)
Diagnosis of Health Situation , Family Practice , Interdisciplinary Communication , Medical Informatics , Philosophy, Medical , Curriculum , Social Control, Formal
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL