ABSTRACT
Scientific photography has been practiced in many aspects of Chinese materia medica for different levels of purposes. The images obtained from scientific photography were objective, accurate and detailed that can scientifically display the micro-morphological characteristics of medicinal plants. So that it can be further used for accurate description of morphological features, species identification, and systematic study of medicinal plants. But, there are fewer reports about the systematic and extensive application of scientific photography. In this paper, the concept, characteristics, and classification of the scientific photography have been discussed in detail. In particular, we also introduced how to solve the problem of small depth in scientific photography through depth synthesis technology for the first time. Based on these, we further elaborated and demonstrated this new technology with the examples of photography of organs of medicinal plants, to broaden the application scope of scientific photography in the field of Chinese materia medica research.
ABSTRACT
Após a expedição do Challenger (1872-1878), outras nações começaram a interessar-se pela pesquisa oceanográfica e a organizar suas próprias expedições. Desde 1885 que o príncipe Albert I de Mónaco realizava campanhas oceanográficas, com a colaboração de alguns dos melhores cientistas em biologia marinha e em oceanografia física, inventando técnicas e instrumentos para a realização dos trabalhos oceanográficos. A atividade científica do príncipe Albert certamente contribuiu para estimular o interesse do seu amigo, o rei dom Carlos I de Portugal, pelo estudo dos oceanos e da vida marinha. Ambos compartilhavam a necessidade de usar a fotografia para documentar suas pesquisas. Este artigo analisa o papel da fotografia científica na ciência oceanográfica, particularmente nas expedições realizadas pelo monarca português.
After the Challenger expedition (1872-1878), other nations started to show interest in oceanographic research and organizing their own expeditions. As of 1885, Prince Albert I of Monaco conducted oceanographic campaigns with the collaboration of some of the best marine biologists and physical oceanographers of the day, inventing new techniques and instruments for the oceanographic work. Prince Albert’s scientific activity certainly helped kindle the interest of his friend, Dom Carlos I, king of Portugal, in the study of the oceans and marine life. Both shared the need to use photography to document their studies. This article analyzes the role of scientific photography in oceanography, especially in the expeditions organized by the Portuguese monarch.