ABSTRACT
Aim: To investigate the effect of Rhus toxicodendron (30CH) along with different compositions of phytohormones (Auxin and Cytokinin) on the basis of growth and multiplication of explants under optimum temperature under in-vitro conditions. Study Design: To establish and design the standard protocol for the in-vitro propagation through leaf explant of Scoparia dulcis under stress of phytohormones and homeopathic medicine Rhus toxicodendron (30CH). Place and Duration of Study: The plant materials were procured from the Herbal Botanical Garden Patna Science College, Department of Botany, Patna University, Patna, Bihar. The experimental part was carried out in Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, between December 2017 to August 2018 in Department of Botany P.U. Patna. Methodlogy: The sterilized leaf explants were inoculated into MS media fortified with different phytohormones (Auxin and Cytokinin) and Rhus tox(30CH) under aseptic environmental conditions for the growth and development of callus, embryoids etc. Result: The explants in MS medium supplemented with auxins phytohormones and Rhus tox(30CH) exhibited that IAA (0.10 to 2.0 mg/l) and BAP (0.10 to 2.5 mg/l) induces green and compact calli. Whereas at 0.30mg/l of IAA and 0.50 mg/l BAP induced brown friable calli. 2,4-D (1.5 mg/l) and Kinetin (1.5-6.5mg/l) concentrations induced brown and friable calli. Rhus tox(30CH) (100 µl/100 ml) enhances proliferation with 2,4-D and Kinetin (1.5/1.5 mg/l.). Conclusion: After 42 days of culture initiation and establishment the callus was 520.0±1.12 mg in the mixture of 2,4-D and Kinetin (1.5 mg/l) in Rhus tox free medium. Whereas weight of callus were found to be 1092±0.74 mg after 42 days in the same medium of 2, 4-D and Kinetin (1.5/5.5 mg/l) supplemented with Rhus tox (100 µl/100 ml). Hence, the investigation proponded that the Rhus tox (CH30) has increased the rate of callus development and plantlet regeneration.
ABSTRACT
This study sought at documenting plants locally used for memory enhancement by the people of three States of Southwestern Nigeria, predominantly inhabited by the Yoruba tribe. A combination of social survey, direct field observations and semi structured questionnaires were administered among the local herb vendors, traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) and knowledgeable people in plant usage. A total number of 260 respondents were interviewed across the States. The total populations of the respondents were made up of the herbalists (32%), herb sellers (40%) and “other occupation” comprising students and artisans (28%). The total population consisted of 55.4% males and 44.6% females with ages ranging from 10 to 75 years. Thirty seven medicinal plant species belonging to twenty eight families were gathered. Of all the plant species, Bacopa floribunda (R.Br) Wettst and Scoparia dulcis L belonging to the same family Scrophulariaceae had the high ranked of 40 and 27 respectively. A link between plant local names and their usage for memory enhancement was established.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of scutellarin and linarin in Scoparia dulcis. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Phenomenex C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid (gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 330 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the in-jection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.015 8-0.316 8 mg/ml for scutellarin(r=0.999 9)and 0.000 5-0.010 4 mg/ml for linarin (r=0.999 7);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3%;recoveries were 99.56%-102.38%(RSD=1.07%,n=6)and 95.14%-98.29%(RSD=1.24%,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple with good stability and reprodicibility,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of scutellarin and linarin in S. du-lcis.
ABSTRACT
Free radical scavenging activity was observed in both the methanol extract (M.E) and aqueous extract (A.E) of Scoparia dulcis respectively. In this study significant free radical scavenging activity was determined by evaluating the inhibition concentration (IC50) in each test. In 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) model the extract displayed potential free radicals scavenging activity with IC50 of M.E is 311.13µg/mL and A.E is 441.96μg/mL. Nitric oxide model displayed IC50 of 293.77µg/mL in M.E and 434.93µg/mL in A.E. While superoxide ion model showed IC50 of 281.02 µg/mL and 440.14µg/mL respectively for both methanol and aqueous extract when compared to standard ascorbic acid. The presence of phenol, flavonoid and total antioxidant in both the extract justifies the antioxidant potential of the plant which brings about its free radicals scavenging potential. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 6 different phytochemicals with (Z)-7-Hexadecenyl acetate found to be the compound with maximum peak percentage 51.51% in M.E and β-Cyclocitral with 43.90% in A.E respectively. Thus we conclude that the antioxidant activities may be due to the cumulative effect of the phytochemicals present in the plant which genuinely designate them as free radical scavenger.
ABSTRACT
Scoparia dulcis is distributed widely all around the world. It is used as a folk medicine with a long history in many countries. S. dulcis is received much more attention in foreign countries, such as Japan and India, than in China. The resource in China is getting less. Combined with the latest reports, this paper reviewed its medicinal history, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects for a better utilization of S. dulicis in China in the future. And the prospect of the application in the medicinal and food field of this herb has been also discussed here.
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Chemical composition of essential oils from leaves of Helicteres guazumifolia (Sterculiaceae), Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae), Scoparia dulcis (Arecaceae) and Solanum subinerme (Solanaceae) from Sucre, Venezuela. Essential oils, biosynthesized and accumulated in aromatic plants, have a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical health, cosmetics, food and agricultural industry. This study aimed to analyze the secondary metabolites in some plant species in order to contribute to their chemotaxonomy. Leaves from Helicteres guazumifolia, Piper tuberculatum, Scoparia dulcis and Solanum subinerme were collected and their essential oils were obtained by means of hydro-distillation. The oil fraction was analyzed and identified by GC/MS. The extraction yields were of 0.004, 0.032, 0.016 and 0.005%, and the oil constituents of 88.00, 89.80, 87.50 and 89.47%, respectively. The principal oils found were: non-terpenoids volatile secondary metabolites (30.28%) in H. guazumifolia; sesquiterpenoids (20.82 and 26.09%) and oxigen derivated (52.19 and 25.18%) in P. tuberculatum and S. dulcis; and oxigen diterpenoids (39.67%) in S. subinerme. The diisobuthylphtalate (13.11 %) in H. guazumifolia, (-)-spathulenol (11.37%) in P. tuberculatum and trans-phytol (8.29 and 36.00%) in S. dulcis and S. subinerme, were the principal constituents in their respective essential oils. The diisooctylphtalate were the essential oil common to all species, but the volatile compounds such as trans-pinane, L-linalool, β-ionone, isophytol, neophytadiene, trans-phytol, dibutylphtalate and methyl hexadecanoate, were only detected in three of these essences. This suggests that these plants may require similar secondary metabolites for their ecological interactions, possibly due to common environmental factors. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (2): 585-595. Epub 2011 June 01.
Los aceites esenciales son biosintetizados por plantas aromáticas y pueden obtenerse de cualquier órgano de la misma, tienen gran aplicación en la industria farmacéutica, sanitaria, cosmética, agrícola y de alimentos. Los aceites esenciales de las hojas de las plantas Helicteres guazumifolia, Piper tuberculatum, Scoparia dulcis y Solanum subinerme fueron obtenidos mediante hidrodestilación con rendimientos de 0.004, 0.032, 0.016 y 0.005%, respectivamente. La CG/EM permitió identificar la mayoría de los constituyentes de estos aceites esenciales (88.00, 89.80, 87.50 y 89.47%, respectivamente), encontrándose en mayor proporción metabolitos no volátiles de estructura no terpenoidal en H. guazumifolia (30.28%), sesquiterpenoides oxigenados en P. tuberculatum (52.19%), sesquiterpenos en S. dulcis (26.09%) y derivados oxigenados de diterpenos en S. subinerme (39.67%). Los constituyentes mayoritarios fueron el diisobutilftalato (13.11%) en H. guazumifolia, (-)-espatulenol (11.37%) en P. tuberculatum y el trans-fitol (8.29 y 36.00%) para S. dulcis y S. subinerme, respectivamente. El diisooctilftalato fue el constituyente común en los aceites esenciales de todas las especies y los compuestos volátiles trans-pinano, L-linalool, β-ionona, isofitol, neofitadieno, trans-fitol, dibutilftalato y hexadecanoato de metilo, fueron detectados en tres de estas esencias. Esto sugiere que dichas plantas pueden requerir metabolitos secundarios similares para su interacción ecológica, posiblemente debido a factores ambientales comunes.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Piper/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Oils/chemistry , Scoparia/chemistry , Solanum/chemistry , Malvaceae/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Plant Oils/isolation & purification , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of water (WE) and ethanolic (EE) extracts of Scoparia dulcis L. were investigated in rats and mice, and compared to the effects induced by Glutinol, a triterpene isolated by purification of EE. Oral adminsitration (p.o.) of either WE or EE (up to 2 g/Kg) did not alter the normal spontaneous activity of mice and rats. The sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/Kg, i.p.) was prolonged by 2 fold in mice pretreated with 0.5 g/Kg EE, p.o. Neither extract altered the tail flick response of mice in immersion test, but previous administration of EE (0.5 g/Kg, p.o.) reduced writhings induced by 0.8% acetic acid (0.1 ml/10 g, i.p.) in mice by 47% EE (0.5 and 1 g/Kg, p.o.) inhibited the paw edema induced by carrageenan in rats by respectively 46% and 58% after 2 h, being ineffective on the paw edema induced by dextran. No significant analgesic or anti-edema effects were detected in animals pretreated with WE (1 g/Kg, p.o.). Administration of Glutinol (30 mg/Kg, p.o.) reduced writhing induced by acetic acid in mice by 40% and the carrageenan induced paw edema in rats by 73%. The results indicate that the analgesic activity of S dulcis L. may be explained by explained by an anti-inflammatory activity probably related to the triterpene Glutinol.