ABSTRACT
Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the symbolic conditions which govern health care provision in the Scottish prison system. The paper considers the wider context of Scottish prisons, where health care provision follows a similar structure both in juvenile and adult prisons. Our intention is to provoke a debate about the doxa (Bourdieu, 1977), which underlies decision making in respect of health care in prison, in a political environment where pragmatism, allied to the 'pathologisation' of social policies, health and criminal justice has been a hegemonic force.
Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma análise das condições simbólicas que governam a provisão de saúde nos sistemas prisional escocês. O artigo considera o contexto ampliado do sistema prisonal escocês, onde a provisão de saúde segue uma estrutura similar tanto nas unidades juvenis quanto nas de adultos. Nossa intenção é provocar um debate sobre a doxa (Bourdieu, 1977) que sustenta as tomadas de decisão sobre provisão de saúde nas prisões, onde o contexto político marcado pelo pragmatismo, aliado à 'patologização' das políticas sociais, de saúde e de justiça criminal, tem sido uma força hegemônica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Prisons/organization & administration , Prisoners , Decision Making , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Politics , Rehabilitation , Scotland , Violence , Health Policy , Juvenile DelinquencyABSTRACT
RESUMO A implementação da Diretiva da Água 2000/60/EC demandou a articulação entre a gestão da água e a gestão territorial na comunidade europeia, fomentando a integração entre diferentes níveis de planejamento, como o regional, aplicado na escala da bacia hidrográfica, e o local, aplicado em âmbito municipal. Na Escócia, a integração entre os diferentes setores e escalas de planejamento é conduzida pela aplicação da Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE). Neste artigo, foram comparados os procedimentos e etapas de elaboração de dois instrumentos de planejamento territorial realizados para a mesma área: o Plano de Bacia Hidrográfica da Escócia para 2009/2015 e sua AAE e o Plano de Desenvolvimento Local de Glasgow para 2010/2015 e sua respectiva AAE. Como resultado, as diferentes características dos instrumentos de planejamento analisados influenciam nos objetivos e no nível de detalhamento utilizado pelas AAEs, cujos resultados conduziram gradativamente à integração dos planos. Como conclusão, o uso da AAE mostrou-se efetivo para propiciar a integração dos diferentes instrumentos de planejamento, atendendo aos requisitos da Diretiva da Água.
ABSTRACT The Water Directive 2000/60/EC regards the water basin management plans integrated in spatial plans in the European community, affecting the regional and local planning. In Scotland, the Strategic Environmental Assessment is used to combine distinct sectors and planning scales. This paper compared the procedures and steps of spatial planning for the same area: Scottish River Basin Management Plan 2009/2015 and Local Development Plan for Glasgow 2010/2015, with their Strategic Environmental Assessment as well. As a result, features of each planning tools affect the aims and details of Strategic Environmental Assessment, which conducts gradually the planning integration. The practice of Strategic Environmental Assessment is useful regarding the Water Directive objectives.
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Knowledge of the seasonal variation in births and deaths during normal years is important for analyses of the effects of wars, famines, epidemics or similar privations on these variables. In studies of seasonality, multiple trigonometric regression models are more flexible than the simple sine curve. The seasonal variation in mortality in Iceland, 1856-1990, shows a strong secular decrease, and a connection between this and the epidemiological transition is considered. Comparisons with findings in other European countries are made. The temporal trends in Iceland of the birth components; the twinning rate, the still birth rate and the secondary sex ratio, are presented and compared with the corresponding values in neighbouring countries. No marked differences were emerged.
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According to the study experience when the author was invited as a visiting scholar in Edinburgh Napier University,also based on the further discussion with local research team members of stroke,the author would like to introduce the multidisciplinary research team with same professional field being established in Scotland,finally in order to give us inspiration how to develop an efficient,long-term and stable research team in China,and which model whether local universities innovative research team or innovative regional research team is much more suitable for our country.The author had participated in stroke team research activities during the Edinburgh Napier University visit;and have some basic understanding to their research ideas and patterns of work after communication and exchanging ideas with team members.Particularly,multidisciplinary research collaboration model based on voluntary organization across entire Scotland is worth to learn for us.It also would inspire the university research terms in their construction in China.
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Aims: The impacts of catastrophic flooding have steadily increased over the last few decades. This work investigated the effectiveness of flood modeling, with low dimensionality models along with a wealth of soft (qualitative) and hard (quantitative) data. In the presence of very low resolution or qualitative data this approach has the potential of assessing a plethora of different scenarios with little computational cost, without compromise in prediction accuracy. Study Design: A flood risk modeling approach was implemented for the urbanized and flood prone region of Whitesands, at the Scottish town of Dumfries. This involved collection of a wide range of data: a) topographical maps and data from field visits were used to complement existing crosssectional data, for building the river’s geometry, b) appropriate hydrological data were employed to run the simulations, while historical information about the extent, depth and impacts of flooding were utilized for calibrating the hydraulic model, and c) a wealth of photographic data obtained during the most recent December 2013 flood, were used for the model’s validation. Place and Duration of Study: Desk study: School of Engineering, University of Glasgow; September 2013 to May 2014. Field study: Dumfries; November 2013 to January 2014. Methodology: The HEC-RAS 1D model has been used to represent the hydraulics of the system. Flood maps were produced considering the local topography and predicted inundation depths. Flood cost and risk takes further into account the type and value of inundated property as well as the extent and depth of flooding. Results: The model predictions (inundation depths and flood extents presented in the flood maps) were in fairly good agreement with the observed results along the studied section of the river. Conclusion: This study presented a flood modeling approach that utilized an appropriate range of accessible data in the absence of detailed information. As the level of performance was comparable to other inundation models the results can be used for identification of flood mitigation measures and to inform best management strategies for waterways and floodplains.
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1) We visited 5 Scottish universities (the Universities of Aberdeen, St Andrews, Dundee, Glasgow, and Edinburgh) to observe and learn about simulated-patient programs and communication-skills training.<BR>2) Each medical school has developed its own approach for using simulated patients in training and for giving feedback to medical students.<BR>3) In Scotland, where all medical schools adhere to“Tomorrow's Doctors”and“the Scottish Doctor Curriculum Outcomes, ”curriculum styles vary greatly, but the differences are celebrated.The simulated-patient programs are integrated into each program in a way unique to each school.