Impact of blood screening strategies for Hepatitis C virus on blood safety / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To establish a reasonable and effective blood screening strategy for Hepatitis C virus (HCV), so as to reduce the risk of blood transfusion transmission, ensure blood safety and improve the quality of blood screening. 【Methods】 In order to evaluate HCV screening strategies comprehensively, the unqualified blood donations due to anti-HCV alone positivity in Dalian from 2017 to 2021 was tracked, with combined detection methods of electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and HCV-RNA nucleic acid test (NAT). 【Results】 A total of 851 (0.20%) unqualified donations due to anti-HCV alone positivity were screened from 2017 to 2021, with a decreasing trend in both numbers and rate. Among them, the unqualified rate of samples with anti-HCV reactivity in both dural-ELISA-reagent and NAT decreased significantly (P<0.05). A total of 117(0.028%) samples were anti-HCV reactive in dural-ELISA-reagent but nonreactive in NAT; 664 reactive in one-ELISA-reagent, with 70(10.54%) in Reagent Ⅰ and 594(89.46%) in Reagent Ⅱ; 122 (35.88%) out of 340 donations were reactive in ECLIA. Among the 28 participants in the follow-up test, 15 still were reactive in ELISA and 2 reactive in ECLIA. 【Conclusion】 Although the unqualified rate of HCV is decreasing, serological screening of anti-HCV is still an important method for ensuring blood safety, and its complementarity with HCV-RNA NAT should be evaluated. As a new serological assay, ECLIA has high sensitivity and specificity. Miss detection may occur if only one ELISA reagent is adopted for anti-HCV detection. Appropriate ELISA and NAT system for HCV screening should be reasonably chosen, and HCV screening strategy should be developed and adjusted according to the local conditions.

Multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy to rapidly diagnose Alzheimer's disease and evaluate drug effect based on a rat model / 药物分析学报

Alzheimer's disease(AD)represents the main form of dementia;however,valid diagnosis and treatment measures are lacking.The discovery of valuable biomarkers through omics technologies can help solve this problem.For this reason,metabolomic analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)was carried out on plasma,hippocampus,and cortex samples of an AD rat model.Based on the metabolomic data,we report a multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy to rapidly and accurately identify potential bio-markers.Compared with the usual procedure,our strategy can identify fewer biomarkers with higher diagnostic specificity and sensitivity.In addition to diagnosis,the potential biomarkers identified using our strategy were also beneficial for drug evaluation.Multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy was used to identify differential metabolites from a rat model of amyloid beta peptide 1-40(Aβ1-40)plus ibotenic acid-induced AD(compared with the controls)for the first time;lysophosphati-dylcholine(LysoPC)and intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism were screened as potential bio-markers.Subsequently,the effects of donepezil and pine nut were successfully reflected by regulating the levels of the abovementioned biomarkers and metabolic profile distribution in partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).This novel biomarker screening strategy can be used to analyze other metabolomic data to simultaneously enable disease diagnosis and drug evaluation.

The dynamic metabolic profile of Qi-Yu-San-Long decoction in rat urine using UPLC-QTOF-MSE coupled with a post-targeted screening strategy / 药物分析学报

Qi-Yu-San-Long decoction(QYSLD)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been clinically used in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)for more than 20 years.However,to date,metabolic-related studies on QYSLD have not been performed.In this study,a post-targeted screening strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight full infor-mation tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MSE)was developed to identify QYSLD-related xeno-biotics in rat urine.The chemical compound database of QYSLD constituents was established from previous research,and metabolites related to these compounds were predicted in combination with their possible metabolic pathways.The metabolites were identified by extracted ion chromatograms using predicted m/z values as well as retention time,excimer ions,and fragmentation behavior.Overall,85 QYSLD-related xenobiotics(20 prototype compounds and 65 metabolites)were characterized from rat urine.The main metabolic reactions and elimination features of QYSLD included oxidation,reduction,decarboxylation,hydrolysis,demethylation,glucuronidation,sulfation,methylation,deglycosylation,acetylation,and associated combination reactions.Of the identified molecules,14 prototype compounds and 58 metabolites were slowly eliminated,thus accumulating in vivo over an extended period,while five prototypes and two metabolites were present in vivo for a short duration.Furthermore,one pro-totype and five metabolites underwent the process of"appearing-disappearing-reappearing"in vivo.Overall,the metabolic profile and characteristics of QYSLD in rat urine were determined,which is useful in elucidating the active components of the decoction in vivo,thus providing the basis for studying its mechanism of action.

Blood screening strategy for SARS-CoV-2 among low risk populations / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the viability of 2 different blood screening strategies against SARS-CoV-2 in low risk populations, so as to provide references for the formulation of blood screening strategy. 【Methods】 Two screening strategies for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were adopted: 1) the total antibody were initially screened for all samples, and the antibody IgG and IgM were retested in those primary positive samples; 2) only antibody test of IgG and IgM for all samples. And SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was detected in parallel. Reactive samples was confirmed by neutralization test. The sensitivity, specificity and true positive rate of two strategies were calculated. 【Results】 None was positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid among 880 samples. Four truly positive samples were implicated in 9 (1.02%, 9/880) initially reactive samples in total antibody test; 3 in 26 (2.95%, 26/880) initially IgG or IgM reactive samples. 【Conclusion】 The first strategy is superior to the second strategy in the sensitivity and specificity, and is recommended for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in low risk populations.

Expert consensus on early screening strategies for liver cancer in China / 中华肝脏病杂志

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Half of the annual newly diagnosed liver cancer cases come from China. A large number of clinical studies and practices have proved that early screening and early diagnosis can effectively reduce the 5-year total mortality of liver cancer. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to explore and establish customized liver cancer screening strategies for China. Based on the relevant domestic and foreign guidelines, clinical practice, and the latest advances in the research of the PreCar project, the expert from PreCar project(Prospective suRveillance for very Early hepatoCellular cARcinoma, PreCar), proposed novel strategies and procedures for early liver cancer screening in my country. The PreCar project aims to provide practical methods for early liver cancer screening and diagnosis, and to improve our national prophylactic level for liver cancer.

Strategy research for screening of transgenic elements used in medicinal plants / 中草药

With the increase of transgenic research literature in medicinal plants, detection and inspection of transgenic elements in medicinal drugs have been highly concerned. The aim of this study was to provide an approach for the detection of transgenic elements in medicinal materials, so as to provide the effective strategy for the transgenic supervision of medicinal plants and Chinese medicinal materials. The literatures involving transgenic research on 48 medicinal plants was retrieved from the two databases of CNKI and SCI from April 1993 to May 2016, which was used to establish a database of commonly used expression elements in transgenic medicinal plants. Totally 281 papers including 230 Chinese literatures and 51 English literatures were obtained, of which 40.4% of Chinese and 54.9% of English literatures were the researches with aim to establish transformation system. The results showed that commonly used promoter included P-35S, P-Ubi, P-GPD, and P-act, with P-35S having the highest frequency of 68.7%. Common marker genes included NPTII, HPT, Gent, Bar, and aadA, with NPTII giving the highest frequency of 37.4%. Common reporter genes were GUS and GFP, with GUS of the highest frequency of 35.2%. Common terminator included T-NOS, T-35S, and T-OCS, with T-NOS of the highest frequency of 58%. The combination “P-35S + T-NOS + NPTII + GUS” increased the screening rate to 86.1% for screening the transgenic elements used in medicinal plants. On this basis, the adding of HPT, Bar and GFP with certain frequency of use contributed to the screening rate of 91.5% in searching for transgenic elements. T-DNA border sequence can be used for the transgenic detection in the studies using homologous or endogenous promoters, marker genes, and terminators.

Selection of Schizochytrium limacinum mutants based on butanol tolerance

Background: Mutation breeding is one of the most important routes to achieving high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) productivity using Schizochytrium. However, few selection strategies have been reported that aim to generate a high DHA content in Schizochytrium lipids. Results: First, culture temperature altered the butanol tolerance of Schizochytrium limacinum B4D1. Second, S. limacinum E8 was obtained by selecting mutants with high butanol tolerance. This mutant exhibited a 17.97% lower proportion of DHA than the parent strain S. limacinum B4D1. Third, a negative selection strategy was designed in which S. limacinum F6, a mutant with poor butanol tolerance, was obtained. The proportion of DHA in S. limacinum F6 was 11.22% higher than that of parent strain S. limacinum B4D1. Finally, the performances of S. limacinum B4D1, E8 and F6 were compared. These three strains had different fatty acid profiles, but there was no statistical difference in their biomasses and lipid yields. Conclusion: It was feasible to identified the relative DHA content of S. limacinum mutants based on their butanol tolerance.

Impact of the day-30 screening strategy on the disease presentation and outcome of retinopathy of prematurity. The Indian twin cities retinopathy of prematurity report number 3.

Context: Outcomes of various screening strategies in retinopathy of prematurity are not well reported. Aim: To assess the impact of a city-wide, ROP screening strategy, on the disease presentation and treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case-control study from a prospectively collected ROP data-base was analyzed. Cases (group 1a) included ROP babies that were screened directly in neonatal intensive care units, and controls (group 1b) were babies referred directly to the institute from other neonatal centers during the same period. Historical controls (group 2) were ROP cases seen in the years preceding establishment of this ROP program and database. Primary outcome measure was the risk of eyes presenting with stage 4 or worse ROP, and main secondary outcome measure was the fi nal anatomic outcome. Results: Of the 643 cases screened, 322 eyes of 161 babies had ROP. The median age of 7.19 months at presentation for the 46 patients (92 eyes) in group 2 was higher than the median age of 1.29 months for the 115 patients (230 eyes) in group 1. Within the group 1, group 1a had lower median age at presentation than group 1b (0.91 months versus 2.30 months). The relative risk of an eye presenting in the stage 4 and 5 in group 2 was 4.7 times higher (95% confi dence interval 3.07 - 7.32) than in group 1. Eyes that could be given treatment in group 2 were signifi cantly less (P < 0.0005) than in group 1. The relative risk of poor outcome in group 2 was 3.83 times higher (95% confi dence interval 2.75 - 5.34) than in group 1. Group 1a eyes had the best outcomes. Conclusion: Early screening before one month of age in neonatal centers detects the disease early where prompt treatment can lead to favorable outcomes. The study provides early results of a model strategy for ROP screening.

"""Bioactive Equivalent Combinatorial Components"" as Defined Labeled Amount of Active Constituents for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicines" / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Quality control and standardization of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is the key to its globalization. Generally, there is a common practice to select one or more compounds as chemical markers for the purpose of qual-ity assessment. However, how to select chemical markers and how to set the range of effective concentrations are still the bottleneck. The authors proposed a bioactive equivalent combinatorial components (BECCs) as defined labeled amount of active constituents oriented quality control strategy of TCMs based on years of research work. Focusing on the relationship between chemical components efficacy and quality of TCMs, this strategy provides a new perspective and methods to improve quality control of TCMs.

Peripheral blood tumor biomarker screening and significance in clinical practice / 中华检验医学杂志

Rapid development of personalized medicine in cancer treatments needs urgent support of proper tumor biomarkers.Comparing to tissue tests,serum/plasma tumor biomarkers show advantages in easy sample collection and flexibility of detecting methods.Nowadays,large scales of investigations have discovered sufficient blood tumor biomarkers for preclinical diagnosis and evaluation of clinical treatment or prognosis,with the development of screening techniques and strategies.Moreover,tremendous promotion would appear in cancer diagnosis and treatment with future profound investigation and rigorous verification from clinical practice.

Screening strategies for thyroid disorder during pregnancy / 中国实用内科杂志

In view of the possibility for serious adverse outcomes for mother and fetus associated with maternal thyroid dysfunctions during pregnancy,many experts have recommended conducting routine thyroid function screening in pregnancy,but guidelines from different academic communities have given varied recommendations.The aim of this review is to discuss the significance of thyroid function screening in pregnancy and evaluate efficiency of the case-finding strategy vs.the universal screening strategy.