ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir las complicaciones maternas de la cesárea en gestantes a término en periodo expulsivo en un hospital general. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, tipo serie de casos, realizado en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia entre el 1 de enero de 2011 hasta el 31 diciembre de 2012. Se incluyeron 67 gestantes a término operadas en periodo expulsivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de las pacientes, se registraron las características clínicas y las complicaciones maternas. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se realizaron 4 218 cesáreas, siendo el 1,84% hechas en periodo expulsivo. En general, 59/ 67 (88,1%) presentaron algún tipo de complicación. Se observaron 8 casos de hipotonía uterina (11,9%) y 2 (2,9%) de atonía. En 5 (7,4%) pacientes ocurrieron desgarros de segmento adyacente a la histerotomía, siendo 2 de ellos asociados a compromiso de cuerpo uterino y vagina, y 4 (5,9%) casos a laceración de arteria uterina, uno fue bilateral. No se produjeron lesiones en tracto urinario ni digestivo y tampoco hubo necesidad de reintervención quirúrgica. Cuatro pacientes presentaron hemorragia puerperal, dos asociados a hipotonía uterina post cesárea. En 56 (83,5%) casos ocurrió anemia post operatoria. Hubo 1 (1,5%) caso de endometritis, 3 (4,5%) infecciones de herida operatoria. Conclusiones: La cesárea realizada en período expulsivo ocasiona complicaciones frecuentes, algunas muy severas. (AU)
Objective: To determine the maternal complications of cesarean sections performed in the expulsive period of labor in a general hospital. Methods: Case series performed at Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia from January 1st, 2011 to December 31st, 2012. Sixty-seven pregnants in whom a cesarean section was performed during the expulsive period of labor were included. Clinical charts were reviewed to gather clinical information. Results: A total of 4218 cesarean sections were performed during the study period, 1.84% were performed during the expulsive period of labor. Overall, 88.1% (59/67) had any kind of complication. Eight cases of uterine hypotonia (11.9%) were observed, and 2 of uterine atonia (2.9%). Detachment of the segment close to the uterine incision was observed in 5 patients (7.4%), in two cases affection of the vagina and uterus was observed, and 4 cases (5.9%) of laceration of the uterine artery, one with bilateral laceration, were observed. No urinary tract or digestive tract lesions were observed; there was also no need to perform re-interventions. Four patients presented puerperal hemorrhage; two were associated with uterine hypotonia. Post-operative anemia was observed in 56 patients (83.5%). There was one case (1.5%) of endometritis and 3 (4.5%) of wound infections. Conclusions: Cesarean sections performed in the expulsive period of labor are associated with frequent complications; some of them are very severe. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy Complications , Labor Stage, Second , Cesarean Section , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: During the second stage of labor, the progression of the fetal expulsion depends on many factors related to maternal and fetal parameters, including the voluntary abdominal pushing. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to correlate the maternal and fetal parameters that may influence the voluntary maternal pushes during the second stage of labor by using surface electromyography. METHODS: The electromyographic activity of the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles were measured during the second stage of labor in 24 Brazilian pregnant women. The diastasis of the rectus abdominis, the body mass index and the uterine fundal height were analyzed as maternal parameters and the fetal weight, cephalic circumference, APGAR scores and arterial pH and CO2 were analyzed as fetal parameters. The oxytocin usage and the expulsive phase duration were considered. RESULTS: A negative correlation between the rectus abdominis diastasis and the rectus abdomini muscle electromyographic parameters was found (r=-0.407 p=0.04). No statistically significant correlations were found among the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles electromyography and the other maternal or fetal parameters, as well as among expulsive phase duration and the oxytocin usage. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the rectus abdominis diastasis may be an influential parameter in generating voluntary pushes during the second stage of labor, however it cannot be considered the only necessary parameter for a successful labor.
CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Durante o segundo estágio do parto, a progressão da expulsão fetal depende de vários fatores ligados a parâmetros maternos e fetais, dentre eles, o esforço abdominal voluntário. OBJETIVOS: Correlacionar os parâmetros maternos e fetais que podem influenciar os esforços voluntários durante a fase do segundo estágio do parto por meio da eletromiografia de superfície. MÉTODOS: As atividades eletromiográficas dos músculos retoabdominal e oblíquo externo foram medidas durante o segundo estágio do parto em 24 gestantes. A diástase do músculo retoabdominal, o índice de massa corpórea e a altura de fundo de útero foram analisados como parâmetros maternos, e o peso fetal, o perímetro cefálico, os índices de Apgar e o pH e pCO2 arterial foram analisados como parâmetros fetais. O uso de ocitocina e o tempo do período expulsivo foram considerados. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se uma correlação negativa entre a diástase umbilical e os parâmetros eletromiográficos do músculo retoabdominal (p=0,04; r=-0,407). Não se encontrou correlação significativa entre a eletromiografia dos músculos retoabdominal e oblíquo externo e os demais parâmetros maternos e fetais, bem como entre o tempo do período expulsivo e o uso da ocitocina. CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo sugere que a diástase umbilical pode ser um parâmetro influente na geração de esforços voluntários durante o período expulsivo do parto, porém não deve ser considerada de forma isolada para o sucesso do andamento do trabalho de parto.