Health status of photovoltaic module production workers in Shanghai / 环境与职业医学

Background Photovoltaic (PV) cells can convert solar energy into electricity and alleviate the dilemma of energy supply shortage. Shanghai's PV module industry is booming, but there are few reports on the health status of the workers and there is an urgent need for health risk assessment. Objective To evaluate the health status of PV module production workers and the association between work and health status, in order to provide a direction for the health management of the workers. Methods Among the PV module production workers who completed prescriptive occupational health examination by a designated medical institution in 2021, 2453 workers with more than one year of working age were selected as the exposure group and 538 newly hired workers as the control group. On the basis of the Technical specifications for occupational health surveillance (GBZ 188−2014), the health examination included physical examination and laboratory examination and information such as sociodemographics, living habits, and disease history. We compared the indicators of pure-tone hearing test, blood routine examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), liver function, and kidney function between the two groups. The blood routine results included erythrocyte-related indicators, leukocyte-related indicators, and platelet-related indicators, and the results of liver function included hepatocyte injury indicators, hepatic secretory function indicators, and hepatic synthesis function indicators. The workers were divided into four groups by quartiles of working age. Trend chi-square test was used to analyze differences in health status between the four working age groups. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between working age and health indicators. Results Among the exposure group workers, 2035 (83.0%) were male and 418 (17.0%) were female. The median (P25, P75) age was 34.0 (30.0, 39.0) years and the median (P25, P75) working age was 6.0 (3.0, 10.0) years. The abnormality rate of blood routine was 61.7%. Among them, the abnormality rates of platelet-related indicators and liver secretory function indicators were 39.8% and 48.1% respectively. The risks of abnormal hepatocyte injury-related indicators, fatty liver, and platelet-related indicator abnormalities among the exposure group were 1.471 (95%CI: 1.060, 2.054), 1.691 (95%CI: 1.208, 2.385), and 7.576 (95%CI: 4.967, 11.994) times higher than those in the control group respectively. The single-factor analysis demonstrated a positively linear trend between working age and hypertension prevalence, electrical audiometry abnormality rate, or liver secretory function indicator abnormality rate. Corrected for gender, age, smoking status, hypertension, etc., the results of logistic analysis showed that quartile working age was positively related to abnormal liver secretion function and abnormal platelet-related indicators respectively (OR=1.047, P=0.005; OR=1.037, P=0.014), and inversely associated with the abnormal rate of renal function (OR=0.953, P=0.044). Conclusion Negative associations between health status and working age are identified in PV module production workers. The target PV module production employees are in younger age, and with the increase of working age, the abnormalities of liver function and platelets may increase. Therefore, the enterprises should extend occupational health work from workplace to workers.

Riesgo de Retención de Secreciones en Pacientes con Ventilación Mecánica Invasiva / Risk of Retention of Secretions in Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Introducción. Los pacientes conectados a ventilación mecánica invasiva pueden presentar complicaciones respiratorias, donde la retención de secreciones es una de las más frecuentes. El drenaje y eliminación de las secreciones depende entre otras variables de los flujos respiratorios generados, donde una diferencia absoluta entre el flujo espiratorio máximo (FEM) y flujo inspiratorio máximo (FIM) menor a 17 L•min-1 o una relación FIM/FEM mayor a 0.9 favorecerían la retención de secreciones. Sin embargo, falta por determinar los flujos respiratorios resultantes y la proporción de pacientes con riesgo de retención de secreciones según estos parámetros. Objetivo. Determinar los flujos respiratorios durante la ventilación mecánica invasiva y la proporción de pacientes que se encuentra en riesgo de retención de secreciones. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal desarrollado en la Unidad de Paciente Crítico Médico-Quirúrgico del "Hospital Clínico de la Red de Salud UC-CHRISTUS". Se incluyeron pacientes adultos intubados y conectados a ventilación mecánica, en quienes se determinó los flujos respiratorios resultantes y se estimó la diferencia absoluta FEM-FIM, la relación FIM/FEM y la proporción de pacientes con riesgo de retención de secreciones. Resultados. Se incluyeron 100 pacientes, 45% presentaba entre sus diagnósticos patología respiratoria. La mediana de la diferencia absoluta entre FEM y FIM fue de 6 L•min-1 (-5 - 14.5) y la mediana de la tasa FIM/FEM de 0.87 (0.7 - 1.13). Un 84% presentó una diferencia absoluta entre FEM y FIM menor a 17 L•min-1, mientras que el 46% presentó una relación FIM/FEM mayor a 0.9. Conclusión. Una alta proporción de pacientes conectados a ventilación mecánica presenta riesgo de retención de secreciones independiente de la presencia o ausencia de patología respiratoria. Se requieren futuras investigaciones para evaluar el impacto de este criterio sobre complicaciones respiratorias.

Background. Patients connected to invasive mechanical ventilation may develop respiratory complications, where retention of secretions is one of the most frequent. The drainage and elimination of the secretions depend on other variables of the respiratory flows generated, where an absolute difference between the peak expiratory flow (PEF) and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) less than 17 L•min-1 or a PIF/PEF ratio greater than 0.9 would favor secretion retention. However, it is necessary to determine the respiratory flows and the proportion of patients, with and without respiratory pathology, with a risk of secretions retention according to these parameters. Objective. Determine respiratory flows during connection to invasive mechanical ventilation and the proportion of patients with and without respiratory pathology at risk of secretions retention. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit of the "Hospital Clínico de la Red de Salud UC-CHRISTUS". Intubated adult patients connected to mechanical ventilation were included, in whom the respiratory flows were assessed, and the absolute PEF-PIF difference, PIF/PEF ratio, and the proportion of patients with a risk of secretions retention were determined. Results. 100 patients were included, of which 45% presented among their diagnoses acute or chronic respiratory pathology. For the total number of patients, the median of the absolute difference between PEF and PIF was 6 L•min-1 (-5 - 14.5), and the median of the PIF/PEF ratio of 0.87 (0.7 - 1.13). Of the total of patients, 84% presented an absolute difference between PEF and PIF less than 17 L• min-1, while 46% presented a PIF/PEF ratio greater than 0.9. Conclusion. Considering the absolute difference between PEF-PIF and the PIF/PEF ratio, many patients present a risk of secretions retention. However, whether this is associated with severe respiratory complications in patients connected to invasive mechanical ventilation should be clarified in future research.

Correlation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 with chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To discuss the correlation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3] with chronic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients.Methods:One hundred and twenty-four PCOS patients registered from January 2018 to January 2020 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University were selected retrospectively. According to the difference of body mass index (BMI), the patients were divided into PCOS 1 group (BMI<25 kg/m 2, 64 cases) and PCOS 2 group (BMI≥25 kg/m 2, 60 cases). At the same time, 60 patients with simple obesity were selected as the obesity group and 58 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The somatology indicators, gonadal hormone, serum 25(OH)D3, insulin resistance (IR) related index and chronic inflammation factors were measured, the correlations of serum 25(OH)D3 with relevant indicators were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The BMI, waist hip ratio, testosterone(T), luteinizing hormone (LH) / follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), free androgen index(FAI), fasting insulin (FINS), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) in the four groups had significant differences ( P<0.05); the level of 25(OH)D3 in the PCOS 1 group was lower than that in the PCOS 2 group: (1.14 ± 0.36) nmol/L vs. (1.83 ± 0.25) nmol/L, P<0.05; the levels of FINS, HOMA-IR in the PCOS 2 group were higher than those in the PCOS 1 group, obesity group and control group: (13.26 ± 2.61) mg/L vs. (5.58 ± 1.03), (6.63 ± 1.42), (4.66 ± 0.85) mg/L, 1.49 ± 0.37 vs. 1.15 ± 0.20, 1.12 ± 0.22, 0.96 ± 0.11, P<0.05; the level of ISI in the PCOS 2 group was lower than that in the PCOS1 group, obesity group and control group: - 4.19 ± 0.78 vs. - 3.52 ± 0.74, - 3.23 ± 0.53, - 3.06 ± 0.54, P<0.05. The levels of interleukin-6(IL-6), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the four groups had significant differences ( P<0.05); the level of IL-6 in the PCOS 2 group was higher than that in the PCOS 1 group: (18.15 ± 4.93) ng/L vs. (14.77 ± 4.58) ng/L, P<0.05. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum of 25(OH)D3 had negative correlation with IL-6, BMI, waist hip ratio, T, FINS, ISI, TGF-β and TNF-α( r = - 0.582, - 0.242, - 0.371, - 0.203, - 0.208, - 0.267, - 0.723, - 0.617, P<0.05). Conclusions:Serum 25(OH)D3 is correlated with chronic inflammation and IR, and involved into the genesis and progression of PCOS.

Role of corneal cold thermoreceptors in the occurrence and development of dry eye / 中华实验眼科杂志

Dry eye is a multifactorial disease caused by changes in tear quality, volume and dynamics.Disturbance of tear film as the main character is accompanied by discomfort, visual disorder, and damage to the ocular surface and nerves.Cold thermoreceptors existing on the ocular surface are sensitive to alterations in corneal temperature and tear osmolality.They can give rise to the sensations of cold and pain, and regulate tear secretion, and are considered to be associated with the clinical manifestations of dry eye in some ways.This article reviewed the progress of corneal cold thermoreceptors in the regulation of corneal sensation and tear secretion, the related factors of corneal sensory regulation, and the clinical applications of TRPM8-related drugs, so as to provide ideas for the treatment of dry eye.

Expression and Significance of Lactate Dehydrogenase A in Renal Cell Carcinoma / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo analyze the expression of Lactate dehydrogenase A（LDHA） in both renal cell carcinoma （RCC） tissue and RCC cell lines， and to investigate the impact of LDHA expression on the progression of RCC. MethodsFrom June 2018 to June 2022， totally 52 cases of RCC tissue samples and 49 cases of para-cancerous tissue samples were collected through surgical procedures from our hospital. LDHA expression was detected using immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The expression levels of LDHA in vitro were also detected in the normal human proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2 and renal cell carcinoma cell lines A498， Caki-2， ACHN， and 786-O by using qRT-PCR and Western blot. A recombinant plasmid carrying LDHA-shRNA was constructed and then transfected into 786-O cells to down-regulate the expression of LDHA. Tumor proliferative capacity was monitored using CCK-8 assay， clonal formation assay and EdU assessments. Additionally， cell glycolytic activity was assessed through glucose uptake assay， lactate secretion assay， and ECAR analysis. ResultsIHC analysis revealed significantly higher expression of LDHA in RCC tissue compared to adjacent tissues（P<0.05）. Furthermore， RCC tissues with higher TNM stage exhibited greater expression of LDHA than those with lower TNM stage （P<0.05）. The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that the expression of LDHA in each RCC cell line was significantly higher than that in HK-2（P<0.05）. After blocking the expression of LDHA in 786-O， there was a significant down-regulation of cell proliferation and glycolysis capacity （P<0.05）. ConclusionsThe expression of LDHA in RCC tissue and RCC cell lines is significantly overexpressed compared with normal one， particularly in those with higher TNM stage. Knockdown of the expression of LDHA significantly suppresses cell proliferation and aerobic glycolysis capacity in 786-O.

Research progress on the structure and function of the type IX secretion system of Porphyromonas gingivalis / 口腔疾病防治

@#The Porphyromonas gingivalis type IX secretion system (T9SS) is a recently discovered protein secretion system that is widely distributed in Bacillus cereus. The T9SS is structurally complex and powerful. More than 20 T9SS components have been verified, and more than 30 virulence factors can be secreted by Porphyromonas gingivalis alone, which contributes significant to the pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis. T9SS is a large protein complex spanning the inner cell membrane, periplasm, and outer cell membrane. Through the structural and functional connections among its components, it forms a sophisticated functional complex that includes power provision, energy transduction, inner and outer membrane translocation, outer membrane modification, and regulatory systems to recognize, translocate, shear, and modify cargo proteins and translocate bacterial intracellular cargo proteins to the cell surface. In recent years, with advancements in X-ray diffraction and in situ cryoelectron microscopy, the exploration of T9SS has evolved from the functional study of single components to the in situ structural study of multiprotein complexes. Still, the structural resolution of the protein still has shortcomings such as low resolution and an inability to capture dynamic functional structures. Future research directions should focus more on exploring how T9SS interacts and functions with cargo proteins. In this paper, we review the research progress on Porphyromonas gingivalis T9SS on X-ray diffraction and cryoelectron microscopy structure resolution in order to gain a deeper understanding of the transport mechanism of T9SS.

Acupuncture for aqueous deficiency dry eye: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVES@#To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture and sodium hyaluronate eye drop in the treatment of aqueous deficiency dry eye.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients (120 eyes) with aqueous deficiency dry eye were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 1 case dropped out) and a control group (30 cases, 1 case dropped out). In the control group, sodium hyaluronate eye drop were used, one drop at a time, 4 times a day, for 14 consecutive days. In the observation group, acupuncture was applied at bilateral Shangjingming (Extra), Cuanzhu (BL 2), Sizhukong (TE 23), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), and Tongziliao (GB 1) , once a day, treatment for 6 days with the interval of 1 day was required, for 14 consecutive days. The tear meniscus height (TMH), Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠT), ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), and corneal fluorescein sodium staining (FLS) score were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the safety of the treatment of the two groups was observed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those before treatment, after treatment, TMH, SⅠT and NIBUT were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and FLS scores were decreased (P<0.01) in the two groups; the score of OSDI was reduced (P<0.01) in the observation group. After treatment, in the observation group, TMH and SⅠT were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01), and the score of OSDI was lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). No adverse reactions and adverse events were observed in the two groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Acupuncture and sodium hyaluronate eye drop can both effectively treat aqueous deficiency dry eye, acupuncture has obvious advantages in improving TMH and basic tear secretion, and reducing the subjective symptoms of patients. Acupuncture for dry eye is safe.

Expert Consensus on Bilateral Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling in the Diagnosis of Cushing′s Syndrome (2023) / 罕见病研究

@#Cushing′s syndrome(CS)is a clinical syndrome caused by a variety of causes, with main manifestations exhibited by central obesity, purple skin striae, hypertension, and diabetes. In patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)-dependent CS, the result of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling(BIPSS)is the gold standard for determining the source of ACTH in the absence of routine imaging findings.However, the indications, contraindications, operating procedures, precautions and outcome judgments of BIPSS differ from one medical center to another, and there are currently no international and domestic clinical guidelines and expert consensus on BIPSS. In order to further improve the operation specifications of BIPSS in the diagnosis process of difficult CS, the Hypothalamic and Pituitary Disease Group of the China Alliance for Rare Diseases and the Innovation Center of Pituitary Diseases of Peking Union Medical College Hospital organized experts in endocrinology, interventional radiology, neurosurgery and laboratory in China to formulate this consensus. This consensus aims to provide standardized methodological guidance for the use of BIPSS in the differential diagnostic process of CS in clinical practice.

Decreasing complexity of glucose time series derived from continuous glucose monitoring is correlated with deteriorating glucose regulation / 医学前沿

Most information used to evaluate diabetic statuses is collected at a special time-point, such as taking fasting plasma glucose test and providing a limited view of individual's health and disease risk. As a new parameter for continuously evaluating personal clinical statuses, the newly developed technique "continuous glucose monitoring" (CGM) can characterize glucose dynamics. By calculating the complexity of glucose time series index (CGI) with refined composite multi-scale entropy analysis of the CGM data, the study showed for the first time that the complexity of glucose time series in subjects decreased gradually from normal glucose tolerance to impaired glucose regulation and then to type 2 diabetes (P for trend < 0.01). Furthermore, CGI was significantly associated with various parameters such as insulin sensitivity/secretion (all P < 0.01), and multiple linear stepwise regression showed that the disposition index, which reflects β-cell function after adjusting for insulin sensitivity, was the only independent factor correlated with CGI (P < 0.01). Our findings indicate that the CGI derived from the CGM data may serve as a novel marker to evaluate glucose homeostasis.

Asiatic acid improves insulin secretion of β cells in type 2 diabetes through TNF- α/Mfn2 pathway / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of asiatic acid on β-cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).@*METHODS@#The T2DM model was established by high fat diet and streptozotocin injection in ICR mice, and the effects of asiatic acid on glucose regulation were investigated in model mice. The islets were isolated from palmitic acid-treated diabetic mice. ELISA was used to detect the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. ATP assay was applied to measure ATP production, and Western blotting was used to detect protein expression of mature β cell marker urocortin (Ucn) 3 and mitofusin (Mfn) 2. The regulatory effects of asiatic acid on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and Ucn3 expression were also investigated after siRNA interference with Mfn2 or treatment with TNF-α.@*RESULTS@#Asiatic acid with the dose of 25 mg·kg－1·d－1 had the best glycemic control in T2DM mice and improved the homeostasis model assessment β index. Asiatic acid increased the expression of Mfn2 and Ucn3 protein and improved the GSIS function of diabetic β cells in vitro and in vivo (both P<0.05). Moreover, it improved the ATP production of islets of T2DM mice in vitro (P<0.05). Interfering Mfn2 with siRNA blocked the up-regulation of Ucn3 and GSIS induced by asiatic acid. Asiatic acid inhibited islet TNF-α content and increased Mfn2 and Ucn3 protein expression inhibited by TNF-α.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Asiatic acid improves β cell insulin secretion function in T2DM mice by maintaining the β cell maturity, which may be related to the TNF-α/Mfn2 pathway.

Construction and Validation of A Risk Model for Predicting Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response of Bladder Cancer Based on Cellular Senescence-related Genes / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To evaluate the prognosis and immunotherapy response of patients with bladder cancer by constructing a risk-score model of cellular senescence-related signature (SRS), as well as to explore the clinical application value of SRS in bladder cancer. Methods Senescence genes were screened from TCGA-BLCA, and cellular SRS genes were screened according to LASSO regression. A bladder cancer risk-score model was constructed based on the SRS genes to analyze the survival difference and model-fit degree of TCGA-BLCA high- and low-risk groups. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression was used to analyze the prognostic risk factors of bladder cancer. Overall survival differences of high- and low-risk groups in GEO-BLCA database were verified, and variations in immunotherapy responses were analyzed in IMvigor210 databases. According to the result of β-gal chromogenic reaction in bladder cancer and normal paracancer tissues, the existence of cell senescence was determined. Results Eight marker genes were screened, and patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the median risk score constructed by the marker genes. The 5-year survival rate of high risk group was lower than that of low risk group (training and validation sets P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve of TCGA-BLCA in 1-, 3-, and 5-year were 0.657, 0.660, and 0.688, and those for GSE13507 were 0.665, 0.665, and 0.613, respectively. SRS risk score can be used as an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. The SRS risk score in the response group was lower than that in the non-response group during bladder cancer immunotherapy (P < 0.05). The β-gal staining of bladder cancer tissue was positive, but the β-gal staining of adjacent normal tissue was negative. Conclusion Cell senescence occurs in bladder cancer tissues. SRS risk score can predict the clinical prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, and patients with low score can benefit from immunotherapy. SRS is a reliable biomarker for the prognosis and immunotherapy response of bladder cancer.

Is dacryocystectomy effective in reducing epiphora?

Purpose: To study the efficacy of dacryocystectomy (DCT) in reducing epiphora in cases of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods: This was a prospective, nonrandomized, interventional study conducted over a period of 12 months. All cases who either opted or satisfied our criteria for DCT in primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (age above 70 years) were included in the study. Patients with secondary nasolacrimal duct obstruction and those undergoing revision surgeries were excluded. Patients were asked to report the percentage improvement in postoperative watering subjectively. Munk score and fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT) were recorded pre? and postoperatively. Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used for analysis. Results: Eighty?two eyes of 65 patients were included. Most of the patients (46, 70.8%) were females. The mean age was 68.46 ± 5.7 years (range: 60–85 years). The mean subjective improvement in watering was 86.8%. The P value for preoperative and postoperative difference in Munk score and FDDT score was highly significant (P = 0.00001). Conclusion: Apart from providing relief from ocular discharge, DCT also provides significant improvement in watering. Patients can be preoperatively counseled regarding chances of reduction in epiphora following surgery

Validity and reliability of simple surrogate indexes to evaluate beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity

BACKGROUND: Simple surrogate indexes (SSI) to assess beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity (IS) and insulin resistance (IR) are an easy and economic tool used in clinical practice to identify glucose metabolism disturbances. AIM: To evaluate the validity and reliability of SSI that estimate beta-cell function, IS and IR using as a reference the parameters obtained from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 62 subjects aged 20-45 years, with a normal body mass index and without diabetes or prediabetes. SSI were compared with the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), insulin sensitivity index (Si) and disposition index (DI) obtained from the FSIVGTT using the minimal model approach. Half of the participants (n = 31) were randomly selected for a second visit two weeks later to evaluate the reliability of all the variables. RESULTS: HOMA1-%B and HOMA2-%B had a significant correlation with AIRg (Spearman Rho (rs) = 0.33 and 0.37 respectively, p 0.50) with Si were fasting insulin, HOMA1-IR, HOMA2-IR, HOMA1-%S, HOMA2-%S, QUICKI, and the McAuley index. The parameters that showed good reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.75 were AIRg, HOMA1-%S, HOMA2-%S, and QUICKI. Conclusions: Our results suggest that most of the SSI are useful and reliable.

ANTECEDENTES: Los índices simples subrogados (ISS) que evalúan la función de célula beta, sensibilidad a la insulina (SI) y resistencia a la insulina (RI) son herramientas sencillas y económicas que se usan en la práctica clínica para identificar alteraciones del metabolismo de la glucosa. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la validez y confiabilidad de ISS para estimar la función de célula beta, SI y RI usando como referencia los parámetros de la prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa intravenosa con muestreo frecuente (FSIVGTT). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 62 sujetos de 20-45 años, con índice de masa corporal normal y sin diabetes mellitus o prediabetes. Los ISS se compararon con la respuesta aguda de la insulina a la glucosa (AIRg), índice de sensibilidad a la insulina (Si) e índice de disposición (DI) obtenidos de la FSIVGTT en base al modelo mínimo. La mitad de los participantes (n = 31) se seleccionaron aleatoriamente para acudir dos semanas después y evaluar la confiabilidad de todas las variables. RESULTADOS: HOMA1-%B y HOMA2-%B presentaron una correlación significativa con AIRg (Rho de Spearman (rs) = 0,33 and 0,37, respectivamente, p 0,50) con Si fueron insulina en ayuno, HOMA1-IR, HOMA2-IR, HOMA1-%S, HOMA2-%S, QUICKI y el índice de McAuley. Los parámetros que tuvieron buena confiabilidad (coeficiente de correlación intraclase > 0,75) fueron AIRg, HOMA1-%S, HOMA2-%S y QUICKI. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los ISS son instrumentos útiles y confiables.

De Novo Gastric Acid Secretion Mediated by Dietary Acrylamide Induced Oxidative Stress in Stomach Tissue of Experimental Rats

Background: Acrylamide input on gastric mucosa lesion is known but not fully elucidated. In this study the impact of dietary acrylamide on gastric acid secretion; an aggressive factor capable of causing erosion of the stomach tissue was evaluated to explain possible reason why acrylamide could induce gastric mucosa lesion. Thus, the study focuses on the impact of dietary acrylamide on gastric acid secretion and its association with mucosa lesion. Materials and Methods: Fifteen (15) male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into three groups (n = 5). Group 1 (control) was fed with standard rat diet, Group 2 and 3 were fed with standard rat diet contaminated with acrylamide doses (7.5mg/kg and 15mg/kg respectively) reported to compromise gastric mucosa integrity. The experimental animals were allowed free access to their various feed and drinking water ad libitum for 4 weeks. Impact of the dietary acrylamide on gastric acid secretion, gastric acidity and stomach tissue oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Catalase, CAT) were determined. Results: Average dietary consumption across the groups was 90.88% per week. Acrylamide contaminated diet significantly increased gastric acid secretion and gastric acidity in a dose dependent manner when compared to control, P<0.01. Dietary acrylamide also induced oxidative stress on stomach tissues by significantly increasing MDA as well as decreasing SOD, GPx, and CAT of the stomach in a dose dependent manner when compared to control, P<0.01. Conclusion: Findings from the study suggests that oxidative stress induced on stomach tissue by dietary acrylamide could be as a result of the increase in gastric acid secretion and gastric acidity observed.

Presence of Chlamydia abortus in colostrum, milk, and vaginal discharge samples of sheep

Background: The main transmission route of Chlamydia abortus is by ingesting the microorganism that has been eliminated in vaginal secretions, placental membranes or abortions that contaminate the environment and, possibly, through milk and colostrum. Elimination through vaginal secretions is well documented. However, there are no reports about isolation and identification of C. abortus in the colostrum or milk of infected sheep, so it is important to determine whether or not C. abortus may be present in these secretions, which are the only food of lambs. Objective: To detect C. abortus in colostrum, milk, and vaginal secretions of sheep with a history of reproductive disorders. Methods: Colostrum, milk, and vaginal exudates were collected from 66 sheep. The samples were inoculated in mouse fibroblast cell cultures and the presence of C. abortus determined by direct immunofluorescence. Results: 19 out of 66 colostrum samples (28.7%), 14 out of 66 milk samples (21.2%) and 17 out of 66 vaginal swabs (25.7%) were positive for C. abortus. The 50 samples positive for isolation and detected by immunofluorescence, together with 42 negative samples were subjected to qPCR to amplify a fragment of the ompA gene from C. abortus. Thirty-eight of the 92 samples processed by this technique were positive for C. abortus. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the presence of C. abortus in a high proportion in colostrum, milk and vaginal secretions of infected sheep. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first field study confirming the presence of C. abortus in colostrum, which shows that excretion of Chlamydia by lactogenesis could occur in the first hours after birth.

Antecedentes: La principal vía de transmisión de C. abortus es la ingestión del microorganismo que ha sido eliminado en las secreciones vaginales, membranas placentarias, abortos y, posiblemente, a través de la leche y el calostro. La eliminación a través de secreciones vaginales está bien documentada. Sin embargo, no existen reportes del aislamiento e identificación de C. abortus en el calostro o la leche de ovejas infectadas, por lo que es importante determinar si la bacteria puede o no estar presente en estas secreciones, que son el único alimento de los corderos. Objetivo: Detectar la presencia de C. abortus in calostro, leche y secreciones vaginales de ovejas con antecedentes de problemas reproductivos. Método: Con el propósito de aislar e identificar C. abortus en estas secreciones, se recolectó calostro, leche y exudado vaginal de 66 ovejas. Las muestras fueron inoculadas en cultivos celulares de fibroblastos de ratón y se determinó la presencia de la bacteria por inmunofluorescencia directa. Resultados: Fueron positivas 19 de 66 muestras de calostro (28,7%), 14 de 66 muestras de leche (21,2%) y 17 de 66 hisopos vaginales (25,7%). Las 50 muestras positivas al aislamiento y detectadas por inmunofluorescencia, junto con 42 negativas se sometieron a qPCR para amplificar un fragmento del gen ompA de C. abortus; 38 de las 92 muestras procesadas por esta técnica fueron positivas para C. abortus. Conclusión: Los resultados del presente estudio demostraron la presencia de C. abortus en una alta proporción en el calostro, la leche y las secreciones vaginales de ovejas infectadas. Este es el primer estudio de campo que confirma la presencia de C. abortus en calostro, lo que demuestra que la excreción de clamidia por lactogénesis podría ocurrir en las primeras horas después del nacimiento.

Antecedentes: A principal via de transmissão da Chlamydia abortus é a ingestão do microrganismo que foi eliminado nas secreções vaginais, membranas placentárias ou abortos que contaminam o meio ambiente e, possivelmente, através do leite e colostro. A eliminação pelas secreções vaginais está bem documentada. No entanto, não há relatos de isolamento e identificação de C. Abortus no colostro ou leite de ovelhas infectadas, por isso é importante verificar se a bactéria pode estar ou não presente nessas secreções, único alimento dos cordeiros. Objetivo: Detectar a presença de C. Abortus no colostro, leite e secreções vaginais de ovelhas com histórico de distúrbios reprodutivos Métodos: Para isolar e identificar C. Abortus nessas secreções, foram coletados colostro, leite e exsudato vaginal de 66 ovelhas. As amostras foram inoculadas em cultura de células de fibroblastos de camundongo e a presença da bactéria determinada por imunofluorescência direta. Resultados: 19 de 66 amostras de colostro (28,7%), 14 de 66 amostras de leite (21,2%) e 17 de 66 esfregaços vaginais (25,7%) sendo positivos. As 50 amostras positivas para isolamento e detectadas por imunofluorescência, juntamente com as 42 negativas, foram submetidas a qPCR para amplificar um fragmento do gene ompA de C. Abortus. Trinta e oito das 92 amostras processadas por esta técnica foram positivas para C. Abortus. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram a presença de C. Abortus em alta proporção no colostro, leite e secreções vaginais de ovelhas infectadas. Este trabalho é o primeiro estudo de campo na literatura científica confirmando a presença de C. Abortus no colostro, o que mostra que a excreção da clamídia por lactogênese pode ocorrer nas primeiras horas após o nascimento.

Análisis comparativo de la actividad antimicrobiana de secreciones y excreciones larvarias de Calliphora vicina y Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) / A comparative analysis of Calliphora vicina and Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larval secretions and excretions antimicrobial activity

Introducción. La creciente resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos representa una amenaza mundial de salud pública. Las excreciones y secreciones larvarias derivadas de moscas necrófagas de la familia Calliphoridae podrían configurar una fuente promisoria para contrarrestar sus efectos. Objetivo. Comparar la actividad antimicrobiana de las excreciones y secreciones larvarias nativas, y de las mayores y menores de 10 kDa de Calliphora vicina y Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Materiales y métodos. El bioensayo se hizo a partir de la técnica de turbidimetría y en el caso de las excreciones y secreciones menores de 10 kDa se determinó la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM). Resultados. Las excreciones y secreciones nativas y las menores de 10 kDa de C. vicina y S. magellanica, evidenciaron una potente actividad antibacteriana contra tres cepas de Staphylococcus aureus y cuatro bacterias Gram negativas, siendo las menores de 10 kDa más efectivas que las nativas en las dos especies de moscas evaluadas. Además, las menores de 10 kDa presentaron la misma efectividad, aunque en las pruebas de CIM se observó que las de S. magellanica fueron más potentes en todas las bacterias evaluadas, excepto contra la cepa de S. aureus ATCC 25923. Las mayores de 10 kDa no inhibieron el crecimiento bacteriano. Conclusión. Los resultados validaron, en general, que estas sustancias son fuente importante para el aislamiento y la caracterización de agentes antimicrobianos.

Introduction: The growing resistance to antibiotics worldwide represents a global threat to public health. The larval excretions and secretions derived from necrophagous flies from the Calliphoridae family could represent a promising source for counteracting their effects. Objective: To compare the antimicrobial activity of Calliphora vicina and Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) native excretions and secretions and those weighing more than 10 kDa and less. Materials and methods: We used the turbidimetry technique for the bioassay; we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for excretions and secretions weighing less than 10 kDa. Results: Calliphora vicina and S. magellanica native excretions and secretions and those weighing less than 10 kDa exhibited potent antibacterial activity against three Staphylococcus aureus strains and four Gram-negative bacteria; those weighing less than 10 kDa were more effective than the native ones in the two species of flies evaluated here. Furthermore, excretions and secretions weighing less than 10 kDa had the same effectiveness, except in the MIC trials where S. magellanica excretions and secretions weighing less than 10 kDa were more potent against all the bacteria evaluated, except for S. aureus ATCC 25923. Excretions and secretions weighing more than 10 kDa did not inhibit bacterial growth. Conclusions: These results potentially validate these substances as an important source for isolating and characterizing antimicrobial agents.

Clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics of heterotopic gastric mucosa in upper esophagus / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To study the clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics of heterotopic gastric mucosa in upper esophagus (HGMUE).Methods:A Total of 177 patients who underwent gastroscopy and were diagnosed as having HGMUE at the Endoscopy Center of Wuhan Union Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were included in the study. According to the gastroesophageal reflux disease symptom questionnaire (GERD-Q) scores, patients were divided into the HGMUE group (GERD-Q<8, n=101) and GERD+HGMUE group (GERD-Q≥8, n=76). The data of clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics were analyzed. Results:Among the 177 HGMUE cases, there were 111 males (62.71%) and 66 females (37.29%), 76 (42.94%) with GERD, and 101 (57.06%) without GERD. The most common symptom was continuous clearing throat [54.24% (96/177)], followed by foreign body sensations of throat [48.59% (86/177)], and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, indigestion, acid reflux [48.59% (86/177)]. In the HGMUE group, the occurrence rate of clearing throat was the highest [42.57% (43/101)], then foreign body sensations of throat accounted for 33.66% (34/101), and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms was 27.72% (28/101). In the HGUME+GERD group, the most common symptom was gastroesophageal reflux symptoms [76.32% (58/76)], then clearing throat [69.74% (53/76)] and foreign body sensations of throat [68.42% (52/76)]. Under gastroscopy, 177 heterotopic gastric lesions were found under gastroscopy with orange-red round, oval or elongated island like ones, most of which were flat and a few slightly protruded from the peripheral plane. There were 132 (74.58%) single-lesion cases, 38 (21.47%) 2-lesion, and 7 (3.95%) 3- or more-lesion cases; there were 37 (20.90%) small lesions (maximum diameter <0.5 cm), and 74 (41.81%) median-size lesions (maximum diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm), and 66 (37.3%) larger lesions (maximum diameter >1.0 cm). Among the 30 [16.95% (30/177)] samples of mucosal tissue, 15 [50.00% (15/30)] were mainly cardia gland, 8 [26.67% (8/30)] were mainly pyloric gland, 6 [20.00% (6/30)] were mixed type, and 1 [3.33% (1/30)] was squamous epithelium. In the immunohistochemical test, 20 cases [66.67% (20/30)] showed positive of H +/K +-ATPase, and 10 cases [33.33% (10/30)] were negative. Conclusion:HGMUE is more common in male patients, and may be combined with GERD. Among them, patients with combined GERD are more likely to develop laryngopharyngeal reflux. The heterotopic gastric mucosas lesions are orange-red round, oval or elongated island-like under gastroscopy, and most of them are flat, single and median- or large-sized. Histological types are mostly fundic glands, and H +/K +-ATPase positive is more common. It is speculated that acid secretion may be an important factor leading to throat symptoms.

Application of insulin secretion index in disease assessment, multiple organ failure and prognosis prediction in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of insulin secretion index (HOMA-β) in the evaluation of the condition of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure (MOF) and prognosis prediction.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 96 patients with ARDS hospitalized in Hangzhou Hospital of Zhejiang Medical Health Group from January 2019 to February 2021 was divided into MOF group (38 cases) and non-MOF group (58 cases). The baseline HOMA-β, oxygenation index, acute physiology and chronic health score Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and 28 d case fatality rate were collected and compared between the two groups. Compare the HOMA-β, oxygenation index, APACHE Ⅱ score, SOFA of ARDS patients with different survival prognosis. Logistic regression model analyzed the influence of HOMA-β, oxygenation index, APACHE Ⅱ, SOFA on the MOF and survival prognosis of ARDS patients. Pearson linear correlation method was used to analyze the relationship between HOMA-β and oxygenation index, APACHE Ⅱ, SOFA in ARDS patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive power of HOMA-β on MOF and prognosis of ARDS patients.Results:The incidence of MOF and 28 d case fatality rate in 96 patients with ARDS were 39.58% (38/96) and 31.25% (31/96), respectively. The HOMA-β and oxygenation index in the MOF group were significantly lower than those in non-MOF group: 126.37 ± 28.75 vs. 178.52 ± 32.66, (125.41 ± 18.77) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (153.62 ± 26.42) mmHg, while the APACHE Ⅱ, SOFA and 28 d case fatality rate were significantly higher than those in non-MOF group: (23.61 ± 4.68) points vs. (10.96 ± 2.85) points, (11.24 ± 1.65) points vs. (5.62 ± 0.87) points and 65.79% (25/38) vs. 10.34% (6/58), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The HOMA-β and oxygenation index in dead ARDS patients were significantly lower than those in surviving ARDS patients: 89.62 ± 21.17 vs. 195.43 ± 35.64 and (121.66 ± 21.06) mmHg vs. (158.87 ± 28.71) mmHg, the APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA were significantly higher than those in surviving ARDS patients: (25.78 ± 5.42) points vs. (8.84 ± 2.51) points, (12.38 ± 1.22) points vs. (4.88 ± 0.83) points, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Logistic regression model analysis showed that HOMA-β, oxygenation index, APACHE Ⅱ, SOFA of ARDS patients were all influencing factors of MOF and survival prognosis ( P<0.05). The results of Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that HOMA-β in ARDS patients was positively correlated with its oxygenation index ( P<0.05), and its APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA were negatively correlated ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis results show that HOMA-β in ARDS patients has a high predictive power for their MOF and prognosis. Conclusions:The level of HOMA-β in ARDS patients is low, and it is closely related to its condition, MOF occurrence and survival prognosis. It can be used as a reference index for disease assessment and MOF and prognosis prediction of ARDS patients.

Nerve electrical stimulation treatment of xerostomia / 口腔疾病防治

@#Patients with impaired quality of life associated with xerostomia need long-term treatment, and a nerve stimulator has the advantage of providing natural saliva and long-term management for patients with xerostomia by electrically stimulating the relevant secretory nerves to promote saliva production. A number of clinical trials have preliminarily demonstrated the efficacy of nerve electrical stimulation in the treatment of xerostomia. However, electrical stimulation has not yet become the mainstream treatment for xerostomia. Large prospective randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness and safety. In addition, the design of nerve stimulators is of great significance for clinical application. The large volume and inconvenient treatment associated with the extra oral nerve stimulator and the first generation intraoral nerve stimulator hinder their clinical application and popularization. The second- and third-generation intraoral nerve stimulator devices are small, convenient to use and have great application prospects. Research on electrical nerve stimulators for xerostomia treatment is mainly concentrated in European and American countries, while there is very little domestic research. It is urgent to master the core technology for the research and development of electrical nerve stimulators. The innovation of miniaturization, efficient power supply, data feedback and packaging will be the key issues of electrical nerve stimulators in the future. In this paper, the treatment and research of electrical nerve stimulation for xerostomia are reviewed to provide a reference for related basic research and the clinical application of electrical stimulators treating xerostomia in China.