ABSTRACT
Abstract Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez. it is a native tree species of the Atlantic Forest, commonly known as canela-preta. The species has some anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antirheumatic properties among others. In this work the use of frozen plant material for microscopy analysis was tested. In addition, the leaf morpho-anatomy of the species was characterized which allowed to perform a structural description and to identify structures of secretion and storage of essential oil. The plant material was prepared for analyzes in optical, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The leaf anatomy shows glabrous epidermis, unistratified, paracytic stomata, absence of trichomes, polyhedral epidermal cells. Some typical family characteristics were observed as a closed arc-shaped bicollateral bundle vascular system and dorsiventral mesophyll. The structures of secretion and storage of essential oil were identified as secretory cavities.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile , Forests , Nectandra amare/analysis , Plant Epidermis , Plant StomataABSTRACT
The genus Casearia (Salicaceae) is found in sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world and comprises about 200 species. In Brazil, there are about 48 species and 12 are registered in the State of Rio de Janeiro; including Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb. Essential oil was obtained from the fresh leaves by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. The cytotoxic effect was determined by WST-1 assay. Chemical analysis of the essential oil revealed a very diversified (n = 37 compounds) volatile fraction composed mainly of non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes (90.2%). These sesquiterpenes included byciclogermacrene (18.7%), germacrene D (12.1%) and α-humulene (11.5%). In addition, the essential oil demonstrated cytotoxic effects against A549 tumor cells in the concentration of 4 µg/mL (EC50) (p < 0.05).
El género Casearia (Salicáceas) se encuentra en las regiones tropicales y sub-tropicales del planeta y comprende alrededor de 200 especies. En Brasil existen 48 especies, 12 de las cuales fueron registradas en el Estado de Río de Janeiro incluyendo Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb. El aceite esencial fue extraído de hojas frescas por hidrodestilación y analizado por GC-MS y GC-FID. El efecto citotóxico fue determinado por ensayo WST-1. Las cavidades secretorias fueron ocasionalmente encontradas tanto en la lámina foliar como en el pecíolo. El análisis químico del aceite esencial reveló una muy diversa fracción volátil (n = 37 compuestos) formada principalmente por sesquiterpenos no oxigenados (90,2%). Estos sesquiterpenos incluyen biciclogermacreno (18,7%), germacreno D (12,1%) y α-humuleno (11,5%). Además, el aceite esencial demostró efectos citotóxicos contra las células tumorales A549 en una concentración de 4µg/mL (EC50) (p < 0.05).
Subject(s)
Casearia/chemistry , Cytotoxins/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Salicaceae/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/analysisABSTRACT
O estudo de plantas medicinais envolve várias áreas da ciência. Neste contexto, a anatomia contribui para a identificação da espécie e consequentemente, com a qualidade do produto da planta. Este trabalho descreve a anatomia do caule e da folha de Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum (Myrtaceae), coletada em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Os órgãos estudados apresentaram epiderme unisseriada, recoberta com cutícula espessa, e cavidades secretoras. O caule apresentou anel contínuo de tecido vascular ao redor da medula, com o floema em ambos os lados do xilema. A folha foi hipoestomática com tricomas na face abaxial, com mesofilo bifacial e feixe vascular anficrival circundado por periciclo esclerenquimático no pecíolo e na nervura principal. Entre os testes histoquímicos, resultados positivos foram obtidos para lipídeos, compostos fenólicos, amido e oxalato de cálcio (drusas). A espécie apresentou aspectos anatômicos típicos da família e as cavidades secretoras presentes nas folhas foram relacionadas aos compostos secundários detectados.
The study of medicinal plants involves several areas of science. Anatomy contributes to species identification and consequently, with quality control of plant product. This paper describes the leaf and stem anatomy of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum (Myrtaceae), collected in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. The studied organs presented uniseriate epidermis covered by a thick cuticle and secretory cavities. The stem showed a continuous ring of vascular tissues around the pith, with phloem on both sides of the xylem. The leaf was hypostomatic, with trichomes on the abaxial face, with bifacial mesophyll and amphicrival vascular bundle, surrounded by a sclerenchymatous pericycle in the petiole and in the midrib. Among the histochemical tests, positive results were obtained for lipids, phenolic compounds, starch and calcium oxalate (druses). The species had anatomical features typical of the family and the secretory cavities present in leaves and stems were related to the secondary metabolites detected.
Subject(s)
Plant Structures , Pimenta , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Corymbia pertence à família Myrtaceae e envolve mais de 100 espécies arbóreas. Particularmente, a espécie Corymbia calophylla (Lindl.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S. Johnson é um dos taxa transferidos de Eucalyptus para Corymbia, com utilização para a fabricação de mobiliário requintado e para o tratamento de disfunções digestivas, segundo a medicina tradicional australiana. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as características anatômicas da folha de C. calophylla, a partir de espécimes coletados na Embrapa Florestas (Colombo-PR, Brasil). As análises anatômicas foram conduzidas a partir dos métodos usuais de microscopia fotônica e microscopia eletrônica. A anatomia foliar revelou a presença de estômatos anomocíticos na face abaxial da folha, mesofilo dorsiventral e nervura mediana com cavidades secretoras inseridas no sistema vascular. Em secção transversal, o pecíolo apresentou formato plano-convexo. Na estrutura anatômica do limbo foliar, da nervura mediana e do pecíolo foram observadas cavidades secretoras contendo material de natureza lipofílica, além de idioblastos de conteúdo fenólico. Alguns idioblastos contendo drusas de oxalato de cálcio foram também observados no parênquima da nervura mediana de C. calophylla.
Corymbia, a genus of Myrtaceae, shows more than 100 tree species. In particular, Corymbia calophylla (Lindl.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S. Johnson is one of the taxa changed from Eucalyptus to Corymbia. C. calophylla has been used for fine furniture and for treating digestive upsets according to the Australian traditional medicine. The goal of this paper was to study the anatomical data of leaves from C. calophylla. The botanical material was collected from Embrapa Forest (Colombo-PR, Brazil). The anatomical analyses were performed by the usual light and scanning microtechniques. Anomocytic stomata were observed on the abaxial surface. The foliar blade showed dorsiventral mesophyll. Midrib having secretory cavities included on the vascular system was seen. In transection, a plane-convex petiole was found. Secretory cavities with oil content were verified in the anatomical structures of the foliar blade, midrib and petiole, as well as idioblasts with phenolic substances. Some calcium oxalate druses were observed in parenchymatous tissue of the midrib of C. calophylla.