ABSTRACT
The normal ventilatory function is severely impaired by tracheal traumas, stenoses, tumors and some congenital diseases, which could result in tissue hypoxia and endangering the life of the patient. Resection and reconstruction of tracheal lesions is the most effective way to treat these diseases. At present, there is still no long-term safe and reliable method to achieve the reconstruction of long-segment trachea injury in clinical practice, and tissue-engineered trachea may be the solution to this situation. Cartilage, as one of the most important parts of tissue engineered trachea, plays a key role in providing mechanical support and maintaining the integrity of trachea. Tracheal tissue engineering cartilage regeneration process consists of several important parts, including the source of the cartilage cells, tissue engineering scaffold construction strategy and hydrogel composite scaffold material preparation, and the affecting factors of biological activity and application. This article reviews the new strategies of tissue engineered tracheal cartilage regeneration and the existing obstacles in order to provide reference for clinical practice.
ABSTRACT
Corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for corneal blindness at present,but the shortage of cornea donation and graft rejection are the serious obstacles for its broad application.Construction of tissueengineered corneal substitutes with good biocompatibility and normal biological function is emerging as a potential approach to overcome the shortages of donor corneas,and which will be a potential source of corneal grafts for corneal transplantation.With the development in the technology of biomaterials,cell culture and tissue engineering,the field of corneal tissue engineering has made great strides in scaffolds,seed cells and three-dimensional reconstruction recently,and also start to be used in clinical practice.The tissue-engineered cornea with good mechanical property,light transmittance and biocompatibility may serve as an ideal candidate in the treatment of corneal diseases.Amniotic membrane,acellular porcine corneal matrix,collagen,silk fibroin,and chitosan are frequently-used scaffold for cornea tissue engineering.Currently,immortalized and primary cultured corneal cells,embryonic stem cells,and adult stem cells have been reported to be used as seed cells in the construction of tissue-engineered cornea.This chapter reviewed the advances made in tissue-engineered cornea,including scaffolds,seed cells,and three-dimensional reconstruction.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To compare the osteogenic differentiation abilities of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) from different sources, and to provide basis for choosing a new source of seed cells in bone tissue engineering.@*Methods@# Jaw bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (JMMSCs) were isolated from orthognathic surgical sites and cultured by limited dilution for single cell clone. Long bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were obtained from bone marrow of volunteers and isolated by density gradient centrifugation method. Flow cytometry was used to detect the surface markers of both cells. Osteogenic ability was assessed by PCR and Western Blot after osteogenic differentiation for the following molecules: Runx2, COL-1 and OCN. Alizarin red staining was used for determining the ability of cell mineralization after osteogenic differentiation. @*Results @#The expressions of cell surface markers CD90 and CD105 were positive in both type of cells, while CD34, CD14 and CD45 were all negative. After 21 days of osteogenic induction, JMMSCs formed significantly more mineralized nodules than BMMSCs. After 7, 14, 21 days of osteogenic induction, JMMSCs expressed more osteogenic-related molecules than BMMSCs.@*Conclusion@#The osteogenic differentiation capacity and mineralization ability of JMMSCs are significantly higher than BMMSCs. Jaw bone might be a more suitable source of seed cells in bone tissue engineering compared with long bone.
ABSTRACT
The development of tissue engineering has provided new methods for organ replacement and disease treatment.The research of seed cells includes cell selection,culture,transplantation,tracing and so on.The tracing technique of seed cells involves molecular biology,molecular immunology,molecular imaging and many other subjects,making it difficult to select a label for seed cells.This review summarizes the recent research progress in the tracing technique of seed cells.
ABSTRACT
Liver tissue engineering is one of the important subjects in tissue engineering field.The major goal of the research is to treat end-stage liver failure and liver based inborn errors of metabolism.Two strategies are usually employed:seed cell transplantation for liver tissue repair and regeneration of "liver tissue" consisted of an extraeorporeal bioreactor loaded with cenular component.The seed cells is one of the key ingredient of liver tissue engineering,which include adult hepatocytes,various kinds of liver stem cells,and immortalized cell fines,etc.However,to date,there is no optimal cell resource for application.Many problems should be solved before these cells can be widely used in clinic.This review focuses on the research regarding the seed cells and their potential for the application in liver tissue engineering.
ABSTRACT
Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSC) can be easily obtained in large quantities and with minimal discomfort.As seed-cells,ADSCs may be well suited to tissue engineering and regenerative medical applications.This article presents an overview of the isolation,expansion,characterization,differentiation and application prospects of ADSCs,as well as the existing challenges in their studies,in an attempt to promote their clinical applications.