Phylogenetic Status of an Unrecorded Species of Curvularia, C. spicifera, Based on Current Classification System of Curvularia and Bipolaris Group Using Multi Loci

A seed-borne fungus, Curvularia sp. EML-KWD01, was isolated from an indigenous wheat seed by standard blotter method. This fungus was characterized based on the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic status of the fungus was determined using sequences of three loci: rDNA internal transcribed spacer, large ribosomal subunit, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. Multi loci sequencing analysis revealed that this fungus was Curvularia spicifera within Curvularia group 2 of family Pleosporaceae.

Detection of endogenous bacteria of Gardenia seed and comparative study of chemical treatments / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the endophytic fungi in the seeds of Gardenia from different regions, identy the strains carried by the seed surface and interior, and compare the treatment effects of different fungicides, to provide reference for the antibacterial treatment before gardenia seed sowing and fungal disease control. METHODS: Plate method was used for the surface and internal detection of Gardenia seeds from 15 countries in China, method of seed dressing was used for seed treatment and disinfection effects of 6 kinds of fungicides is done. RESULTS: Main flora in surface of the seed are genus Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Rhizopus, Penicillium and Aspergillus are the dominant species.There is no significant difference in this 5 species of the seeds from different places, but significant difference in isolation frequency.Load capacity of the spore range from (6.7±11.5) to (1333.3±230.1) per seed. There is significant difference in spore load from different places.Endophytic fungi inside the seeds are mainly Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus and etc.There is significant difference in seeds of these fungi, it ranges from (1.7±2.9)% to (58.3±17.6)%. Carrier rate and species of fungal among different habitats are significantly different, discrete frequency of Aspergillus is the highest. CONCLUSION: The six antiseptics provided all have kill and inhibition to Gardenia seed fungus in some extent. Bactericidal effects of carbendazim fernasan and carbendazim are the poorest, and fernasan ziram and oxadixyl mancozeb and evil frost are the best, which can achieve above 95.0%. Suggestion is made to choose fernasan ziram and oxadixyl mancozeb as inhibiting fungus agents of Gardenia seed disinfection treatment.

Antifungal activity of some medicinal plants on Soybean seed-borne Macrophomina phaseolina.

Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. seeds, pods and seedlings are susceptible to fungal attack due to its rich nutrient content. The most commonly isolated soybean (JS-335) seed-borne fungi were Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina., Pythium spp., Aspergillus spp., Phoma spp., and Phomopsis spp. Macrophomina phaseolina is an important plant pathogenic fungus that causes charcoal rot of soybean and infects more than 500 hosts. In humid climates, the fungus causes a post emergence damping-off of soybean seedlings leading to 50% of crop losses. The objective of this work was to study the efficacy of the botanicals on soybean seed-borne Macrophomina phaseolina. Among the 10 botanicals screened, Datura metel (L.) methanol leaf extract showed the most promising activity against Macrophomina phaseolina.