ABSTRACT
Head trauma can have immediate transient symptoms, or lead to chronic signs and symptoms. The apparent seriousness of head injury can be misleading. Minor trauma can result in serious problems. In treating traumatic brain injury, viewing images of the brain, particularly injured areas, is crucial for planning treatment. Images of the brain may be obtained through computed tomography (CT) or MRI. These techniques permit imaging of the brain for both diagnosis of injury and choosing therapeutic interventions. Method Fifty patients presented with head injury referred for CT scan and MRI of all the age group were included in the study. Nonenhanced CT scan of brain was performed on a dual slice (multislice) high speed GE machine. A slice thickness of 5 mm was used in all studies. MRI scan of brain was performed on a general electrical permanent 0.2 TESLA Signa Profile-i SR42 machine. Results Most of the patients (52%) were between the age group of 19 and 49 years. Subarachnoid haemorrhage, cranial fractures, cerebral contusion, and diffuse axonal injury were common head injuries. Subdural hematoma was seeen in all cases in FLAIR sequences. Sensitivity of T2WI was less as compared to T1WI and FLAIR sequences. FLAIR is more sensitive than CT in detecting subdural hematoma. FLAIR sequence picked up all subarachnoid haemorrhage cases followed by GRE and T1WI. T2 is not a routine sequence in detecting subarachnoid haemorrhage. MR (FLAIR) is more useful than CT in detecting subarachnoid haemorrhage. Temporal lobe was common site for contusions followed by frontal, parietal, and occipital lobe. Grey-white matter junction was the most common site followed by corpus callosum. MRI is more sensitive than CT in detecting nonhaemorrhagic contusions. FLAIR, T2WI are more sensitive than T1WI and CT in detecting nonhaemorrhagic contusions. Posterior cerebral artery territory infarcts were common. Encephalomalacia and gliosis are more common in frontal lobe followed by temporal lobe. Conclusion FLAIR sequence picked up subarachnoid haemorrhage in all cases followed by GRE and T1WI. MRI was more sensitive in detecting contusions than CT. Grey-white matter junction was the most common site of diffuse axonal injury followed by corpus callosum. Nonhaemorrhagic DAI were common. MRI is more sensitive than CT in detecting haemorrhagic and nonhaemorrhagic DAI. FLAIR, T2WI are more sensitive than T1WI and CT in detecting nonhaemorrhagic contusions. GRE and FLAIR are more sensitive than T1WI and CT in detecting brainstem injuries.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: While parents who foster children with epilepsy would have considerable parenting difficulties, the parenting stress and sense of competence have not been investigated. We investigated maternal parenting stress, parenting satisfaction and sense of parenting competence in children with seizure disorders, and the associations with seizure-related variables. METHODS: Mothers of 79 children with seizure disorders (41 boys, 38 girls; mean age, 9.9+/-2.3 years) and 79 healthy comparison subjects matched for age and sex were recruited for this study. The Korean version of the Parenting Stress Index (K-PSI-SF) and the Parenting Sense of Competence (K-PSOC) were used to assess parenting stress, parenting satisfaction and parenting efficacy. RESULTS: Mothers of children with seizure disorders showed higher scores on stress related to difficult child and child learning and parenting anxiety compared to mothers of healthy children. In addition, scores on stress related to parental-child interaction and child learning were significantly associated with parental economic status. Scores on stress from parental-child interaction was also correlated with seizure severity, and stress from child learning was correlated with seizure type. Sense of parenting competence and anxiety scores were correlated with paternal educational status, respectively. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that mothers of children with epilepsy have greater parenting stress and anxiety and social and seizure-associated factors may affect the parenting stress and anxiety.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Anxiety , Educational Status , Epilepsy , Learning , Mental Competency , Mothers , Parenting , Parents , SeizuresABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and differentiable value of video-electroencephalogram(VEEG)in sleeping-related seizure disorder.Method Sixty-five cases with sleeping-related seizure disorders(35 suspected epilepsy and 30 suspected non-epileptic seizure)enrolled in our clinics from Jan.2005 to Jun.2006 were examined by VEEG and EEG.Results Among 35 children suspected to have the possibility of epilepsy,the epileptic discharge rate examined with VEEG was 62.86%(22/35),which were significantly higher than that by EEG was 17.14%(6/35)(P