ABSTRACT
Objectives: To obtain the variety of Erigeron breviscapus with high yield, high content of active constituents, and stable agronomic characteristics. Methods: The group bulk selection breeding and individual selection breeding methods were applied respectively, and two varieties were evaluated partially by DUS testing and the fingerprint was analysed by AFLP markers. Results: The variety "Airuijie No. 1" had the yield of 3780 kg/hm2, the scutellarin content of 1.84%, and the total caffeic acid esters content of 1.79%; For the other variety "Airuijie No. 17", the yield was 3075 kg/hm2, the content of scutellarin was 1.71%, and the content of total caffeic acid esters was 1.50%. Compared with the wild local E. breviscapus after one-year acclimatization, the two new varieties showed better economic traits with higher uniformity, more stability, and unique AFLP fingerprint. Conclusion: The two varieties of E. breviscapus have high value of application and popularization.
ABSTRACT
Animal models can provide a useful tool for the study of some aspects of psychiatric disorders and their treatment. The four criteria for the evaluation of animal models of psychiatric disorders are as following : 1) similarity of inducing conditions 2) similarity of behavioral state 3) common underlying neurobiological mechanisms 4) reversal by clinically effective treatment techniques. Several animal models have been proposed for schizophrenia : phenylethylamine model, L-dopa model, hallucinogen model. cocaine model, amphetamine model, phencyclidine model, noradrenergic reward system lesion model, reticular stimulation model, social isolation model, conditioned avoidance reaction, catalepsy test, paw test, self-stimulation paradigms, latent inhibition paradigms, blocking paradigms, prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex, rodent interaction, social behavior in monkeys, hippocampal damage, high ambient pressure, and models using selective breeding. Among them, animals with bilateral lesion of the hippocampus may provide an adequate animal model for several symptoms of schizophrenia, and ketamine model can reproduce negative symptoms and cognitive deficits as well as positive symptoms of schizophrenia. In conclusion, no model of schizophrenia is entirely representative of the disease, and findings gleaned from model systems must be cautiously interpreted. Furthermore, the process of developing and validating animal models must work in concert with the process to identify reliable measures of human phenomenology.