Autogerenciamento: Uma interpretação analítico-comportamental / Self-management: An analytical-behavioral Interpretation / Autogestión: una interpretación analítica conductual

Resumo Autogerenciamento é um fenômeno que, apesar de presente em várias dimensões da vida humana, carece ainda de definição precisa. É possível identificar variados conceitos e utilizações do termo em diferentes áreas do conhecimento. O presente estudo objetivou sistematizar o conceito de autogerenciamento a partir de literatura científica de diferentes áreas do conhecimento e, com base nisso, propor uma definição analítico-comportamental do fenômeno. Para isso, foi realizada busca bibliográfica em seis bases de dados, sendo selecionados 31 artigos de diferentes áreas de estudo que continham informações sobre a definição do conceito e comportamentos relacionados a autogerenciamento. Foram excluídos textos referentes a autogerenciamento em nível coletivo, de equipes ou grupos sociais. Nove categorias de definições de conceito e 26 categorias de comportamentos foram identificadas a partir dos estudos analisados. Observou-se que o autogerenciamento é um fenômeno complexo, que envolve uma série de comportamentos como autocontrolar, autoconhecer, autorreforçar e estabelecer objetivos. Caracteriza-se como um processo comportamental no qual o indivíduo manipula as variáveis das quais seu comportamento é função de forma a aumentar a probabilidade de se comportar de maneira a atingir seu comportamento-alvo e obter reforço subsequente. A sistematização do conceito possibilita melhor compreensão do fenômeno para futuras pesquisas em autogerenciamento.

Abstract Self-management is a phenomenon, that despite being involved in various dimensions of human life, is not well defined yet. It is possible to identify different concepts and uses of the term in different areas of knowledge. The present study aimed to systematize the concept of self-management from the scientific literature of different areas of knowledge to propose a behavior analytic definition of the phenomenon. For this purpose, a bibliographic search was carried out in six national and international databases and it was selected 31 articles related to self-management definition in different areas of knowledge. Texts referring to self-management at the collective, team or social group level were excluded. After analyzing the information, nine categories of definitions of concepts and 26 categories of behavior were identified. It was observed that self-management is a complex phenomenon that involves a series of behavioral classes such as self-control, self-knowledge, self-reinforcement, and goal setting. Furthermore, it is a behavioral process in which the individual manipulates the variables of which his behavior is a function to increase the probability of behaving to reach his target behavior and obtain subsequent reinforcement. The systematization of the concept allows a better understanding of the phenomenon for future research on self-management.

Resumen La autogestión es un fenómeno que, aunque está presente en varias dimensiones de la vida humana, aún carece de una definición precisa. Es posible identificar diferentes conceptos y usos del término en diferentes áreas del conocimiento. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo sistematizar el concepto de autogestión basado en la literatura científica de diferentes áreas del conocimiento y, a partir de eso, proponer una definición analítica conductual del fenómeno. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en seis bases de datos, se seleccionaron 31 artículos de diferentes áreas que contenían información sobre la definición del concepto y los comportamientos relacionados con la autogestión. Se excluyeron los textos referentes a la autogestión a nivel colectivo, de equipo o de grupo social. A partir de los artículos analizados se identificaron nueve categorías de definiciones de conceptos y 26 categorías de comportamientos. La autogestión es un fenómeno complejo que involucra una serie de comportamientos como el autocontrol, el autoconocimiento, el refuerzo personal y el establecimiento de objetivos. Se caracteriza por ser un proceso conductual en el que el individuo manipula las variables, de las cuales su comportamiento es una función, para aumentar la probabilidad de lograr el comportamiento deseado y obtener un refuerzo posterior. La sistematización del concepto permite una mejor comprensión del fenómeno para futuras investigaciones sobre autogestión.

On the evaluation and improvement of the amount-based restriction of negotiation in private when resolving medical disputes / 中国卫生政策研究

The amount-based restriction of negotiation in private when resolving medical disputes is quite com-mon in much local legislation.This kind of provision is legitimate in general, because the rights and interests it pro-tects overweigh those it limits, and the measures it takes are proper.However, there are several flaws.Firstly, as a provision which impairs the rights of citizen, the level of legislation and legal effect need to be upgraded.Secondly, the set of the amount of limitation is arbitrary.Thirdly, differential treatment of public and non-public medical insti-tution in the provision cannot be justified;it actually shows confliction between different government functions.Last-ly, blindly limitation of negotiation in private has neglect something important, that is the self-government functions behind autonomous disputes settlement mechanism.Based on these flaws, several improvement suggestions are pro-vided.

Claves psicológicas fundacionales del autogobierno ciudadano: la "psicología del pueblo español" como estudio de caso (1902-1918) / Foundational Psychological Clues of Citizenry Self-Government: the "Psychology of the Spanish People" as a Case Study (1902-1918)

A finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, la configuración psicológica del concepto liberal de autogobierno fue clave para diseñar el sujeto político de la modernidad y la propia idea de "ciudadanía". Nuestro trabajo estudia ese proceso sociohistórico a través de los primeros textos dedicados a la "psicología del pueblo español". Además de confirmar la estrecha relación entre psicología y autogobierno, el análisis revela el papel de la psicología en la transición histórica desde las tradicionales teorías y prácticas de la subjetividad hasta las modernas -particularmente en el dominio educativo y religioso-. Gracias a la psicología, el proyecto liberal también estableció los supuestos límites sociopolíticos para la potencial participación ciudadana de la población española.

At the end of the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th, the psychological configuration of the liberal concept of self-government was basic to design the political subject of the modernity and the very idea of "citizenship". Our paper studies this socio-historical process throughout the first works devoted to the "Psychology of the Spanish People". The analysis not only confirm the close relation between psychology and citizenship, but the role played by the psychology in the transition from the traditional theories and practices of the subjectivity to the modern ones -particularly in the fields of religion and education. The socio-political limits imposed by the liberal program on the potential citizen participation of the Spanish population are also revealed.

Creatividad empresarial y autogobierno: un análisis discursivo / Business Creativity and Self-Government: A Discourse Analysis

Este artículo plantea una reflexión sobre las características de un perfil de trabajador creativo que, al estar ligado a la capacidad de autorrealización y autogobierno, se encuentra atravesado por significativas paradojas o tensiones discursivas. Para este fin, se han analizado una serie discursos presentes en manuales sobre desarrollo de creatividad empresarial, centrándose en el nivel textual-representacional del modelo tridimensional del análisis crítico del discurso de Norman Fairclough. La investigación indaga sobre la manera como se legitiman, desde discursos psicológico-organizacionales, formas de ser y estar en el mundo del trabajo, que suponen una experiencia de crecimiento identitario, mientras omiten fines productivos y posibles exclusiones entre las personas.

This paper analyses the main features of a creative worker profile that, in order to attain self-actualization and self-government, is crossed by paradoxes or discursive tensions. This investigation is based on the three-dimensional model in Critical Discourse Analysis by Norman Fairclough and particularly on textual-representational analyses level. This research analyses the discourses found in manuals on the development of business creativity in order to figure out how psychological-organizational discourses legitimize the way people behave in the working environment. Business creativity discourses are supposed to bring identity growth while pursuing productive goals and omitting the exclusions among people.

Racionalidad, libertad y determinación general de la voluntad: [revisión] / Rationality, freedom and general determination of the will: [review]

Ningún concepto ha sido más importante en el desarrollo de la bioética que la noción de autonomía. Este ensayo expone brevemente una arista de la concepción kantiana de la autonomía. El artículo examina la relación entre autodeterminación, libertad y proposiciones que contienen una determinación general y objetiva de la voluntad, toda vez que el supremo principio de la moralidad (autonomía o autolegislación) debe poder figurar directamente en las deliberaciones prácticas del sujeto agente. En este sentido, este ensayo propone discutir una aparente relación entre autonomía y arbitrariedad normativa.

No single concept has been more important in the development of bioethics than the concept of autonomy. This paper explains briefly oneside of the Kantian conception of autonomy. The article examines the relation between autonomy, freedom and propositions that contain a general and objective determination of the will, because the supreme principle of morality (the autonomy or self-government) must be able to figure directly in the agent’s practical deliberations. In this way, the paper proposes to discuss the apparent relation between autonomy and arbitrariness.

Study and Exploration on the Integrated Factors Affecting the Modern University System / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper discusses that the focus of establishing the modern university system is to put into effect the university self-government,the academic freedom and the university administering by professor.Besides,setting up the modern university system also requires to built up the correct concept of talents,development,quality and mode,and to cultivate the university spirit and the university culture with feature.

Liberalismo: o direito e o avesso / Liberalism inside-outLibéralisme: l'endroit et l'envers

Liberalism, as manifested in self-defined liberal writings, has two sides: one, its true side, comprised of a whole body of systematically integrated proposals; the other, a patchwork quilt, an illusionist version, manipulated for political and ideological purposes. By means of a critique of eclecticism, the article aims to provide room for acknowledging non-autocratic concepts that are treated as if they were autocratic simply because they are non-liberal or anti-liberal.

Le libéralisme, tel qu'on le trouve dans les textes de ceux qui se déclarent libéraux, présente deux faces: l'une, la vraie, est formée d'un corps entier de propositions systématiquement intégrées; l'autre, un habit d'Arlequin, est sa version trompeuse, manipulée à des fins idéologiques. Au moyen d'une critique de l'éclectisme, on cherche dans cet article à reconnaître des conceptions non autocratiques qui sont traitées comme si elles étaient autocratiques du fait d'être non libérales ou antilibérales.