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1.
Rev. cuba. inform. méd ; 15(2)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536285

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los avances actuales en el campo de las TICs han permitido un importante impulso en el desarrollo de sistemas que traducen texto plano en español en pictogramas. Sin embargo, las soluciones actuales no pueden ser comprendidas por una persona con dificultades del lenguaje en Cuba, debido a que algunas terminologías no están presentes en el lenguaje cotidiano. Objetivo: Desarrollar el modelo Pictobana para el análisis semántico de un Pictotraductor que integre la semántica del lenguaje cubano. Métodos: El modelo fue desarrollado aplicando técnicas de procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Se realiza un análisis lingüístico con el objetivo de proporcionar las mejores representaciones posibles de los textos en pictogramas. Resultados: El modelo es implementado en una aplicación web que proporciona una herramienta que ayuda a promover las competencias y habilidades de comunicación a personas con dificultades del habla en Cuba y a sus familiares. Conclusiones: Las pruebas realizadas mediante experimentos y criterio de expertos, demuestran que el analizador desarrollado, aumenta la ajustabilidad de los pictogramas al contexto y a la semántica, aminorando la incoherencia y la ambigüedad semántica del futuro sistema.


Introduction: Current advances in the field of ICTs have allowed an important boost in the development of systems that allow translating plain text in Spanish into pictograms. However, the current solutions cannot be understood by a person with language difficulties in Cuba because some terminologies are not present in everyday language. Objective: To develop the Pictobana model for the semantic analysis of a Pictotranslator that integrates the semantics of the Cuban language. Methods: The model was developed by applying natural language processing techniques. A linguistic analysis was carried out with the aim of providing the best possible representations of the texts in pictograms. Results: The model is implemented in a web application that provides a tool that helps promote communication skills and abilities for people with speech difficulties and their families in Cuba. Conclusions: The tests carried out through experiments and expert criteria show that the developed analyzer increases the adjustability of the pictograms to the context and the semantics, reducing the incoherence and semantic ambiguity of the future system.

2.
RECIIS (Online) ; 17(3): 633-649, jul.-set. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1517704

ABSTRACT

O uso da Tecnologia da Informação está presente nos mais diversos domínios, inclusive no da saúde, ao utilizar várias metodologias e ferramentas computacionais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o modelo conceitual baseado em ontologia sobre o domínio HIV/aids denominado OntoHI. No processo para desenvol-ver a OntoHI adotam-se a metodologia SABiO e a ontologia de fundamentação UFO, além do conhecimento de especialistas da área da saúde, o que garante a representação da realidade. Artefatos da ontologia aqui apresentados: representação gráfica, glossário de termos, questões de competência. O controle de qualidade se dá através dos processos de validação e verificação das questões de competências. A OntoHI possibilita a integração com representações de outros domínios. Pode ser utilizado como artefato para a construção de ferramentas computacionais, principalmente sistemas de informações e aplicativos móveis para acompanhar o tratamento de pacientes, além de poder ser expandida para se adaptar a novas situações


The use of Information Technology is present in the most diverse domains, including health care, using various methodologies and computational tools. The goal of this work is to present an ontology-driven con-ceptual model on the HIV/AIDS domain called OntoHI. In the process of developing OntoHI, the SABiO methodology and the UFO foundational ontology are adopted, in addition to the specialist's knowledge in the field of health care, which guarantees a consistent representation of reality. Ontology artifacts that are presented here: graphical representation, glossary of terms, validation of competence questions. Quality control happens in the process of validation and verification of competency questions. OntoHI enables in-tegration with representations from other domains. It can be used as an artifact for building computational tools, mainly information systems and mobile applications to monitor patient treatment, in addition to being able to be expanded to adapt to new situations


El uso de las Tecnologías de la Información ocurre en los más diversos dominios, incluido el de la salud, uti-lizando diversas metodologías y herramientas computacionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el modelo conceptual basado en ontologías sobre el dominio del VIH/sida denominado OntoHI. En el proceso de desarrollo de OntoHI se adoptan la metodología SABiO y la ontología de fundamentos OVNI, además del conocimiento de especialistas en el campo de la salud, lo que garantiza la representación de la realidad. Artefactos ontológicos presentados: representación gráfica, glosario, temas competenciales. El control de calidad se lleva a cabo a través del proceso de validación y verificación de problemas de competencia. Onto-HI permite la integración con representaciones de otros dominios. Puede usarse como artefacto para cons-truir herramientas computacionales, principalmente sistemas de información y aplicaciones móviles para monitorear el tratamiento del paciente, además de poder expandirse para adaptarse a nuevas situaciones


Subject(s)
Humans , Computer Simulation , HIV , Information Technology , Therapeutics , Biological Ontologies , Mobile Applications
3.
Interdisciplinaria ; 40(2): 117-131, ago. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448485

ABSTRACT

Resumen El estudio se cuestiona sobre un abordaje fructífero en el estudio de los efectos de la modalidad lingüística (de señas versus oral) en la organización de la memoria semántica. Para responder la pregunta de investigación, un aspecto central es definir criterios y procedimientos capaces de distinguir entre los factores transportados por la modalidad lingüística de los que le son propios. Entre los primeros, se encuentran la edad de exposición a la lengua natural y su distribución funcional, etaria o geográfica. Entre los aspectos propios de la modalidad se incluyen la iconicidad y el grado de concreción/abstracción de las piezas léxicas. Se sugiere centrarse en el uso de dicho gradiente para evocar dominios conceptuales. Si lo concreto/abstracto es un continuo, entonces hay que preguntarse qué forma de organización es predominante en el léxico mental de las poblaciones señantes u oyentes y qué factores modulan el perfil de esa organización.


Abstract The efforts to understand the relationship of the meaning of a lexical piece to the object to which it refers, the relationship between the lexical pieces and the concepts, and the understanding of the meanings shared between two speakers who use the same lexical pieces have all constituted major problems for the semantic memory models. According to contemporary literature, perceptual-motor, linguistic, and social information have different weights in the formation of concepts, whether concrete or abstract, stored in the aforementioned memory. Regardless of the models developed so far, it is interesting to note that semantic knowledge is represented by various ways of relating the concepts and the types of relationships between them. In this context, studies in sign languages and comparative studies between spoken and sign languages are scarce. Thus, little is known about the effect of linguistic modality on the semantic networks. After all, the theory on semantic networks and norms for the production of features has been grounded on theories of language and its processing adjusted to spoken languages. As the incorporation of the sign language and the Deaf population has shown in other psycholinguistic and linguistic topics, the importance of including these languages and populations, and comparatives with spoken languages, might increase the explanatory power of the theory to account for the universal and contextual aspects of language and its processing. In this effort, there is a latent risk: the linguistic modality can be only a vehicle for more well-known or studied cross-modal variables (e. g., age of acquisition, functional distribution of language, size of the available lexicon, etc.). If it is considered that languages are not stored together, but similar processes can occur in them, it is essential to find out what may be a singular feature of each modality (spoken versus sign) that might ground differentiated processes. Considering the high iconicity of the sign languages and the possibility of a high concreteness of the lexical pieces in the sign language as distinctive features -not collapsible into well-known variables such as the aforementioned-, this article suggests a careful approach to avoid the aforementioned risk in the study of the effects of the linguistic modality (sign versus oral) in the organization of semantic memory. Since perceptual-motor and social information are the main sources of iconicity, a balanced instrument is necessary in the evocation of perceptual-motor, social, and linguistic information. Repeated free word association tasks seem like an appropriate paradigm for a suggested approach. The reasons for this are that, by not censoring the types of response, then free association tasks allow capturing all kinds of concepts (concrete or abstract), all kinds of semantic relationships/organization (paradigmatic versus thematic) and all kinds of processes (comparison versus interaction). This type of task therefore makes it possible to collect meanings related to linguistic information and non-linguistic experience because affective and experiential information is accessible by doing the task in different repetitions. The approach and the tool are exemplified by an ongoing comparative study between Deaf signing and hearing populations. The partial findings of this study also serve to focus on the expected effects of the difference in iconicity and the level of concreteness/abstractness of the lexical pieces of each linguistic modality; namely, the differences between an abstract and a concrete conceptualization of the conceptual domains. Taxonomic and introspective labels might appear as indicative of paradigmatic relationships, of a taxonomic organization, and of underlying comparison processes. On the other hand, the situational and entity labels, indicative of syntagmatic relationships, of a thematic organization and of underlying interaction processes, might suggest a predominantly concrete organization.

4.
Rev. Headache Med. (Online) ; 14(4): 189-192, 30/12/2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1531316

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Headache is as old as the emergence of man on earth. A classification for headaches has been suggested for many centuries. After the invention of writing, numerous words were created to designate different types of headache. Objective: The objective of this review was to discuss the historical and etymological aspects of the terms "migrânea" and "enxaqueca". Methods: This study was an integrative review using articles with historical data on the etymology of the terms "migrânea" and "enxaqueca" and their evolution over the years. Results: The terms "migrânea" and "enxaqueca" have Greek and Arabic origins, respectively. Both describe a neurological syndrome characterized by headache and other associated symptoms. Usually, sufferers of this disease are more familiar with the term "enxaqueca" and confuse it with headache, while health professionals prefer the term "migrânea". Conclusions: After so many years that the term "migrânea" has been used, it would be a step backwards to use the term "enxaqueca" again, especially because "migrânea" has been adopted by young neurologists, including those from other specialties.


Introdução:A dor de cabeça é tão antiga quanto o surgimento do homem na terra. Uma classificação para dores de cabeça tem sido sugerida há muitos séculos. Após a invenção da escrita, inúmeras palavras foram criadas para designar diferentes tipos de dor de cabeça. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão foi discutir os aspectos históricos e etimológicos dos termos "migranânea" e "enxaqueca". Métodos: Este estudo foi uma revisão integrativa utilizando artigos com dados históricos sobre a etimologia dos termos "migranânea" e "enxaqueca" e sua evolução ao longo dos anos. Resultados: Os termos "migranânea" e "enxaqueca" têm origem grega e árabe, respectivamente. Ambos descrevem uma síndrome neurológica caracterizada por dor de cabeça e outros sintomas associados. Normalmente, quem sofre desta doença conhece mais o termo "enxaqueca" e confunde-o com dor de cabeça, enquanto os profissionais de saúde preferem o termo "migranânea". Conclusões: Depois de tantos anos de uso do termo "migranânea", seria um retrocesso usar novamente o termo "enxaqueca", até porque "migranânea" tem sido adotada por jovens neurologistas, inclusive de outras especialidades.

5.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 28: e2823, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527926

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo mapear as publicações que abordam a relação entre habilidade lexical e gagueira em crianças na faixa etária dos 2 anos aos 9 anos. Estratégia de pesquisa busca nas bases de dados Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase. Critérios de seleção estudos clínicos comparativos, longitudinais ou caso-controle, que incluíam análise do vocabulário expressivo e receptivo de crianças com gagueira na faixa etária de 2 a 9 anos. Análise dos dados: após a busca inicial com 426 artigos, 42 foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra, dos quais, 16 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Resultados a maior parte dos registros analisados referiu haver relação entre desenvolvimento ou desempenho lexical e gagueira em crianças. No entanto não houve consenso sobre a relação entre maior ou menor desenvolvimento lexical. Conclusão o mapeamento dos estudos incluídos indicou que não há evidências suficientes que relacionem gagueira e desenvolvimento lexical.


ABSTRACT Purpose to search and analyze publications that address the relationship between lexical ability and stuttering in children aged 2 to 9 years old. Research strategy search in Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE databases. Selection criteria comparative, longitudinal or case-control clinical studies that included analysis of the expressive and receptive vocabulary of children with stuttering aged between 2 and 9 years. Results most of the analyzed studies report a relationship between lexical development or performance and stuttering in children, however there is no consense about the relationship between greater or lesser lexical development. Conclusion there is not enough evidence to relate stuttering and lexical development. More studies are needed in order to understand the relationship between lexical performance and stuttering in children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Speech Disorders , Stuttering , Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder , Language Tests
6.
CoDAS ; 35(4): e20220067, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514001

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Propósito Elaborar y validar una tarea experimental de memoria episódica verbal en español. Método Se elaboraron seis bloques de codificación: tres profundos y tres superficiales, cado uno con distintas demandas de esfuerzo cognitivo. Los bloques fueron revisados por cuatro jueces expertos y examinados en una aplicación piloto. Se evaluó la concordancia respecto a si la tarea permitía manipular combinadamente el nivel de procesamiento y el esfuerzo cognitivo durante la codificación incidental de palabras, así como la claridad de las instrucciones, ejemplos y dinámica de trabajo. Resultados Variables como la disponibilidad léxica, metría y fuerza de asociación fueron útiles para diferenciar el esfuerzo cognitivo entre cada bloque. Los jueces concordaron que los bloques de procesamiento admiten una manipulación combinada del nivel de procesamiento y esfuerzo cognitivo y que las instrucciones son precisas. Luego del pilotaje, los participantes concordaron que las instrucciones, ejemplos y forma de trabajo eran fácil de comprender y realizar. Conclusión Los resultados proporcionan evidencia de validez relacionada con el contenido para la tarea experimental propuesta, transformándose con ello en una alternativa viable de considerar en investigaciones orientadas a identificar factores ambientales que contribuyan a compensar los defectos que muestra la memoria episódica con la edad.


ABSTRACT Purpose To develop and validate an experimental verbal episodic memory task in Spanish. Methods Six encoding blocks were elaborated, three deep and three superficial, each one with different demands of cognitive effort. The blocks were reviewed by four expert judges and tested in a pilot application. The agreement was assessed on whether the task allowed combined processing level and cognitive effort to be manipulated during incidental encoding of words, as well as clarity of instructions, examples, and workflow. Results Variables such as lexical availability, metrics, and strength of association were useful to differentiate the cognitive effort between each block. The judges agreed that the processing blocks allowed a combined manipulation of the level of processing and cognitive effort and that the instructions are precise. After the pilot, the participants agreed that the instructions, examples, and way of working were easy to understand and perform. Conclusion The results provide evidence of validity related to the content for the proposed experimental task, thus becoming a viable alternative to consider in research aimed at identifying environmental factors that contribute to compensating the defects shown by episodic memory with age.

7.
Interdisciplinaria ; 39(3): 185-203, oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430576

ABSTRACT

Resumen Aunque las emociones básicas son consideradas universales, su significado varía según las culturas y los grupos sociales. En el marco de la construcción social de los significados, aquí se analizan y comparan las representaciones semánticas de seis emociones básicas (alegría, tristeza, enojo, miedo, sorpresa, asco) activadas por 78 niños (9 a 11 años) y 78 adultos (20 a 40 años). En base a una tarea de producción de atributos semánticos, se construyó la representación semántica asociada a cada emoción para cada rango etario. Luego, utilizando la metodología provista por el análisis de redes sociales (ARS), se analizó la calidad intrínseca y las diferencias en cantidad y tipos de atributos, estructura de las redes, densidad y nivel de entropía, y el uso de la definición por negación. Los resultados indicaron que los mapas semánticos de niños y mayores demuestran que los adultos producen mayor cantidad y diversidad de atributos que los niños, pero que ambas poblaciones comparten el núcleo del significado de los conceptos evaluados. Asimismo, muestra que la escolarización conduce a la generación de más atributos taxonómicos, que en los niños prevalecen los atributos introspectivos, que la densidad y la entropía revelan cómo los conceptos se vinculan entre sí diferencialmente en ambas poblaciones y finalmente que, frente a la dificultad para encontrar definidoras de pertenencia a una clase, los niños recurren a operaciones de contraste categorial. Entre las redes semánticas de adultos y de niños se encuentran continuidades y divergencias. En ambos grupos se encuentran separadas las emociones positivas de las negativas, lo cual es consistente con las teorías que sostienen la importancia de la valencia hedónica en la comprensión de las emociones.


Abstract Although basic emotions are considered universal, their representation, associations and meaning vary among cultures and social groups. Within the framework of the socio-constructivist theory, where the meanings develop in the social context, this paper analyzes and compares the semantic representations of six basic emotions (Joy, Sadness, Anger, Fear, Surprise and Disgust), evoked by 78 children between 9 and 11 years old and 78 adults between 20 and 40 years old. Participants had to list a series of properties/features for each concept in a Property Listing Task (PLT). With the lists produced by the participants, their frequencies and other statistical properties were calculated, and the matrix of distances between concepts was obtained from the vectors defined by each of them. Thus, using the six aforementioned emotions as stimuli, the semantic representation associated with each emotion was elaborated for each age range. Once these were obtained, an analysis was carried out to evaluate the intrinsic quality and the differences in: (1) quantity and types of features produced; (2) structure of each of the semantic networks obtained, both by means of quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) and hierarchical clustering algorithms; (3) network density (that describes the portion of the potential connections in a network that are actual connections) and entropy level (that describe the level of randomness and the amount of information encoded in a network); (4) comparative use of definition by negation; (5) qualitative analysis of the features associated with each emotional concept. To carry out the bulk of these activities and analysis, we used the tools and procedures provided by Social Network Analysis (SNA). As a result: (1) regarding the number of features, adults produced significantly more associations. A chi-square analysis found significant differences between groups in the type of features evoked, with a primacy of taxonomic for adults and introspective for children; (2) the quadratic assignment procedure found a significant level of association of .59 between the two age groups. The groupings performed at the lowest level of demand for linkage between cluster members distinguish positive emotions from negative ones; higher levels of demand begin to disaggregate the groupings: first fear and sadness are separated, then anger, then the dyad constituted by both versions of disgust. The emotion of greater commonality between children and adults is joy; (3) the density of the total network is higher in children than in adults, and the concepts of joy, disgust and sadness present a lower entropy in children than in adults; (4) Children produce considerably more definitions by the negative than adults; (5) the most similar emotion between both groups is joy and the most dissimilar is disgust. In children, disgust responds to gustatory stimuli, in adults it is used with social metaphorical value. The results obtained show the semantic representation of basic emotions in children and adults, finding both continuities (e. g. joy) and divergences (e. g. disgust) associated with the context and life experience. In both age groups, positive and negative emotions are found to be separated, which is consistent with theories on the importance of hedonic valence in the understanding of emotions. There are also differences in categorization, either more thematically or taxonomically oriented.

8.
Interdisciplinaria ; 39(1): 163-178, jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360486

ABSTRACT

Resumen Frente al dominio del neoliberalismo en las sociedades contemporáneas, las posibilidades de consumo resultan abrumadoras, en tanto mecanismo de configuración identitaria y evidencia de nuevas formas de inclusión/exclusión de los sujetos respecto de los grupos sociales. Esta investigación aborda un segmento de la sociedad chilena que no escapa de esta lógica: los hombres jóvenes. Los jóvenes, en general, constituyen un segmento propenso al riesgo financiero, con altos niveles de endeudamiento, al menos en la sociedad chilena. En este escenario, el artículo explora los significados de consumo que construyen hombres universitarios de pregrado, de tres áreas de formación profesional de una universidad de la Región de La Araucanía (Chile). Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa, aplicando la técnica de redes semánticas naturales. La muestra estuvo conformada por estudiantes de las áreas de las Ciencias Sociales, Ciencias de la Salud y Ciencias de la Ingeniería, de edades entre 18 y 24 años, con un total de 51 sujetos. Los resultados indican una red semántica general abundante, cuyo núcleo está representado por la palabra "alimentarse", seguido por significados asociados a dinero, comprar y necesidad, que dan cuenta de la dimensión material del consumo. Son relevantes, además, los conceptos asociados a drogas y alcohol. A propósito de los hallazgos, se sugiere explorar la relación de la alimentación con el cuerpo masculino, así como la posesión de bienes materiales y las orientaciones al éxito en los hombres jóvenes, sobre todo en lo referente al proceso de construcción de masculinidades juveniles.


Abstract In the face of the dominance of neoliberalism in Western societies the possibilities of consumption are overwhelming. This type of societies are associated with a consumerist culture and lifestyle, where the capacity of consumption is the fundamental criterion of inclusion/exclusion of the subjects. Consumption intervenes significantly in the construction of people's personal and social identity. The desires and longings generated by the consumer society are related to the acquisition of lifestyles. In this sense, subjects give meaning to objects and experiences. The interest of this research is in young people. Young people represent a segment of interest for the economic market; therefore, they constitute a group that is financially in risk. The high levels of indebtedness of the youth population in Chile must be considered. Specifically, men handle money from a young age and carry out certain paid activities, especially in popular sectors. Men are projected as active consumers in the economic market, an area where the traditional gender division has diminished, directing men to production and women to consumption. On the other hand, empirical evidence shows the association between masculinities and material possessions, money and orientation to success. It is also possible to mention a relative scarcity of studies linking men and consumption in Latin America. In this context, the present article explores the meaning of consumption as constructed by university men in three areas of professional training, who are pursuing undergraduate careers, in the Araucanía Region. A qualitative methodology is used to achieve the research objective, applying the technique of natural semantic networks. A case study is carried out. The sample was conformed by students of Social Sciences (18 subjects), Health Sciences (15 subjects) and Engineering Sciences (18 subjects), aged between 18 and 24 years old, with a total of 51 subjects. All students are from a private university in the Araucanía Region, Chile.

9.
Diversitas perspectiv. psicol ; 18(1): 183-194, ene.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421366

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los niños diagnosticados con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) experimentan múltiples dificultades durante el aprendizaje de la lectura, en especial con los componentes del lenguaje que permiten un buen desarrollo del proceso lector. En este sentido, el interés de este trabajo fue evaluar la sintaxis y la semántica como componentes del lenguaje fundamentales para la comprensión lectora. Se aplicó la batería PROLEC-R a 37 niños (entre 6 - 13 años) diagnosticados con TDAH y se analizaron los índices principales junto a los baremos para determinar en qué componente lingüístico se ubica la mayor complejidad. Los resultados sugieren que los niños tienen mayores dificultades en lo sintáctico, referido a estructurar oraciones y aplicar los signos de puntuación. Por lo tanto, si se refuerza el componente sintáctico los niños con TDAH, podrían mejorar en la comprensión lectora.


Abstract Children diagnosed with ADHD experience multiple difficulties in learning to read, especially with the language components that allow a good development of the reading process. In this sense, the interest of this work was to evaluate syntax and semantics as fundamental components of language for reading comprehension. The PROLEC-R battery was applied to 37 children between 6 and 13 years old diagnosed with ADHD, and the main indexes were analyzed together with the scales to determine in which linguistic component was the greater complexity located. The results suggest that children in the sample have greater difficulties in syntax, referring to sentence structure and punctuation. Therefore, if the syntactic component is reinforced, children with ADHD could probably improve their reading comprehension.

10.
RECIIS (Online) ; 16(1): 86-103, jan.-mar. 2022. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1366545

ABSTRACT

Este artigo busca representar as relações entre termos de maior relevância nas pesquisas indexadas na Web of Science sobre o novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), de dezembro de 2019 a maio de 2020. Caracterizada como pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, o método de investigação e os procedimentos técnicos adotados são fundamentados na teoria do conceito, de Ingetraut Dahlberg, para a análise conceitual, e na abordagem de análise de redes sociais e complexas para análise estrutural da rede semântica de títulos de artigos criada. Os resultados apontaram uma rede de estrutura topológica caracterizada como mundo pequeno, com uma certa quantidade de conexões similares. O termo 'covid-19' apresenta transitividade alta em grupos fortemente conectados, os quais compreendem termos de domínios do conhecimento distintos e, por vezes, pouco relacionados no contexto disciplinar da ciência. A relação conceitual entre os termos é funcional. Concluiu-se que a interconexão entre termos de diferentes domínios do conhecimento forma grupos de termos emergentes, potencializando a urgência de pesquisas interdisciplinares para a compreensão do termo em destaque neste trabalho ­ 'covid-19'.


This article seeks to represent the relationships between the most relevant terms of the researches about the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) indexed in the Web of Science from 2019 December to 2020 May. Characterized as an exploratory and descriptive research, the investigation method and technical procedures are based on the Concept Theory, by Ingetraut Dahlberg, for the conceptual analysis, and on the Social Network Analysis approach as well as on complex networks, for the structural analysis of the semantic network created from article titles. The results showed a network with a topological structure characterized as a small world, with some similar connections. The term 'covid-19' presents high transitivity in strongly connected groups, which comprise terms from different domains of knowledge and, sometimes, little related in the disciplinary context of the science. The conceptual relationship between the terms is functional. It was concluded that the interconnection between terms from different domains of knowledge generates groups of emerging terms, enhancing the urgency of interdisciplinary researches to understand the term that in this work is in focus ­ 'covid-19'.


Este artículo busca representar las relaciones entre los términos más relevantes en las investigaciones sobre el nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) indexadas en la Web of Science desde diciembre de 2019 hasta mayo de 2020. Caracterizada como una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva, el método de investigación y los procedimientos técnicos practicados se basan en la teoría del concepto, de Ingetraut Dahlberg, para el análisis conceptual, y en el enfoque de análisis de redes sociales y de redes complejas, para el análisis estructural de la red semántica de títulos de artículos creada. Los resultados mostraron una red con una estructura topológica caracterizada como un mundo pequeño, con algunas conexiones similares. El término 'covid-19' presenta una alta transitividad en grupos fuertemente conectados, que comprenden términos de diferentes dominios del conocimiento y, en ocasiones, poco relacionados en el contexto disciplinario de la ciencia. La relación entre los términos es funcional. Se concluyó que la interconexión entre términos de diferentes dominios del conocimiento forma grupos de términos emergentes, lo que aumenta la urgencia de investigaciones interdisciplinarias para comprender el término destacado en este trabajo: 'covid-19'.


Subject(s)
Humans , Access to Information , Scientific and Technical Activities , Semantic Web , COVID-19 , Journal Article , Information Management , Information Dissemination , Use of Scientific Information for Health Decision Making
11.
RECIIS (Online) ; 16(1): 104-119, jan.-mar. 2022. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1366548

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo busca analisar postagens na rede social digital Twitter que contêm os termos 'HIV/aids' e 'covid-19' publicadas em abril de 2021, quando o Ministério da Saúde amplia a vacinação contra a covid-19 para pessoas com HIV/aids. Nosso objetivo foi o de comparar os dois acontecimentos epidemiológicos do país, evidenciar paralelos, subjetividades e lições a partir do corpus. Para tanto, optamos por um método quantiqualitativo de análise de redes semânticas baseada na coleta de conteúdos digitais, identificandose os pares ou o conjunto de palavras que mais se conectam, formando redes de significações análogas, denominadas clusters. Como resultado, identificamos a polarização político-partidária dos comentários sobre covid-19 e HIV/aids no Twitter, a reemergência dos estigmas associados a grupos específicos, como de homossexuais e asiáticos, o espalhamento em larga escala de desinformação sobre as duas doenças, revelando um campo de tensões e de disputas narrativas e midiáticas como ferramenta 'necropolítica'.


This article seeks to analyze posts on the digital social network Twitter containing the terms 'HIV/aids' and 'covid-19' published in April 2021, when the Ministry of Health expands vaccination against covid-19 for people with HIV/aids. Our objective was to compare the two epidemiological events in the country, highlighting parallels, subjectivities and lessons from the corpus. In order to do that, we chose a quanti-qualitative method of analysis of semantic networks based on the collection of digital content, identifying the pairs or sets of words that most connect, forming networks of analogous meanings, called clusters. As a result, we identified the political-partisan polarization of comments on covid-19 and HIV/aids on Twitter, the re-emergence of stigmas associated with specific groups, such as homosexuals and Asians, the largescale spread of misinformation about the two diseases, revealing a field of tensions and narrative and media disputes as a 'necropolitical' tool.


Este artículo busca analizar publicaciones em la red social digital Twitter que contienen los términos 'VIH/sida' y 'covid-19' publicados en abril de 2021, cuando el Ministerio de Salud amplía la vacunación contra covid-19 para personas con VIH/sida. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar los dos eventos epidemiológicos en el país, destacando paralelos, subjetividades y lecciones del corpus. Por ello, optamos por un método cuanticualitativo de análisis de redes semánticas basado en la recolección de contenido digital, identificando los pares o conjuntos de palabras que más conectan, formando redes de significados análogos, llamados clusters. Como resultado, identificamos la polarización político-partidista de los comentarios sobre el covid-19 y el VIH/sida en Twitter, el resurgimiento de estigmas asociados con grupos específicos, como los homosexuales y los asiáticos, la difusión a gran escala de información errónea sobre las dos enfermedades, revelando un campo de tensiones y disputas narrativas y mediáticas como herramienta 'necropolítica'.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV , Communication , Social Media , Semantic Web , COVID-19/immunology , Vaccination , Access to Information , Social Discrimination
12.
Rev. latinoam. cienc. soc. niñez juv ; 19(3): 276-296, sep.-dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357368

ABSTRACT

Resumen (analítico) El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar las características que las profesoras de preescolar reconocían en las niñas y los niños con aptitudes sobresalientes. Es una investigación cuantitativa, transversal y exploratoria. Participaron 58 profesoras de preescolar. Se empleó la técnica de redes semánticas naturales modificadas a través de cuatro preguntas estímulo: qué características tienen los niños con aptitud sobresaliente en el área cognitiva, en el área crea-tiva, en el área psicomotriz y área socioemocional. Los resultados mostraron que las profesoras lograron reconocer algunos rasgos de los niños sobresalientes que coinciden con lo reportado en la litera-tura, lo que sugiere que ellas pueden ser un elemento clave en la detección de la población si se les proporcionan los instrumentos apropiados con las características del alumnado sobresaliente.


Abstract (analytical) This study had the objective of identifying characteristics that preschool teachers recognize in gifted boys and girls through a quantitative, cross-sectional and exploratory investigation. A total of 58 preschool teachers participated in the research. A modified natural semantic networks technique was used by asking four stimulus questions: What characteristics do gifted children have in the cognitive area?; in the creative area?; in the psychomotor area; and in the socio-emotional area. The results showed that the teachers were able to recognize some characteristics of gifted children that coincide with what is reported in scientific literature. This suggests that they may be a key element in detec-ting the population of gifted children if they are provided with the appropriate instruments outlining the characteristics of outstanding students.


Resumo (analítico) O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar ases características que professores de pré-escola reconhecem em meninos e meninas com habilidades destacadas. É uma investigação quantitativa, transversal e exploratória. Participaram 58 professores de pré-escola, foi utilizada a técnica de redes semânticas naturais modificadas por meio de quatro questões-estímulo: Quais são as características das crianças com aptidão destacada na área cognitiva, na área criativa, na área psicomotora e na área socioemocional. Os resultados mostraram que os professores conseguiram reconhecer algumas características das crianças destacadas que coincidem com o que foi relatado na literatura, o que sugere que podem ser um elemento fundamental no detecção da população se lhes forem fornecidos os instrumentos adequados com as características dos alunos destacados.


Subject(s)
Research , Child, Gifted , Faculty , Aptitude
13.
Suma psicol ; 28(1): 43-51, Jan.-June 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1280694

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Multisensory audiovisual semantic congruency is the process by which visual information is perceived as integrated to auditory stimuli, because both coincide in terms of simultaneity and semantic correspondence. This study was aimed at establishing whether visual percepts, which semantically correspond to auditory stimuli, are associated with ocular fixations in modulating bottom-up areas while keeping a body posture alignment between the up-direction and the idiotropic axes, as well as in another orientation corresponding to a vectorial opposition between the up-direction and the head idiotropic axis. Method: Two groups (one for each position) were selected from a sample of 88 people. A bistable image was presented on a screen of a fixed 120 Hz eye-tracker device, providing background auditory stimuli so as to establish semantic congruencies and their relations to ocular fixations. Results: It was found that audiovisual semantic congruency is associated with fixations when idiotropic vectors are aligned with the up direction. Fixations manifested in bottom-up modulating areas are not associated with multisensory audiovisual semantic congruency when the head idiotropic vector is parallel with the gravity vector. Eye fixations decrease significantly if the head idiotropic axis is aligned with the gravity vector. Conclusion: It is concluded that body position can affect visual perceptual processes involved in the occurrence of semantic congruency.


Resumen Introducción: La congruencia semántica audiovisual es el proceso por el cual información de una modalidad sensorial visual se percibe como integrada a estímulos auditivos, porque coinciden en términos de simultaneidad y correspondencia semántica. Este estudio tuvo por objeto establecer si los perceptos visuales que se corresponden semánticamente a estímulos auditivos están asociados con las fijaciones oculares realizadas en áreas de modulación bottom-up, tanto en una postura corporal definida por la alineación entre la dirección vertical hacia arriba y los ejes vectoriales idiotrópicos, como en otra orientación definida por una oposición vectorial entre la vertical hacia arriba y el eje idiotrópico de la cabeza. Método: Dos grupos fueron seleccionados (uno por cada posición), tomados de una muestra de 88 personas. Los datos se obtuvieron por medio de un dispositivo fijo de registro de movimientos oculares de 120 Hz. Una imagen biestable se presentó, proporcionando estímulos auditivos de fondo para producir congruencias semánticas y establecer su relación con las fijaciones oculares. Resultados: Se encontró que la congruencia semántica audiovisual está asociada con áreas de fijación ocular cuando los vectores idiotrópicos están alineados con la dirección vertical ascendente. Las fijaciones oculares en áreas de modulación bottom-up no están asociadas con la congruencia semántica audiovisual cuando el vector idiotrópico de la cabeza está alineado con el vector gravitacional. En esta última posición, la cantidad de fijaciones oculares es significativamente menor. Conclusión: La posición del cuerpo puede afectar procesos perceptuales visuales que, a su vez, inciden en el efecto de congruencia semántica.


Subject(s)
Fixation, Ocular , Posture , Semantics , Eye Movements
14.
RECIIS (Online) ; 15(1): 6-11, jan.-mar. 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152250

ABSTRACT

This commentary discusses recent developments in 'knowledge graph' technology over the course of the Covid-19 pandemic. Recently experiencing a surge in popularity, knowledge graphs are technologies that assist with data integration through structured metadata modeling. Researchers tag and collate vast amounts of diverse data using knowledge graphs, yet problems related to semantic drift and more salient issues related to the political economy of information and communication technologies persist. Researchers should anticipate that the semantics of these Covid-19 knowledge graphs can change over time. Equally important, researchers should also consider all stakeholders involved, including those stakeholders that might be excluded.


Este comentário discute desenvolvimentos recentes na tecnologia de 'gráficos de conhecimento' durante o curso da pandemia de Covid-19. Gráficos de conhecimento, que vêm tendo um aumento de popularidade, são tecnologias que auxiliam com a integração de dados através de modelamento estruturado de metadados. Pesquisadores rotulam e agregam vastas quantidades de dados diversos usando gráficos de conhecimento, entretanto persistem problemas relacionados a variações semânticas e questões mais salientes relacionadas à economia política de tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Os pesquisadores devem prever que a semântica desses gráficos de conhecimento para Covid-19 pode variar com o tempo. Igualmente importante, os pesquisadores devem também considerar todas as partes interessadas envolvidas, incluindo as que poderiam ser excluídas.


Este ejemplo analiza los desarrollos recientes en la tecnología de 'gráficos de conocimiento' durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Recientemente experimentando un aumento en popularidad, los gráficos de conocimiento son tecnologías que ayudan a la integración de datos a través del modelado de metadatos estructurados. Los investigadores etiquetan y recopilan grandes cantidades de datos diversos utilizando gráficos de conocimiento, pero persisten los problemas relacionados con la deriva semántica y cuestiones más importantes relacionadas con la economía política de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Los investigadores deben prever que la semántica de estos gráficos de conocimiento de Covid-19 puede cambiar con el tiempo. También es importante que los investigadores consideren a todas las partes interesadas involucradas, incluso las que podrían quedar excluidas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections , Communication , Metadata , Betacoronavirus , Semantic Web , Computer Graphics , Information Technology
15.
CoDAS ; 33(5): e20200127, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286121

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o processamento correferencial, em idosos com e sem a Doença de Alzheimer, no Português Brasileiro. Método Participaram 12 idosos sem Alzheimer (ISA), e 06 idosos com a Doença de Alzheimer (IDA). O Mini-Exame do Estado Mental foi utilizado para triagem cognitiva dos participantes. Dois experimentos foram realizados utilizando a técnica de leitura automonitorada para analisar o processamento da correferência, cada um contendo oito frases experimentais e 24 frases distratoras, um deles utilizou pronomes e nomes repetidos, já o outro utilizou hipônimos e hiperônimos. Após a leitura, foram realizadas perguntas relacionadas ao conteúdo das frases. A principal variável de interesse foi o tempo de leitura aferido após a apresentação das retomadas anafóricas. Resultados No primeiro experimento, foram encontrados resultados estatisticamente significantes, no grupo ISA os pronomes foram processados mais rapidamente do que nomes repetidos, e no grupo IDA, os voluntários foram mais rápidos na retomada do nome repetido. No segundo experimento, os resultados demonstraram que o grupo ISA apresentou preferência, na retomada anafórica, pelos hiperônimos, já o grupo IDA não apresentou diferenças significativas entre as condições. Conclusão Os idosos sem patologia processaram mais rapidamente pronomes e hiperônimos, quando comparados a retomadas com nomes repetidos e hipônimos, respectivamente, pela menor quantidade de traços semânticos necessários para identificar os antecedentes naquelas condições, assim como pela proeminência sintática e discursiva. Nos idosos com DA, os nomes foram lidos mais prontamente que pronomes, e não houve diferença no processamento anafórico envolvendo hipônimos e hiperônimos, podendo decorrer do comprometimento na memória de trabalho.


ABSTRACT Purpose To compare coreferential processing in elderly people with and without Alzheimer's disease in Brazilian Portuguese. Methods Twelve elderly people without Alzheimer's (EA) and six elderly people with Alzheimer's disease (EWA) participated in the study. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used for cognitive screening of participants. Two experiments were performed using the self-monitored reading technique to analyze coreference processing. Each contained eight experimental phrases and 24 distracting phrases, one of them using repeated pronouns and names and the other using hyponyms and hypernyms. After reading, questions were asked related to the content of the sentences. The main variable of interest was reading time, measured after the presentation of anaphoric resuming. Results In the first experiment, there were statistically significant results. The EA group processed the pronouns more quickly than repeated names. The volunteers of the EWA group were quicker in resuming repeated names. In the second experiment, the results show that the EA group showed preference for hypernyms in anaphoric resumption, whereas the EWA group did not present significant differences between conditions. Conclusion Elderly people without pathology processed pronouns and hypernyms more quickly compared to retrievals with repeated names and hyponyms, respectively, due to the smaller amount of semantic traits necessary to identify the antecedents in those conditions, as well as syntactic and discursive prominence. Elderly people with AD read names more readily than pronouns. There was no difference in anaphoric processing involving hyponyms and hypernyms, which may result from impaired working memory.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Alzheimer Disease , Semantics , Brazil , Language , Memory Disorders
16.
Psicol. Educ. (Online) ; (51): 31-41, jul.-dez. 2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1287626

ABSTRACT

O uso da expressão 'socioemocional' tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente na literatura de Psicologia. Todavia, seu significado e demarcações operacionais para avaliação em pesquisas muitas vezes não convergem para uma compreensão homogênea. Considerando a relevância atual do tema para a pesquisa psicológica, o presente estudo buscou analisar o conceito a partir de seus contextos de aplicação e operacionalização. Foi conduzida uma busca de artigos publicados em periódicos de Psicologia entre 2005 e 2015 consultando as bases Web of Science, PsycInfo, Scielo e PePSIC. Para a busca foram utilizados os termos "socioemocional" e "psicologia" nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa. A análise conceitual conectiva buscou verificar os contextos de enunciação, os termos conectivos, e o grau de explicitude operacional relativos aos usos da expressão socioemocional. A busca retornou 198 artigos que, após filtragem, considerando apenas estudos empíricos não repetidos, reteve 74 artigos para a análise conceitual. Os resultados evidenciaram uma prevalência de textos publicados nas áreas de educação e psicologia do desenvolvimento. Ao todo, 26 termos conectivos foram registrados na vinculação com a expressão socioemocional. Prevaleceram os estudos em que a expressão socioemocional não apresentou definição explícita em sua enunciação. Conclui-se que, embora o uso da expressão socioemocional seja crescente na literatura de Psicologia, sua circulação e operacionalização heterogêneas demonstram a estrutura probabilística do conceito, referindo uma base teórica pouco clara na explicitação dos construtos e uma forte ênfase nas técnicas de avaliação para a definição do uso da expressão socioemocional.


The use of the expression 'socioemotional' has become increasingly frequent in current psychological literature. However, it's meaning and operational demarcations in research evaluation often do not converge to a homogeneous understanding. Considering the current relevance of the topic in psychological research, the present study sought to analyze the concept usage from its application and operationalization contexts. A search for articles published in journals of Psychology between 2005 and 2015 was conducted by consulting Web of Science, PsycInfo, Scielo and PePSIC databases. The terms "socioemotional" and "psychology" were used in English and Portuguese languages. The conceptual analysis sought to verify the contexts of enunciation, the connective terms, and the degree of operational explanation of the uses of the expression 'socioemotional'. The search returned 198 articles which, after filtering, considering only the inclusion of non-repeated empirical studies, retained 74 articles for the conceptual analysis. The results showed a prevalence of publications in the areas of education and developmental psychology. Altogether, 26 connective terms were recorded in association with the expression 'socioemotional'. Studies in which the expression did not present an explicit definition in its enunciation prevailed. It was concluded that although the usage of the expression 'socioemotional' is increasing in psychological literature, its heterogeneous circulation and operationalization demonstrates a probabilistic structure of the concept, referring to an unclear theoretical basis in the explanation of the constructs and a strong emphasis on evaluation techniques to define the use of the expression 'socioemotional'.


El uso de la expresión "socioemocional" se ha vuelto frecuente en la investigación psicológica actual. Sin embargo, su significado y demarcación operacional en la investigación no convergen a una comprensión homogénea. Teniendo en cuenta la relevancia actual del tema, el presente estudio trató de analizar el uso del concepto socioemocional hasta sus contextos de aplicación y operacionalización. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos publicados en revistas de Psicología entre 2005 y 2015 consultando las bases de datos Web of Science, PsycInfo, Scielo y PePSIC. Los términos "socioemocional" y "psicología" se utilizaron en inglés y portugués. Un análisis conceptual conectivo buscó verificar los contextos de enunciación, los términos conectivos y el grado de explicación operacional de los usos de las expresiones socioemocionales. La búsqueda devolvió 198 artículos, los cuales, considerando solo la inclusión de estudios empíricos no repetidos, conservaron 74 artículos para el análisis conceptual. Los resultados mostraron una concentración de publicaciones en las áreas de educación y psicología del desarrollo. En total, 26 términos conectivos se registraron en asociación con la expresión socioemocional. Hubo una alta prevalencia de estudios en que las expresiones socioemocionales no fueron explícitamente destacadas en su enunciación. Los resultados evidenciaron que, aunque el uso de la expresión socioemocional está aumentando en la literatura psicológica, su circulación heterogénea y operacionalización demuestra una estructura probabilística de uso conceptual. Esta conclusión destaca una base teórica poco clara de enunciado de constructo y un fuerte énfasis en las técnicas de evaluación para la definición de uso de la expresión socioemocional.


Subject(s)
Education , Psychology, Developmental , Research , Evaluation Studies as Topic
17.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 40(4): 702-721, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142436

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción. Como una iniciativa para mejorar la calidad de la atención sanitaria, en la investigación biomédica se ha incrementado la tendencia centrada en el estudio de las disparidades en salud y sexismo. Objetivo. Caracterizar la evidencia científica sobre la disparidad en salud definida como la brecha existente entre la distribución de la salud y el posible sesgo por sexo en el acceso a los servicios médicos. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una búsqueda simultánea de la literatura científica en la base de datos Medline PubMed de dos descriptores fundamentales: Healthcare disparities y Sexism. Posteriormente, se construyó una red semántica principal y se determinaron algunas subunidades estructurales (comunidades) para el análisis de los patrones de organización de la información. Se utilizó el programa de código abierto Cytoscape para el analisis y la visualización de las redes y el MapEquation, para la detección de comunidades. Asimismo, se desarrolló código ex profeso disponible en un repositorio de acceso público. Resultados. El corpus de la red principal mostró que los términos sobre las enfermedades del corazón fueron los descriptores de condiciones médicas más concurrentes. A partir de las subunidades estructurales, se determinaron los patrones de información relacionada con las políticas públicas, los servicios de salud, los factores sociales determinantes y los factores de riesgo, pero con cierta tendencia a mantenerse indirectamente conectados con los nodos relacionados con condiciones médicas. Conclusiones. La evidencia científica indica que la disparidad por sexo sí importa para la calidad de la atención de muchas enfermedades, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con el sistema circulatorio. Sin embargo, aún se percibe un distanciamiento entre los factores médicos y los sociales que dan lugar a las posibles disparidades por sexo.


Abstract: Introduction: As an initiative to improve the quality of health care, the trend in biomedical research focused on health disparities and sex has increased. Objective: To carry out a characterization of the scientific evidence on health disparity defined as the gap between the distribution of health and the possible gender bias for access to medical services. Materials and methods: We conducted a simultaneous search of two fundamental descriptors in the scientific literature in the Medline PubMed database: healthcare disparities and sexism. Subsequently, a main semantic network was built and some structural subunits (communities) were identified for the analysis of information organization patterns. We used open-source software: Cytoscape to analyze and visualize the semantic network, and MapEquation for community detection, as well as an ad hoc code available in a public access repository. Results: The core network corpus showed that the terms on heart disease were the most common among the descriptors of medical conditions. Patterns of information related to public policies, health services, social determinants, and risk factors were identified from the structural subunits, but with a certain tendency to remain indirectly connected to the nodes of medical conditions. Conclusions: Scientific evidence indicates that gender disparity does matter for the care quality in many diseases, especially those related to the circulatory system. However, there is still a gap between the medical and social factors that give rise to possible disparities by sex.


Subject(s)
Biomedical Research , Health Status Disparities , Sexism , Quality of Health Care , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Data Mining , Semantic Web
18.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 69(2): 82-87, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134945

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the accuracy of two semantic categories of the verbal fluency test (supermarket and animal categories) to separate healthy elderly individuals and lower educated Alzheimer's disease patients. METHODS: We evaluated 69 older adults with less than 5 years of schooling, consisting of 31 healthy elderly, and 38 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Semantic verbal fluency was evaluated using the animal and supermarket categories. Mann-Whitney U and Independent t Tests were used to compare the two groups, and the diagnostic accuracy of the tests was analyzed by sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio's, and the Area Under the Curve (AUC). RESULTS: We found a significant difference between the healthy older and Alzheimer's disease groups, in both, animal (p = 0.014) and supermarket verbal fluency (p < 0.001). The supermarket category showed better overall diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.840, 95% CI = 0.746-0.933; p < 0.001) compared to the animal category (AUC = 0.671, 95% CI = 0.543-0.800; p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The supermarket category of semantic verbal fluency provides better accuracy than the animal category for the identification of dementia in a Brazilian elderly population with low educational level.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia de duas categorias semânticas do teste de fluência verbal (categorias de supermercado e animal) para separar idosos saudáveis e pacientes com doença de Alzheimer com baixa escolaridade. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 69 idosos com menos de 5 anos de escolaridade, consistindo em 31 idosos saudáveis e 38 pacientes diagnosticados com a doença de Alzheimer. A fluência verbal semântica foi avaliada nas categorias animal e supermercado. O teste de Mann-Whitney U e o teste t independente foram usados para comparar os dois grupos, e a precisão diagnóstica dos testes foi analisada por sensibilidade, especificidade, razão de verossimilhança e área sob a curva (AUC). RESULTADOS: Encontramos uma diferença significativa entre os grupos de idosos saudáveis e com doença de Alzheimer, tanto na fluência verbal de animais (p = 0,014) quanto na de supermercado (p < 0,001). A categoria supermercado apresentou melhor precisão diagnóstica geral (AUC = 0,840; IC 95% = 0,746- 0,933; p < 0,001) em comparação com a categoria animal (AUC = 0,671; IC 95% = 0,543-0,800; p = 0,014). CONCLUSÃO: A categoria supermercado de fluência verbal semântica fornece melhor acurácia do que a categoria animal para a identificação de demência em uma população idosa brasileira com baixo nível educacional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Semantics , Verbal Behavior , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Educational Status , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Mental Status Schedule
19.
Entramado ; 16(1): 252-271, ene.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124740

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La situación de violencia en Colombia ha producido dinámicas que escapan al control del Estado y dificultan la construcción de la agenda pública de las instituciones estatales, ya que estas poseen limitaciones para describir el entorno social y político que influye en el territorio. Para suplir estas limitaciones, es pertinente generar redes semánticas que describan información sobre las comunidades víctimas del conflicto armado. Lo anterior permitirá generar un insumo que las instituciones y autoridades locales puedan emplear para reconocer pilares en la formación de políticas públicas coherentes a las necesidades de cada comunidad. En el presente artículo, se expone el proceso para la generación semiautomática de una red semántica a partir del tratamiento de datos textuales. Para tal fin, se han empleado herramientas de minería de textos y técnicas de análisis multivariado. La red semántica generada es una primera aproximación para la descripción de las características del caso de estudio de la comunidad de Arauca durante los años 2013-2018.


ABSTRACT The situation of violence in Colombia has produced dynamics that are beyond the control of the State and make it difficult for state institutions to build the public agenda. These institutions have limitations to describe the social and political environment that influence the territory To overcome these limitations, it is pertinent to generate semantic networks that describe information about communities victims of the armed conflict and, thus, generate an input that local institutions and authorities can use to recognize pillars in the formation of public policies consistent with the needs of each community. In this document is presented the process for the semi-automatic generation of a semantic network from the processing of textual data, using text mining tools and multivariate analysis techniques. The semantic network generated is a first approximation for the description of the characteristics of the Arauca community during the years 2013-2018, which was selected as a case study.


RESUMO A situação de violência na Colômbia tem produzido dinâmicas que estão além do controle do Estado e dificultam a construção de uma agenda pública por parte das instituições estatais, já que estas têm limitações na descrição do ambiente social e político que influencia o território. Para superar essas limitações, é pertinente gerar redes semânticas que descrevam as informações sobre as comunidades vítimas do conflito armado. Isto permitirá gerar um input que as instituições e autoridades locais possam utilizar para reconhecer pilares na formação de políticas públicas que sejam consistentes com as necessidades de cada comunidade. Neste artigo, é apresentado o processo para a geração semiautomática de uma rede semântica baseada no processamento de dados textuais. Para isso, foram utilizadas ferramentas de mineração de texto e técnicas de análise multivariada. A rede semântica gerada é uma primeira abordagem para descrever as características do estudo de caso da comunidade Arauca durante os anos 2013-2018.

20.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 68(2): 261-268, Apr.-June 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125635

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. La comprensión del lenguaje está determinada por diversos procesos, entre los que se encuentra el reconocimiento léxico. Según el modelo conexionista, este reconocimiento se genera por activación mediante el emparejamiento de la información acumulada y por la inhibición de las entradas léxicas que compiten por activación. Objetivo. Determinar las diferencias temporales y espaciales de procesamiento entre las incongruencias léxicas semánticamente relacionadas a un contexto lingüístico oracional y las no relacionadas a través de mediciones electrofisiológicas de potenciales relacionados a eventos (PRE). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó la medición de los PRE en 10 sujetos sanos por medio de un paradigma de 240 oraciones en español agrupadas de la siguiente manera: 80 oraciones congruentes, 80 con incongruencias dentro del campo léxico y 80 con incongruencias fuera del campo léxico. Resultados. Se observó una diferencia estadística en la latencia de aparición del componente N400 entre las dos condiciones. Por su parte, se encontró una mayor activación del precúneo, del giro orbitofrontal, del giro angular y del giro supramarginal en la condición de incongruencia fuera del campo léxico. Conclusión. Se identificaron diferencias temporales y espaciales (activación del precúneo, del giro orbitofrontal, del giro angular y del giro supramarginal) entre el procesamiento de las incongruencias léxicas y no léxicas.


Abstract Introduction: Language understanding depends on several processes, including lexical recognition. According to the connectionist model, this recognition is generated by activation through the matching of accumulated information and by the inhibition of lexical entries that compete for activation. Objective: To determine, through electrophysiological measurements of event-related potentials (ERP), temporal and spatial processing differences between lexical inconsistencies semantically related to a sentence linguistic context and those that are unrelated. Materials and methods: ERPs were measured in 10 healthy subjects by means of a 240 Spanish sentences paradigm grouped as follows: 80 congruent sentences, 80 sentences with lexical incongruities, and 80 with non-lexical incongruities. Results: A statistical difference was found in the latency of appearance of the N400 component between both conditions. On the other hand, a greater activation of the precuneus, the orbitofrontal gyrus, the angular gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus was observed in the non-lexical incongruity condition. Conclusion: There are temporal and spatial (activation of the precuneus, the orbitofrontal gyrus, the angular gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus) differences between the processing of lexical inconsistencies and the processing of non-lexical inconsistencies.

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