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ABSTRACT Introduction: Evidence suggests that a higher distribution of elite athletes have birth dates in the first few months of the year. However, the advantages of birth month on performance related to starter status, structure and body composition in female futsal (5-a-side football played on a hard court, mainly indoors), are unknown. Objective: To determine the effect of relative age (ERA) on competitive female futsal athletes, and its influence on anthropometric profile and starter status. Methods: One hundred and fifteen athletes, participants in the 20th Brazilian Cup of Adult Futsal Clubs, special division, were submitted to measurements of body mass, height, skinfold thickness, body perimeters and bone diameters, in order to characterize the anthropometric profile and determine the body somatotype. The athletes were distributed in semesters and quartiles of the months of the year, according to their birth dates. Differences in the distribution of expected and observed birth dates were tested using Chi-square tests (χ2). Comparisons between semesters and birth quartiles were performed using parametric and non-parametric tests. Results: There was no ERA in distribution (p=0.248), anthropometric profile (p=0.872 to 0.912), or starter status between athletes born from January to June (p=0.352) and those born between July and December (p=0.744). On the other hand, those born in the first months of the year showed longer practice times than those born in the latter months of the year. Conclusion: Although the ERA in this study reveals longer practice times favoring female futsal athletes born in the first quartile of the year, it did not influence the starter status, the distribution in the teams, or any advantage in anthropometric profile. Level of evidence III, Case-Control Study.
RESUMO Introdução: Evidências sugerem maior distribuição de atletas de elite com data de nascimento nos primeiros meses do ano. Entretanto, as vantagens que o mês de nascimento exerce no desempenho relacionado à titularidade, estrutura e composição corporal no futsal feminino são desconhecidas. Objetivo: Determinar o efeito da idade relativa (EIR) em atletas de futsal feminino competitivo e sua influência no perfil antropométrico e na titularidade. Métodos: Cento e quinze atletas, participantes da XX Taça Brasil de Clubes de Futsal Feminino Adulto, divisão especial, foram submetidas a medidas de massa corporal, estatura, espessuras de dobras cutâneas, perímetros corporais e diâmetros ósseos, a fim de caracterizar o perfil antropométrico e determinar o somatotipo corporal. As atletas foram distribuídas em semestres e quartis dos meses do ano, de acordo com suas datas de nascimento. Diferenças na distribuição das datas de nascimento esperadas e observadas foram comparadas utilizando o teste de qui-quadrado (χ2). As comparações entre os semestres e os quartis de nascimento foram realizadas utilizando os testes paramétricos e não paramétricos. Resultados: Não houve EIR na distribuição (p=0,248), no perfil antropométrico (p=0,872 a 0,912) ou na titularidade entre as atletas nascidas de janeiro a junho (p=0,352) e as nascidas entre julho a dezembro (p=0,744). Por outro lado, as atletas nascidas nos primeiros meses do ano demonstraram maior tempo de prática do que as nascidas nos últimos meses do ano. Conclusão: Apesar do EIR neste estudo revelar maior tempo de prática favorecendo atletas de futsal feminino nascidas no primeiro trimestre do ano, não influenciou a condição de titular, a distribuição nas equipes, ou qualquer vantagem no perfil antropométrico. Nível de evidência III, Estudo Caso-Controle.
RESUMEN Introducción: Evidencias sugieren mayor distribución de atletas de élite con fecha de nacimiento en los primeros meses del año. Entretanto, las ventajas que el mes de nacimiento ejerce sobre el desempeño relacionado a la titularidad, estructura y composición corporal en el futsal femenino son desconocidas. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la edad relativa (EER) en atletas de futsal femenino competitivo y su influencia en el perfil antropométrico y en la titularidad. Métodos: Ciento quince atletas, participantes de la XX Copa Brasil de Clubes de Futsal Femenino Adulto, división especial, fueron sometidas a medición de masa corporal, estatura, espesores de los pliegues cutáneos, perímetros corporales y diámetros óseos, a fin de caracterizar el perfil antropométrico y determinar el somatotipo corporal. Las atletas fueron distribuidas en semestres y cuartiles de los meses del año, de acuerdo con sus fechas de nacimiento. Las diferencias en la distribución de las fechas de nacimiento esperadas y observadas fueron probadas usando el test de chi cuadrado (χ2). Las comparaciones entre los semestres y los cuartiles de nacimiento realizadas usando tests paramétricos y no paramétricos. Resultados: No hubo EER en la distribución (p = 0,248), en el perfil antropométrico (p = 0,872 a 0,912) o en la titularidad entre atletas nacidas de enero a junio (p = 0,352) y las nacidas entre julio a diciembre (p = 0,744). Por otro lado, las atletas nacidas en los primeros meses del año demostraron mayor tiempo de práctica que las nacidas en los últimos meses del año. Conclusión: Aunque el EER en este estudio revela un tiempo de práctica más prolongado que favorece a las atletas de futsal femenino nacidas en el primer trimestre del año, no influyó en la posición inicial, la distribución en los equipos ni ninguna ventaja en el perfil antropométrico. Nivel de evidencia III, Estudio Caso-Control.
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Background: Undergraduate medical education in India and many developing nations is facing new challenges today. Multiple stressors including academic burden, parental pressure and even psychological ailments affect medical students. Depression, burnout and stress are commonly seen in medical students. This increases psychiatric morbidity and affects performance. This study was conducted to extract the factors which are important factors for the effective learning of students and influences their performance during curriculum.Methods: This cross sectional and descriptive study was carried out among 100 MBBS student of 2015 of GMERS medical college, Dharpur-Patan during March to April 2018. Students were administered pre-designed and structured questionnaire after obtaining their informed consent while seated in the lecture hall. Responses of questionnaires were analyzed with Epi Info 7.0 and MS Excel. Frequencies and percentages were calculated and Chi-square test was applied to find out significance.Results: Most important factors which were affecting students’ performance in our study were language problems, competent teachers, social media and campus environment. 70% students have no issue with financial status. Majority students prefer self study.Conclusions: Identification of hidden factors affecting academic performance is very important in very early stage so they can perform better in their study in future. Language, hostel environment, teachers’ attitude towards students etc are also certain important factors which help students to perform better in curriculum.
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Background: Self medication is rampant in medical undergraduates. There is a need to evaluate the extent and factors that govern self medication. This study was conducted in 7th semester and 5th semester undergraduates to compare the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding self medication.Methods: It is a questionnaire based study in a total of 294 medical students comprising 147 students each belonging to 7th and 5th semesters to assess determinants and practice methods of self medication in the past one year.Results: 100% of 7th semester and 90% of 5th semester students self medicated. Majority followed modern medicine. Awareness of OTC drugs, essential drugs and generic drugs was not optimum. Students self medicated based on old prescriptions and text books for perceived mild illnesses like common cold, fever and headache. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antihistamines were most commonly used. Not all students checked package insert prior to use.Conclusions: Self medication practice is more pronounced in 7th semester than in 5th semester students. 7th semester students used diverse drugs compared to 5th semester students who used limited groups of drugs.
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To adapt the requirement of Chinese education development, and to abandon the defects of two semester system, such as too-long semester, inflexible curriculum, and restricting personality devel-opment of students, Xi'an Jiaotong University has performed semester reform for reforming the contents and methods of the teaching, promoting the innovation ability of students, and improving the quality of the scholastic education since 2013. In the current study, we have attempted to demonstrate the benefits of the semester reform for promoting the innovation ability of students, and to reveal the active role of the semester reform through comparing the presentation of medical undergraduate students in the national competition of innovation training for medical undergraduate students. Overall, the results of our analysis have supported the semester reform, and provided the reference information for the semester reforms of Chinese universities.
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La incidencia de enfermedad coronaria durante el embarazo es de alrededor de 6,2/100 000. Se ha observado como principales factores de riesgo la edad maternal avanzada, la presencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos, la anemia severa y la necesidad de transfusión posparto. El infarto miocárdico agudo durante el embarazo y el posparto se ha asociado a una mortalidad de entre el 5,7 y el 37 %. Se presentó el caso de una gestante de 27 años de edad, con diagnóstico clínico, electrocardiográfico, enzimático y ecocardiográfico, de infarto agudo del miocardio con supradesnivel del segmento ST, de origen cardioembólico por doble lesión valvular mitral. Sí difirieron los procederes invasivos y la trombolisis, valorando las posibles complicaciones. Se realizó un manejo médico con betabloqueadores, diuréticos tiazídicos e inhibidores de la aldosterona, antiagregantes plaquetarios, anticoagulación con heparinas de bajo peso molecular, nitritos en su momento, hipolipemiantes y omeprazol. Se trataron oportunamente las complicaciones y se interrumpió el embarazo a las 34,2, semanas realizándose cesárea sin complicaciones. Tras su buena evolución, fue dada de alta y se programó la coronariografía en un mes a partir de la fecha de la cesárea.
The coronary disease incidence during pregnancy is around 6.2/100 000. The mainly found risk factors have been: advance maternal age, the presence of classic cardiovascular risk factors, severe anemia and post-labor transfusion necessity. The acute myocardial infarct during pregnancy and post-labor has been associated to 5.7-37 % mortality. We presented the case of a pregnant woman aged 27 years with clinical, electrocardiographic, enzymatic and echocardiographic diagnosis of acute myocardial infarct with St-segment supra elevation, of cardioembolic origin due to a mitral valve double lesion. The invasive procedures and thrombolysis do differ when assessing the possible complications. We carried out a medical management with betablockers, thiazide diuretics and aldosterone inhibitors, platelet antiaggregator, anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparins, nitrites when needed, hypolipidemics and omeprazole. Complications were treated timely and pregnancy was interrupted at 34.2 weeks, carrying out a cesarean without complication. After good evolution, the patient was discharged and coronary angiography was programmed a month after the cesarean.
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I took a summer course at the School of Nursing of the University of Delaware in the United States. The 4-week neurology and neurosurgery course had been organized by a clinical nurse specialist. The curriculum was extremely effective because one clinical topic was taught for a certain period of time. This system has been judged to be useful for teaching clinical nursing. A similar program might also be useful for nursing schools in Japan.