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Background: Male factors contribute to almost 50% of infertile couples. Deleterious effects of tobacco smoking on male reproductive system are well known. Research studies report contradictory findings about the effect of tobacco chewing on male fertility. Aim and objectives: To study effect of tobacco chewing on seminal parameters in male partners of infertile couples. Material and Methods: Present study was conducted on 100 male partners of infertile couples (50 tobacco chewers and 50 non-chewers) in age group of 21-40 years in the semen analysis laboratory in department of Physiology of Government Medical College, Nagpur from October 2014 to March 2016. Seminal parameters like volume of ejaculate, sperm count, sperm motility and motile sperm count were measured and compared in both groups. Result: Tobacco chewers had significantly lower values of all the seminal parameters as compared to non-chewers. Significantly low values of all parameters were observed in severe tobacco chewers as compared to mild and moderate tobacco chewers. Conclusion: Tobacco chewing has adverse effect on seminal parameters of male partners of infertile couples thus proving its pronounced role in male infertility. Severity of this effect increases as duration of tobacco chewing is prolonged.
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Background: The first immunological correlation with male infertility was reported in 1954 by Wilson and Rumke with the identification of anti-sperm antibodies. The prevalence of anti-sperm antibodies in infertile men varies from 9%-36%, the main cause being the loss of the blood-testicular barrier and otherwise the association with chronic inflammation. It has been shown that immune infertility is found in 15% of patients with varicocele.Methods: A transversal comparative study was carried out with 360 infertile men who were tested for anti-sperm antibodies between January 2011 and July 2018. Two groups were integrated; Group 1, infertile men with positive anti-sperm antibodies >50%, group 2, infertile men with negative anti-sperm <50%. Seminogram parameters were evaluated according to the WHO 5th edition and associated risk factors with anti-sperm antibodies.Results: 360 infertile men were evaluated during the study, 42 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, the prevalence of anti-sperm antibodies was 14.5%. Group 1; n=46 (14.5%) and group 2, n=272 (85.5%), the clinical characteristics and the hormonal profile were compared at study admission without significant difference. There was a significant decrease in progressive motility in group 1 (38.7±23.8) vs group 2 (50.1±18.9) p=0.03. Analyzing the risk factors, varicocele was found to be significant 23.7%, OR 2.14 (1.27-3.61) p=0.004 as well as retractable testicle 26.4%, OR 2.13 (1.23-3.70) p= 0.008.Conclusions: The affectation of motility was confirmed, which leads to the suspect varicocele and retractable testicle as risk factors.
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RESUMEN Con el objetivo de demostrar el efecto de los extractos secos clorofórmico y de diclorometano de Tropaeolum tuberosum R&P mashua sobre los parámetros seminales y su toxicidad aguda en ratones albinos, se utilizó dos grupos experimentales y un grupo control. Los ratones fueron sacrificados, después de 7 días, luego de recibir los dos tipos de extractos, realizando posteriormente el conteo de espermatozoides utilizando la cámara y el método de Neubauer. Los extractos aplicados por vía intraperitoneal, afectaron la cantidad de espermatozoides en ratones, obteniendo: que el grupo que recibió el extracto clorofórmico presentó disminución del 79,9% en el número de espermatozoides y el grupo con diclorometano presentó disminución del 77,1%, ambos con respecto al grupo control.
SUMMARY With the goal of proving the effect of chloroformic and dichloromethane dry extracts from Tropaeolum tuberosum R& P mashua, on the seminal parameters and its acute toxicity in albino mice. It was used two experimental groups and a control group. The mice were sacrificed, after 7 days while they were receiving the two kinds of extracts, making after that a sperm count, using for that the Neubauer's method and camera. The extracts, applied intraperitoneally, affect the amount of sperm on mice, getting: The group that received the chloroform extract showed a 79.9% decrease in the number of spermatozoids and the group that received the dichloromethane extract showed a decrease of 77.1%, both with respect to the control group.
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Our aim was to describe sperm parameters in residents from Northern Chile. We evaluated in 101 volunteers (18 and 30 years old) urinary and drinking water Boron levels using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry; semen parameters were measured with standardized methods. Each individual was categorized in 3 levels of exposure: low (B levels in urine 2.94 mgL-1 or tap water 3.0 mgL-1), medium (urinary B between 2.95-7.4 mgL-1 and B in tap water with 3.0-7.0 mgL-1) and high (urinary B > 7.4 mgL-1 or tap water > 7.0 mgL-1). We found no significant differences among groups by pH, sperm concentration (45.1; 48.2 and 38 million/mL), motility 1th hour (38.1; 40.0 and 45.5 %) and vitality 1th hour (88.6; 88.0 and 76.9 %) respectively. Abnormal morphology was significant different (83.3; 90 and 83 %). Young men exposed to B in drinking water present sperm variations associated with the level of exposure. Most of these changes are positive at intermediate levels of B. For the highest exposures were observed negative changes in sperm morphology, concentration, motility and vitality, all relevant parameters of fertility. Beneficial effect is observed at medium exposure, like a "U curve".
El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los parámetros espermáticos en residentes del norte de Chile. Se evaluaron en 101 voluntarios (18 y 30 años), los niveles urinarios y de agua potable de boro, usando "Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry". Los parámetros del semen se midieron con métodos estandarizados. Cada individuo se clasificó en 3 niveles de exposición: bajo (niveles B en la orina 2,94 mgL-1 o agua potable 3,0 mgL-1), medio (B urinario entre 2,95-7,4 mgL-1 y B en agua de beber con 3,0- 7,0 mgL-1) y alto (B urinario >7,4 mgL-1 o agua potable > 7,0 mgL-1). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos por pH, concentración de espermatozoides (45,1; 48,2 y 38 millones/mL), motilidad a 1 hora (38,1; 40,0 y 45,5%) y vitalidad 1 hora (88,6; 88,0 y 76,9%) respectivamente. La morfología anormal fue significativamente diferente (83,3; 90 y 83%). Los hombres jóvenes expuestos a B en el agua potable presentan variaciones espermáticas asociadas con el nivel de exposición. La mayoría de estos cambios son positivos en niveles intermedios de B. Para las exposiciones más altas se observaron cambios negativos en la morfología, concentración, motilidad y vitalidad del esperma, parámetros relevantes de la fertilidad. Un efecto beneficioso se observa en la exposición media, como una "curva U".
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Boron/toxicity , Spermatozoa/drug effects , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Boron/urine , Chemical Compound Exposure , Chile , Fertility/drug effects , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Semen/chemistry , Semen/drug effects , Spermatozoa/pathology , Water Pollutants, Chemical/urineABSTRACT
Objective To explore the association of anti-mullerian hormone(AMH)in seminal plasma and serum with sperm counts and energy for male.Methods For 215 cases of healthy male selected from our reproductive clinic,with women′s reason for infertility,seminal plasma and serum AMH were detected,as semen parameters(sperm density,living rate,vitality and malformation rate),6 items of serum sex hormone.In seminal plasma and serum AMH respectively as the dependent variable,using multiple line-ar regression model to explore its quantitative relation with semen parameters and sex hormone levels.Results 215 cases were en-rolled,aged 34.28±5.70 years,while the median of the seminal plasma AMH was 0.47,quartile 0.05-3.09 pmol/ejaculation.The median of the serum AMH was 53.07,quartile 32.32 -72.20 pmol/L.Through multiple linear regression analysis,after adjusted by age and BMI,the seminal plasma of AMH and total number of sperm,sperm concentration,dynamic motility,total sperm activi-ty,serum inhibin B were positively correlated(P 0.05);Serum AMH negatively correlated with serum FSH,with serum inhibin B positively(P 0.05).Conclu-sion The seminal plasma of AMH were positively correlated with sperm concentration,sperm counts,sperm vitality,with the asso-ciation for serum AMH not yet found.
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Resumen ANTECEDENTES: el patrón de referencia para evaluar la infertilidad masculina es el análisis seminal, aunque es incapaz de detectar la fragmentación del ADN espermático relacionado con resultados reproductivos adversos. OBJETIVO: analizar la relación entre los parámetros seminales y la fragmentación del ADN espermático, y valorar la utilidad del seminograma como predictor de fragmentación. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio retrospectivo y observacional efectuado en pacientes del Instituto de Ciencias en Reproducción Humana Vida con problemas de fertilidad. Análisis seminal e índice de fragmentación del ADN (DFI) mediante el test de dispersión de la cromatina espermática. RESULTADOS: se estudiaron 206 pacientes: 43 (20.9%) con espermas normales y 163 (79.1%) con algún parámetro seminal alterado. En los individuos con espermas normales, 8 (18.6%) tuvieron fragmentación moderada y quienes resultaron con al menos un parámetro seminal alterado 49 (30.1%) reportaron fragmentación moderada y 22 (13.5%) fragmentación crítica. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre el índice de fragmentación del ADN y la movilidad, vitalidad y concentración (p<0.0001). No se encontró correlación alguna con el resto de los parámetros seminales. Las medias de fragmentación aumentaron conforme se incrementó el número de parámetros alterados. La razón de momios de fragmentación moderada y crítica en pacientes con oligozoospermia fue de 2.2 y 1.9; con astenozoospermia 8.0 y 26.2; con necrozoospermia 10.5 y 18.8; y con ≥ 3 alteraciones seminales 4.6 y 14.2, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: en pacientes con astenozoospermia, necrozoospermia u oligozoospermia o con ≥ 3 parámetros seminales alterados se recomienda realizar el estudio de fragmentación del ADN.
Abstract BACKGROUND: the reference pattern to evaluate male infertility is a semen analysis: although it is unable to detect sperm DNA fragmentation related to adverse reproductive outcomes. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the relationship between seminal parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation as well as assess the usefulness of semen analysis as predictor of fragmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: retrospective, observational study performed in patients of the Instituto de Ciencias en Reproducción Humana Vida with infertility problems. Semen analysis and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) using the sperm chromatin dispersion test. RESULTS: 206 patients were studied: 43 (20.9%) with normal sperm and 163 (79.1%) with an impaired seminal parameter. Of the individuals with normal sperm, 8 (18.6%) had moderate fragmentation and those who had at least one seminal parameter impaired 49 (30.1%) reported moderate fragmentation and 22 (13.5%) critical fragmentation. We found a negative correlation between the DNA fragmentation index and the motility, vitality and concentration (p<0.0001). We found no correlation whatsoever with the remaining seminal parameters. The fragmentation measurements increased as the number of impaired parameters increased. The odds ratio of moderate and critical fragmentation in patients with oligozoospermia was 2.2 and 1.9; with asthenozoospermia 8.0 and 26.2; con necrozoospermia 10.5 and 18.8; and with ≥ 3 seminal impairments 4.6 and 14.2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: in patients with asthenozoospermia, necrozoospermia or oligozoospermia or with ≥ 3 impaired seminal parameters, we recommend performing a DNA fragmentation test.
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Objetivo: evaluar los parámetros seminales en varones con sospecha de infertilidad. Métodos: se analizaron 138 muestras seminales. La evaluación se realizó mediante análisis seminal según criterios de la OMS 2010. Resultados: la edad de los pacientes estaba comprendida entre los 20 a 57 años, con un promedio de 32,8 ± 6,7. El 61,6 % de los pacientes tenían normozoospermia, 9,4 % tenían azoospermia y 0,7% aspermia, el 28,3% presentaron uno o más parámetros alterados (4,3% presentaron alteración en volumen, 5,1% alteración en concentración espermática, 6,5% alteración en movilidad, 0,7% alteración en morfología y 0,7% alteración en vitalidad, el 11% presento más de una alteración). Se observó diferencia significativa entre muestras normozoospermicas y con alteración: en volumen (p=0,02), en la concentración espermática, N° total de espermatozoides, total de espermatozoide motiles (TEM), motilidad espermática, vitalidad y morfología normal con un valor de (p=0,00). Conclusiones:el estudio muestra que, a mayor edad, existe un incremento en las alteraciones seminales. Los parámetros seminales como volumen, concentración, vitalidad, motilidad progresiva y morfología, muestran un alto porcentaje de anormalidad. Siendo la movilidad progresiva el parámetro más afectado.
Objetives: evaluate seminal parameters in males suspected with infertility. Methods: 138 seminal samples were analyzed. The evaluation was performed using seminal analysis according to the criteria of OMS 2010. Results: the patients age was understood to be between 20 to 57 years, with a median age of 32,8± 6,7. The 61,6% of patients were normozoospermics, 9,4 % were azoospermic and 0,7% as-permic, 28,3% had one or more altered parameters (4,3% showed alteration in volume, 5,1% altered in spermatic concentration, 6,5% alter in mobility, 0,7% altered in morphology and 0,7% change in vitality, the 11% was shown to have more than one alterations). It was observed that there was a significant amount of difference between normozoospermics samples and with change: in volume (p=0,02), in spermatic concentration, total number of sperm, total sperm motile (TEM), sperm motility, vitality and normal morphology with a value of (p=0,00). Conclusions: The results of this study show that at an older age, there is an increase in the seminal alteration. The parameters of the volume, spermatic concentration, vitality, progressive motility and normal morphology, show a high percentage of abnormality, being the most affected parameter progressive motility.
Subject(s)
Infertility, Male , Semen AnalysisABSTRACT
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociación del polimorfismo CYP1A1*2A (T-C) y la infertilidad en una muestra de hombres del Caribe colombiano. Materiales y Métodos: Se analizaron características macroscópicas y microscópicas de la muestra seminal de 31 hombres infértiles y 20 fértiles. La genotipificación del polimorfismo se realizó a partir de la técnica PCR-RFLP. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en las características seminales microscópicas en ambos grupos. Además, se identificaron alteraciones en movilidad, concentración y/o morfología. Fueron identificados tres genotipos: TT, TC y CC. En los inértiles se presentaron 25 individuos con genotipo TT (80.6 %), 5 TC (16.1 %) y 1 CC (3.2 %), y en el grupo fértil 16 individuos presentaron genotipo TT (80.0 %), 4 TC (20.0 %) y 0 CC (0.0 %). La distribución genotípica se encontró en equilibrio Hardy - Weinberg en ambos grupos. El análisis de regresión logística mostró que no hubo asociación significativa entre el polimorfismo CYP1A1*2A y la infertilidad en hombres del Caribe colombiano (p>0.05). Conclusión: Estos resultados preliminares sugieren que el polimorfismo CYP1A1*2A no contribuye a la infertilidad masculina en hombres del Caribe colombiano. Sin embargo, son de gran importancia debido a que existe escasa información que asocie polimorfismos del gen CYP1A1 con la infertilidad masculina.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of CYP1A1*2A polymorphism (T-C substitution) with male infertility in Colombian Caribbean subjects. Materials and Methods: Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics were analyzed in the semen sample of 31 infertile and 20 fertile men. The polymorphism was genotyped through PCR-RFLP. Results: Both groups evidenced significant differences in microscopic characteristics (p< 0.05), as well as alterations in sperm motility, count and morphology. Three genotypes were identified: wild type homozygous (TT), heterozygous (TC) and variant homozygous (CC). 25 TT genotype (80.6%), 5 TC genotype (16.1%) and 1 CC genotype (3.2%) in infertile men, and 16 TT genotype (80.0%), 4 TC genotype (20.0%) and 0 CC genotype (0.0%) in fertile men were identified. In both infertile and fertile men, distributions of the genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between CYP1A1*2A polymorphism and male infertility in Colombian Caribbean men (p>0.05). Conclusion: These preliminary results suggest that CYP1A1*2A polymorphism do not contribute to male infertility of Colombian Caribbean men. However, they are very important because there is limited information about CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms associated with male infertility.
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Introducción: la infertilidad es definida como la incapacidad de completar un embarazo después de 12 meses de sostener relaciones sexuales sin medidas anticonceptivas. Objetivo: evaluar los parámetros seminales de 30 hombres con fertilidad probada y compararlos con los límites de referencia reportados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en 2010. Adicionalmente, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre los parámetros seminales en América Latina. Métodos: se evaluó el pH, el volumen, la concentración, la movilidad, la viabilidad y la morfología espermática de muestras de semen de hombres con fertilidad probada empleando la metodología propuesta por la OMS. Resultados: el 90 % de las muestras presentaron parámetros seminales por encima del límite inferior de referencia. Los valores de la mediana fueron: pH 8, volumen 2,5 mL, concentración 82,5 millones/mL, movilidad total de espermatozoides progresivos y no progresivos 68,5 %, movilidad progresiva 58 %, viabilidad 76 %, morfología normal 10,5 %. Conclusión: los parámetros seminales de la población fértil estudiada están por encima del límite inferior de referencia, lo que permite pensar que la nueva clasificación de la OMS 2010 está más acorde con la población fértil que los valores previamente propuestos en otros manuales. Sin embargo se requieren más estudios con un mayor tamaño muestral en los cuales se evalúen además los parámetros seminales en la población general y en individuos infértiles.
Introduction: infertility is defined as the inability to complete a pregnancy after 12 months of having sex without contraception. Objective : to evaluate the seminal parameters of 30 men with proven fertility and compared with lower reference limit reported by the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Additionally, a literature review was conducted on semen parameters in Latin America. Methods: pH, volume, concentration, motility, viability and sperm morphology on semen samples were evaluated from men with proven fertility using the WHO proposed methodology. Results: 90 % of the samples showed seminal parameters above the lower reference limit. The median values were: pH 8, 2.5 mL volume, concentration 82.5 x 10(6)/ mL, total progressive and non-progressive sperm motility 68.5 %, progressive motility 58 %, viability 76 %, and normal morphology 10,5 %. Conclusions: semen parameters of the fertile population studied are above the lower reference limit, which suggests that the new 2010 WHO classification are more congruent with fertile population than those previously proposed values in other manuals. However, more investigations are needed using more individuals, which also will be evaluated semen parameters in the general population and infertile individuals.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: No existe ninguna evidencia sobre la comparación de los parámetros seminales de diferentes regiones de Colombia. OBJETIVO: Comparar los parámetros seminales de hombres de tres ciudades colombianas, Cartagena, Bogotá y Medellín. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de los parámetros seminales de las bases de datos de los individuos que asistieron a centros de reproducción en Cartagena (n= 337), Bogotá (n= 90) y Medellín (n= 287). El análisis de los datos se realizó usando estadística descriptiva y un modelo estadístico multivariado en el cual permite examinar las variables al tiempo. RESULTADOS: Se observó diferencia significativa en el volumen seminal entre la población de Bogotá y Cartagena (p< 0,001). La movilidad progresivas a y a + b presentaron diferencia estadística (p< 0,001) entre las poblaciones de Medellín y Cartagena respecto a la de Bogotá. La concentración fue diferente entre Medellín comparada con Bogotá y Cartagena (p< 0,001). Adicionalmente, mediante el análisis multivariado con contraste canónico ortogonal, se encontraron diferencias significativas en los parámetros seminales entre las poblaciones de las ciudades de Medellín comparado con las poblaciones de las ciudades de Bogotá y Cartagena (p< 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio evidencio diferencia en el perfil seminal de los hombres que consultaron a centros de fertilidad de Medellín al compararlo con Bogotá y Cartagena. Además, este estudio es la primera aproximación hacia la determinación de unos parámetros seminales propios de nuestro país.
INTRODUCTION: Currently there is no study that shows evidence on differences in sperm parameters from Colombian men. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the semen parameters in men from three Colombian cities: Cartagena, Bogotá, and Medellín. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of seminal parameters databases of individuals who attended a reproductive center in Cartagena (n= 337), Bogotá (n= 90) and Medellin (n= 287). The data analysis was performed using a multivariate analysis of variance which allows us to examine several variables. RESULTS: Difference in semen volume between the population from Bogota and Cartagena was significant (p < 0.001). The progressive motility a, and a + b showed statistical difference (< 0.001) among the populations from Medellin and Cartagena respect to Bogota. The concentration was different between individuals from Bogota and Medellin when compared to individuals from Cartagena (p < 0.001); additionaly, a multivariate analysis of variance with orthogonal canonic contrast showed a significant difference in the semen parameters between the populations of Medellín compared to populations from Cartagena and Bogota (p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests differences in the seminal parameters between men who consulted a fertility center in Medellin, Bogota, and Cartagena; additionally, this study is the first attempt to the determine seminal parameters in Colombia.
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Infertility affects 10-15 percent of couples who are trying to conceive, and half of the cases are due to male infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is increasingly being used to overcome multiple sperm deficiencies. Due to its effectiveness, some have proposed ICSI as a solution for all cases of male infertility, regardless of the cause. Hence, even men with potentially treatable causes of infertility have sought the aid of assisted reproductive technology, rather than undergo specific therapies to treat their infertility. Varicoceles are the most frequent physical finding in infertile men; indeed, they may be responsible for nearly one-third of cases of male infertility. Varicocele management, however, has always been a controversial issue because very few randomized, controlled studies have been performed to examine varicocelectomy as an infertility treatment. Significant evidence suggests that varicoceles have a harmful effect on the testis and that varicocelectomy can not only prevent progressive decline in testicular function but also reverse the damage. However, the degree to which varicocele repair improves pregnancy rates and the success of assisted reproductive technology remains controversial.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Infertility, Male/therapy , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Varicocele/surgery , Age Factors , Azoospermia/physiopathology , Fertility/physiology , Infertility, Male/surgery , Pregnancy Rate , Treatment Outcome , Varicocele/complications , Varicocele/physiopathologyABSTRACT
O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de testar dois processos de resfriamento de sêmen suíno, analisar o efeito da adição de CaCl2 ao diluidor BTS e testar o método de avaliação do perfil enzimático da Aspartato Aminotransferase (AAT) sobre a qualidade espermática. Foram utilizados 12 ejaculados suínos de animais procedentes do setor de Suinocultura - DZO/UFLA. Estes ejaculados foram diluídos e receberam diferentes concentrações de CaCl2 (A: 0,0; B: 2,5; C: 5,0 e D: 7,5 mM). As amostras dos ejaculados foram submetidas a três processos de resfriamento (1: convencional - 15º C ; 2: lento - 15º C/5º C; 3: rápido - 5º C), sendo que cada ejaculado ficou armazenado por um período de 72 horas para avaliações da qualidade espermática, constituindo os tratamentos experimentais. Os parâmetros seminais avaliados foram motilidade e vigor espermáticos e perfil enzimático da AAT. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) quanto aos níveis de CaCl2 para o parâmetro de motilidade espermática, sendo que níveis maiores deste sal apresentaram resultados mais favoráveis à motilidade espermática. Para as variáveis vigor espermático e para o perfil da AAT não foi observado efeito da adição deste sal. Quanto ao processo de resfriamento, foi observada diferença significativa (P<0,05) para os parâmetros de motilidade e vigor espermáticos. Para o perfil enzimático não foi observado diferença significativa (P>0,05). Conclui-se que a adição de CaCl2 melhora a motilidade espermática das amostras dos ejaculados suínos e que o processo de resfriamento lento substitui o processo convencional sem afetar a qualidade espermática do sêmen submetido à refrigeração. A avaliação da AAT não é válida para sêmen resfriado.
The study was carried out with objective to test two swine semen cooling processes and verify the effects of adding chloride of calcium (CaCl2) on semen dilutor BTS and also to test the evaluation method of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AAT) enzymatic profile on the cooled swine semen spermatic quality. Were used twelve samples of ejaculation of breeders supplied by the Swine Breeding section at the DZO/UFLA. The samples were diluted and received different concentrations of CaCl2 (A: 0.0; B: 2.5; C 5.0; D 7.5mM). The samples of ejaculation were submitted to three processes of cooling: 1 - standard cooling (15º C); 2 - slow cooling (15º C/ 5º C); 3 - fast cooling (5º C), and each sample of ejaculation was stored for a period of 72 hours to evaluation of spermatic quality, over all experimental treatments. The seminal parameters evaluated were the spermatic motility and strength and enzymatic profile of the AAT. A meaningful difference was verified (P< 0.05) in the levels of CaCl2 for the parameters of spermatic motility, high levels of this salt showed better results in this parameter . The variables spermatic strength and AAT profile, shown no effects for any addition of CaCl2 . For the cooling process, a meaningful difference was verified (P<0.05) in the parameters of spermatic motility and strength. No effects were observed concerning the enzymatic profile of the AAT (P>0.05). It was concluded that the adding of CaCl2 did improve the spermatic motility of the samples of swine ejaculations and that the process of slow cooling is able to replace the standard process without affecting the spermatic quality of semen submitted to cooling. The assessment of AAT is not valid to cooled semen.
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Objective To study the relation between function of sperm membrane and seminal parameters.Methods Five hundred and three semen samples were collected from 149 normal men and 354 infertile men.Sperm concentration,motility,viability,semen WBC concentration,morphology and sperm tail hypo-osmotic swelling(HOS) were analyzed according to WHO criteria. Results Sperm HOS score in infertile group was lower than that in control group(P