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1.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 85(4): 428-438, oct.-dic. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-697505

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños están alcanzando globalmente proporciones epidémicas. La obesidad es uno de los principales factores contribuyentes a la carga global de enfermedades crónicas, discapacidad y elevada utilización de los servicios de salud, de ahí la importancia de prevenirla desde la más temprana edad. Objetivos: determinar la evolución durante 10 años de la prevalencia de sobrepeso en preescolares cubanos y su distribución geográfica por regiones del país. Métodos: la información se obtuvo de los sitios centinelas para la vigilancia nutricional materno-infantil. La selección de los sitios centinelas se realizó mediante criterio de expertos, los sitios se ubicaron en las áreas de mayor y menor índice de bajo peso al nacer de cada provincia. Se obtuvo información sobre la edad, sexo, lugar de residencia, categoría ocupacional de la madre, peso y talla. La valoración nutricional se realizó de acuerdo con las referencias de la OMS, que considera como sobrepeso todo niño con un peso para la talla o un índice de masa corporal para la edad superior a + 2 desviaciones típicas de la media de referencia. Se evaluó la concordancia de las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad al evaluar los niños con las normas cubanas y de la OMS. Se discuten los resultados y las diferencias encontradas en ambos períodos. Se comparan los períodos de 2002 y 2011. Resultados: la prevalencia de sobrepeso más obesidad en los niños evaluados en 2002 fue de 14,7 por ciento , y en 2011 fue de 17,4 por ciento. Se observa mayor prevalencia en 2011 en el sexo masculino, no se encontró asociación con la categoría ocupacional de la madre, como tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas al evaluar el sobrepeso y la obesidad sobre la base del índice de masa corporal para la edad y los Z-score de peso para la talla...


Introduction: overweight and obesity in children are reaching epidemic dimensions worldwide. Obesity is one of the main contributing factors to the global burden of chronic diseases, disability and extensive use of health services, hence the importance of preventing it since the earliest childhood. Objectives: to determine the progression of overweight prevalence in Cuban preschoolers and its geographic distribution throughout the country. Methods: data were collected from the sentinel sites for maternal and child nutritional surveillance. The selection of sentinel sites was based on expert criteria and they were placed in the highest and the lowest low birthweight index areas in each province. Several pieces of information about age, sex, place of residence, occupation category of the mother, weight and height were obtained. The nutritional assessment followed the WHO guidelines which consider every child with a weight for height or a body mass index for age exceeding + 2 typical deviations from the reference mean as overweighed child. The agreement between the prevalence of overweight and that of obesity were evaluated in children by using Cuban and WHO standards. The results achieved and the differences found in both periods were discussed. The periods of 2002 and 2011 were compared. Results: prevalence of overweight plus obesity in the children evaluated in 2002 was 14.7 percent whereas in 2011 was 17.4 percent . Increased prevalence was observed in 2011 in males; it was not associated to the occupational category of the mother; no significant differences were found when evaluating overweight and obesity according to the body mass index for age and weight for height Z-scores...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/prevention & control , Overweight/epidemiology , Food and Nutritional Surveillance/methods , Cuba/epidemiology , Nutritional Epidemiology
2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-173185

ABSTRACT

Acute gastrointestinal illness is an important public-health issue worldwide. Burden-of-illness studies have not previously been conducted in Cuba. The objective of the study was to determine the magnitude, distribution, and burden of self-reported acute gastrointestinal illness in Cuba. A retrospective, cross-sectional survey was conducted in three sentinel sites during June-July 2005 (rainy season) and during November 2005–January 2006 (dry season). Households were randomly selected from a list maintained by the medical offices in each site. One individual per household was selected to complete a questionnaire in a face-to-face interview. The case definition was three or more bouts of loose stools in a 24-hour period within the last 30 days. In total, 97.3% of 6,576 interviews were completed. The overall prevalence of acute gastrointestinal illness was 10.6%. The risk of acute gastrointestinal illness was higher during the rainy season (odds ratio [OR]=3.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.18-4.66) in children (OR=3.12, 95% CI 2.24-4.36) and teens (OR=2.27, 95% CI 1.51-3.41) compared to people aged 25-54 years, in males (OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.47), and in the municipality of Santiago de Cuba (OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.11-1.61). Of 680 cases, 17.1-38.1% visited a physician, depending on sentinel site. Of the cases who visited a physician, 33.3-53.9% were requested to submit a stool sample, and of those, 72.7-100.0% complied. Of the cases who sought medical care, 16.7- 61.5% and 0-31.6% were treated with antidiarrhoeals and antibiotics respectively. Acute gastrointestinal illness represented a substantial burden of health compared to developed countries. Targeting the identified risk factors when allocating resources for education, food safety, and infrastructure might lower the morbidity associated with acute gastrointestinal illness.

3.
Salud pública Méx ; 31(4): 493-502, jul.-ago. 1989. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-88627

ABSTRACT

Considerando que las instituciones de salud en Guerrero se encuentran en proceso de descentralización, se requiere de información a tiempo, detallada y no costosa, para la planificación de las acciones de salud. Se propone un sistema de medición cíclica en sitios centinela, donde se concentran los recursos de investigación. No son áreas piloto para intervenciones especiales, ni son instalaciones de salud, se seleccionaron por considerarlos representativos de las condiciones de salud en Guerrero. Durante los primeros dos años, se desarrollaron ciclos de investigación sobre las infecciones respiratorias agudas y diarreas en la población infantil, factores de riesgo y cuidados en la comunidad, el alacranismo y la prevalencia de la enfermedad de Chagas, el impacto de la vacuna antisarampión y la prevalencia de ruberculosis pulmonar. En la recolección y análisis se consideran tres categorías de datos (impacto, cobertura y costos). Su análisis temprano y divulgación en forma resumida, brinda información útil sobre la realidad en las comunidades para el proceso de planificación descentralizada


Subject(s)
Politics , Health Services Research , Health Facility Planning , Epidemiological Monitoring
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