Psychogenic Dermatitis In A Corgi Dog Treated By Injectable Homeopathy - Case Report

Skin problems in dogs represent a daily important casuistic in veterinary practices. They affect both young and adult animals and may have varied causes, challenging the correct diagnosis.Within this context, it should be emphasized the close coexistence and attachment to their owners who play a crucial role in the development and treatment of part of the so-called psychogenic dermatitis. This type of illness must be understood as a multifactorial problem that requires a lot from all parties involved to be an effective therapy for the patient. Several medicines are indicated for the treatment, but most of them cause long-term side effects. For these reasons, different therapies, such as homeopathy, should be considered as alternative treatments. This article aimed to report a psychogenic dermatitis case in a 10-year-old male dog suffering from separation anxiety, which led to the development of a compulsive licking behavior. The patient was treated with injectable homeopathic medicines, and excellent results were recorded in a short period.

Frecuencia de ansiedad y depresión en niñas y adolescentes de la casa de acogida "Miguel León" en el cantón Cuenca, Ecuador / Frequency of anxiety and depression in girls and adolescents from "Miguel León" foster home in Cuenca, Ecuador

INTRODUCCIÓN: La depresión y ansiedad son dos patologías de alto impacto personal, social y económico; su evolución se da en muchos casos desde edades tempranas. La violencia generada dentro del hogar puede provocar la separación de muchos NNA de su núcleo familiar; siendo enviados, la mayoría de las veces, a casas de acogida. Aquellos niños y adolescentes que se encuentran en casas de acogida, tienden a desarrollaron ansiedad, depresión y estrés y estos trastornos desencadenan en dificultades emocionales y mentales a lo largo de su vida. En este contexto, el principal objetivo de este trabajo fue dar a conocer la frecuencia de ansiedad y depresión en niñas y adolescentes de la casa de acogida "Miguel León" del cantón Cuenca, en el 2016, generando estadísticas que permitan sentar las bases para proyectos de protección y estudios futuros. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, transversal cuantitativo. Con una población de estudio de 35 niñas y adolescentes, en edades de 5 a 18 años, de una casa de acogida. Para la recolección de datos se usaron, la Escala de Ansiedad Infantil de SPENCE y el Inventario CDI. El procesamiento se realizó mediante el programa Microsoft Excel 2010 y el software SPSS 15.0. Los datos se presentan en tablas y gráficos mediante frecuencias y porcentajes. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia de ansiedad fue de 22.86% y la frecuencia de depresión del 17.14%. El rango de edad más prevalente para ambas patologías fue de 10 a 14 años con 62.5% y 50% respectivamente. Tanto en el grupo de NNA con ansiedad como en el grupo con depresión el tiempo de estancia en la casa de acogida fue de 0 a 6 meses para la mayoría (50 y 66.67% respectivamente). CONCLUSIÓN: La frecuencia de depresión en niñas de 5 a 18 años de edad en la casa de acogida fue de 17.14%. La frecuencia de ansiedad en niñas de 5 a 18 años de edad en la casa de acogida fue del 22.86%, valores inferiores a los encontrados en otros estudios. El rango de edad en el que estas enfermedades fueron más prevalentes fue de 10-14 años. Ambos trastornos fueron más prevalentes cuanto menor fue el tiempo de estadía en la casa de acogida.

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are two pathologies of great personal, social and economic impact; in many cases both have an early onset. Domestic violence can separate children and adolescents from their families; being sent, most of the times, to foster homes. Children and adolescents in foster homes tend to develop anxiety, depression and stress triggering lifelong emotional and mental difficulties. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anxiety and depression in girls and female adolescents from "Miguel León" Shelter, Cuenca, during 2016, creating statistical data that will allow setting protection projects and future studies. METHODS: Descriptive, quantitative cross-sectional study. The study population was stablished with 35 girls and adolescents, aged 5 to 18 years, from a foster home. For data collection, the SPENCE Child Anxiety Scale and the CDI Inventory were applied. Data was processed with Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 15.0. Data is presented in charts and graphics using frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: The frequency of anxiety was 22.86% and the frequent of depression was 17.14%. The most prevalent age range for both pathologies was 10 to 14 years old with 62.5% and 50% respectively. In both groups, diagnosed with anxiety and diagnosed with depression, the length of stay in the foster home was 0 to 6 months for the majority of the population ( 50 and 66.67% respectively). CONCLUSIÓN: The frequency of depression in girls aged 5 to 18 years, was 17.14%. The frequency of anxiety in girls aged from 5 to 18 years in the foster home was 22.86%, values lower than those found in other studies. The age range in which both diseases were most prevalent was, 10-14 years old. Both disorders were more prevalent the shorter the time spent in the foster home.

Research progress in the relationship between panic disorder and childhood trauma / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

As a common mental disorder, panic disorder (PD) repeats unpredictably and negatively, influencing social function and life quality of patients. With the increasingly fierce social environment, the incidence of PD has been increasing year by year which accounts for an increasing proportion of the global burden of disease. In recent years, research on the relationship between childhood trauma and PD has been increasing, which included the impact of multiple aspects of physical or emotional abuse, physical or emotional neglect, sexual abuse, and family dysfunction on PD. And as a predictor of PD, separation anxiety in childhood is closely related to PD. This paper reviews the research progress of childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and separation from parents of PD patients.

Psychoanalytic therapy for a child with somnambulism: a case report / 南方医科大学学报

Somnambulism is defined as a state of dissociated consciousness triggered by impaired arousal, which results in partial wakefulness and partial sleep. No effective therapy or medication has been available for treating children with somnambulism. Herein we present a case in a 4.5-year-old girl, who presented with somnambulism associated with separation anxiety disorder every night in a week. The girl received formal assessment and appropriate interventions, and the symptoms disappeared within a week. The treatment was carried out in 5 stages: diagnosis of the disease, establishment of trust, information collection, supervision, and individualized psychotherapy. Although dreams in childhood can be difficult to interpret, close observation of the behaviors in sleepwalking, as a special form of dream, in addition to the more precise description by the guardians, still provides useful clues to understand those dreams. For children with somnambulism, early intervention with psychotherapy can significantly decrease the false revival of the unconscious desires, and thus may serve as a treatment option other than medications.

Actualización en Trastornos Ansiosos en niños y adolescentes: Ansiedad de Separación-Ansiedad Social-Ansiedad Generalizada / Update on anxious disorders in children and adolescents: separation anxiety-social anxiety-generalized anxiety

Resumen: Los trastornos ansiosos en niños y adolescentes tienen una prevalencia de vida de un 15-20%, con una edad promedio de comienzo de 11 años (1). En Chile la prevalencia en la población general es de 8,3 %. Trastorno por Ansiedad de Separación (TAS) 4,8% Ansiedad social (TA social) 3,7% y Ansiedad Generalizada (TAG) 3,2% (2). Es así como TAS, TA social y TAG están dentro de las enfermedades de salud mental más frecuentes en este grupo etario, tienen una menor edad de comienzo que otros trastornos psiquiátricos internalizantes, están asociados con un gran impacto en la funcionalidad y tienden a persistir hacia la adultez (3). Si estos trastornos ocurren en la infancia y/o adolescencia predicen la ocurrencia de otros trastornos en la adultez, como: trastornos ansiosos, del ánimo, abuso de sustancias y conducta disruptiva.TAS, TASocial y TAG constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de trastornos con síntomas que se sobreponen (síntomas somáticos, dificultades para dormir, conductas evitativas), están frecuentemente en comorbilidad y tienen una respuesta positiva al tratamiento con terapia cognitivo conductual y fármacos antidepresivos (3). La detección temprana y el tratamiento de los trastornos ansiosos en niños y adolescentes puede prevenir el impacto sustancial en el desarrollo y la funcionalidad; el tratamiento precoz también puede prevenir el posterior desarrollo de trastornos psiquiátricos en el adulto (3). Palabras Clave: trastornos ansiosos, ansiedad de separación, ansiedad social, ansiedad generalizada, ansiedad infantil

Abstract: Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents have a life prevalence of 15-20%, with an average presentation age of 11 years (1). In Chile the prevalence in the general population is 8.3%; separation anxiety disorder (TAS) 4.8% social anxiety (social TA) 3.7% and generalized anxiety (TAG) 3.2%. (2). TAS, social TA and TAG are within the most common mental health disorders in this age group, have a younger age of onset than other psychiatric disorders, are internalizing disorders, are associated with a major impact on functionality and they tend to persist into adulthood (3). When these disorders appear in childhood or adolescence, they predict the occurrence of other disorders in adulthood, such as: anxiety, mood, substance abuse and disruptive behavior disorders. TAS, social TA and TAG constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders with symptoms that overlap (somatic symptoms, difficulty sleeping and avoidant behavior), they are frequently comorbid and have a positive response to treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant drugs (3). Early detection and treatment of anxious disorders in children and adolescents can prevent the substantial impact on development and functionality; early treatment can also prevent further development of psychiatric disorders in adults (3). Key Words: anxiety disorders, separation anxiety, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, childhood anxiety.

Problemáticas en la separación desde la teoría de los fenómenos transicionales en niño con diagnóstico de trastorno de ansiedad por separación / Problemáticas na separação a partir da teoria dos fenômenos transicionais em uma criança com diagnóstico de transtorno de ansiedade por separação / Separation difficulties analyzed in the light of the transitional phenomena theory in a child diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder / Problèmes de séparation analysés selon la théorie des phénomènes transitionnels chez un enfant diagnostiqué d'anxiété de séparation

Esta investigación comprende un estudio de caso único, por lo tanto, no pretende dar una explicación generalizable. Sin embargo, contribuye como caso ejemplar que puede evocar en el lector otros casos clínicos con similitudes y, al mismo tiempo, ilustrar desarrollos teóricos difundidos. La presente investigación, supone la existencia de una relación entre las problemáticas en la separación y la experiencia de lo transicional en la díada y contribuye a la comprensión de esta relación desde la teoría de los fenómenos transicionales de Winnicott.

Esta pesquisa é de um estudo de caso único. Portanto, não pretende dar uma explicação generalizada. Contribui, porém, como um caso exemplar que pode estimular a memória dos leitores que tenham casos similares, e também, ao mesmo tempo, ajuda a ilustrar o desenvolvimento teórico. Esta pesquisa demonstra a relação entre os problemas da separação e a experiência dessa relação no dia a dia e contribui para a compreensão dessa relação a partir da teoria dos fenômenos transicionais de Winnicott.

This research is based on a unique case report, therefore it does not intend to provide a generalizable explanation, but it contributes with an exemplary case that could stimulate readers to remember similar cases, also helping to illustrate the theoretical development. This research shows the relation between separation difficulties and the transitional experience in the maternal-infant relationship, and contributes to the comprehension of this relationship based on Winnicott's transitional phenomena theory.

Cet article présente une étude de cas unique et n'a donc pas l'intention de fournir une explication généralisée. Cependant, il représente un cas exemplaire qui pourrait évoquer chez le lecteur d'autres cas cliniques similaires et il permet, à la fois, d'illustrer le développement de théories existantes. Cette étude décrit le rapport entre les problèmes de séparation et l'expérience de ce rapport dans la vie quotidienne. Il contribue d'ailleurs à la compréhension de ce rapport à partir de la théorie des phénomènes transitionnels de Winnicott.

Dieser Artikel analysiert eine Einzelfallstudie und dessen Schlussfolgerungen können daher nicht verallgemeinert werden. Ziel ist es, eine Parallele zu ähnlichen Fällen zu ziehen und seine theoretische Entwicklung zu beschreiben. Der Artikel beschreibt das Verhältnis zwischen Trennungsschwierigkeiten und die Erfahrung dieser Beziehung im Alltag. Er trägt somit zum Verständnis dieser Beziehung bei, basierend auf Winnicotts Theorie der Übergangsphänomene.

Evaluation of effects of olfactory and auditory stimulation on separation anxiety by salivary cortisol measurement in dogs

Separation anxiety (SA) is a serious behavioral problem in dogs. In this study, salivary cortisol was studied to determine if the owner's odor or voice could reduce SA in dogs. Twenty-eight dogs with SA were divided into three groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (with owner's clothes during the separation period; SP) and group 3 (a recording of the owner's voice was played during SP). The dog's saliva was collected after the owner and their dog were in the experimental room for 5 min (PRE). The dog was then separated from the owner for 20 min and saliva collected four times at intervals of 5 min (SP1-4). Finally, the owner was allowed back into the room to calm the dog for 5 min, after which saliva was collected (POST). Evaluation of salivary cortisol concentrations by ELISA revealed that the ratios of SP1 concentration to PRE or POST concentrations were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 or 3. Additionally, the concentrations of SP1-PRE and SP1-POST among groups differed significantly. These findings indicate that the owner's odor or voice may be helpful to managing stress in dogs with SA.

The effect of ketamine on the separation anxiety and emergence agitation in children undergoing brief ophthalmic surgery under desflurane general anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Emergence agitation (EA) frequently occurs after desflurane anesthesia in children. Ketamine, because of its sedative and analgesic properties, might be useful for the management of separation anxiety and EA. We investigated the preventive effect of ketamine on separation anxiety and EA after desflurane anesthesia in children for brief ophthalmic surgery. METHODS: Sixty children, ranging in age from 2-8 years old, undergoing brief ophthalmic surgery were randomly allocated to one of the 3 groups: group C received normal saline, group K1.0 received ketamine 1.0 mg/kg intravenously before entering the operating room, or group K0.5 received ketamine 0.5 mg/kg 10 min before the end of the surgery. Before induction, the separation anxiety score was evaluated. Extubation time, post-anesthesia care unit stay time, postoperative nausea and vomiting, emergence agitation, and pain were assessed. RESULTS: The group K1.0 had a lower separation anxiety score compared with groups K0.5 and C. Extubation time in group K0.5 was significantly prolonged compared with groups K1.0 and C. The incidence of EA and the modified Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale were significantly lower in group K1.0 and group K0.5 compared to group C, but there was no significant difference between groups K1.0 and K0.5. CONCLUSIONS: In children undergoing brief ophthalmic surgery with desflurane anesthesia, ketamine 1.0 mg/kg administered before entering the operating room reduced separation anxiety, postoperative pain, and incidence of EA without delay in recovery.

Sessões termináveis e intermináveis: reflexões sobre o uso temporal do encontro analítico / Sessions terminables and interminables: thoughts on time usage of the analytic encounter / Sesiones terminables e interminables: reflexiones sobre el uso temporal del encuentro analitico

Através de quatro situações clínicas ocorridas nos minutos finais de sessões com diferentes pacientes, o presente artigo lança-se a algumas reflexões relativas ao término (provisório) do encontro analítico. Na exploração do fenômeno, encontram-se convergências entre questões intimamente associadas ao fim da sessão, tais como destrutividade, angústia de separação e castração. Por fim, as considerações sobre a temporalidade na sessão de análise e o lugar do analista frente ao seu término apontam também para possíveis entraves relacionados a essa separação, reconhecendo desse modo encontros que podem chegar a seu termo espontaneamente, e outros que não.

This article proposes a few considerations on the (provisory) end of the analytic encounter through four clinical situations that occurred in the final minutes of sessions with different patients. In exploring this phenomenon, convergences are found between matters closely associated with session endings, such as destructiveness, separation anxiety, and castration. Finally, further thoughts on analytic session’s temporality and the analyst place towards its end also indicates possible difficulties related to this separation, thus recognizing encounters that finish spontaneously, and others that don’t.

En el presente artículo se establecen algunas reflexiones relativas al término (provisorio) del encuentro analítico a través de cuatro situaciones clínicas que ocurrieron en los minutos finales de las sesiones con diferentes pacientes. En la exploración del fenómeno, encontramos la convergencia entre cuestiones estrechamente relacionadas al fin de las sesiones, tal como la destructividad, la ansiedad de separación y la castración. Finalmente, consideraciones sobre la temporalidad en la sesión de análisis y el lugar del analista frente al término, también apuntan a posibles dificultades relacionadas con la separación, reconociendo así encuentros que pueden o no espontáneamente llegar a su fin.

Estudo exploratório da síndrome de ansiedade de separação em cães de apartamento / Exploratory study of separation anxiety syndrome in apartment dogs

A síndrome de ansiedade de separação em animais é um distúrbio de comportamento caracterizado, em cães, por comportamentos indesejados manifestados por esses animais quando afastados de suas figuras de apego. Este trabalho buscou caracterizar o problema na população de cães residentes em apartamento de um bairro no Município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), por meio de uma pesquisa de campo por meio de dois questionários, um para identificação da síndrome de ansiedade de separação (QI-SASA) e outro questionário de apoio. Nessa população, 55,9 por cento dos cães apresentaram seus sinais característicos, sendo as manifestações mais frequentes as vocalizações excessivas (53,8 por cento), os comportamentos destrutivos (46,1 por cento) e os comportamentos depressivos (34,6 por cento). Os resultados também sugerem um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida dos proprietários dos cães que desenvolvem a SASA.

Separation anxiety syndrome in animals is a behavioral disorder characterized by undesirable wanted behaviour showed by dogs when they are away from their attachment figures. In this study, with the goal of understanding the syndrome in indoor dogs from a suburb of the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), two questionnaires were used: a questionnaire to identify separation anxiety syndrome in animals (QI-SASA) and a questionnaire of support. In the surveyed population, 55.9 percent of the dogs presented clinical signs of SASA, being the most frequent excessive vocalizations (53.8 percent), destructive behaviours (46.1 percent), and depressive behaviour (34.6 percent). The results also suggest a negative impact on the life quality of the owners and dogs.

Construção e validação de um questionário para identificação da Síndrome de Ansiedade de Separação em cães domésticos / Development and Validation of a questionnaire to identify Separation Anxiety Syndrome in domestic dogs

Em cães, a Síndrome de Ansiedade de Separação em Animais (SASA) pode ser definida como um conjunto de comportamentos indesejáveis exibidos por esses animais quando afastados da figura de apego. A partir da necessidade de um levantamento epidemiológico sobre esse problema, foi desenvolvido um questionário para identificação da SASA em cães (QI-SASA) com base em dados da literatura e validado por meio de dois procedimentos. O primeiro foi a comparação entre pareceres de médicos veterinários brasileiros que atuam na área de etologia clínica a respeito de 40 QI-SASA respondidos por proprietários de cães. O segundo foi a comparação dos resultados da avaliação de 40 QI-SASA, a partir dos critérios estabelecidos neste trabalho, com o resultado de entrevistas para o diagnóstico da SASA. O QI-SASA mostrou-se completo, coerente e confiável com a finalidade de um levantamento epidemiológico do problema.

The Separation Anxiety Syndrome in Animals (SASA) and being more specific, in dogs, can be defined as a group of undesirable behaviors displayed by dogs when they are away from the attachment subject. The questionnaire was developed due to the need to identify this disorder and conduct an epidemiologic survey on SASA in dogs (QI-SASA). This instrument was developed based on reference data and was validated through two procedures. The first one was the comparison among evaluations of Brazilian ethologists on the appliance of 40 QI-SASA to dogs' owners. The second was the comparison between the previous evaluations, according to the criteria established in this research, with the results of the interviews to diagnose SASA. The QI-SASA seems to be a complete, safe and trustworthy tool to carry out epidemiologic surveys on SASA.

Ansiedad de separación y conflictos de apego: una mirada transgeneracional en psicoterapia psicoanalitica del niño y sus padres / Anxiety separation and attachment conflicts: a transgenerational viewing psychoanalytic therapy of parents and sons

Se describe una experiencia clínica que permite apreciar cómo en una familia se han desarrollado problemas de apego y ansiedades de separación entre padres e hijos. El tratamiento se lleva a cabo en dos etapas, en la primera se realiza una terapia psicoanalítica de juego con un niño de 6 años y en la segunda una terapia de juego vincular con la madre y la hija de 4 años. En ambas etapas se realiza simultáneamente un trabajo con los padres, con quienes se explora y analiza la naturaleza relacional y transgeneracional de los conflictos de apego y separación que los hijos están presentando en el curso de su desarrollo y crecimiento psicológico.

A clinical experience where it is possible to see how a family has developed separation anxiety and attachment problems between parents and sons. The treatment develops in two stages, in the first a psychoanalytic play therapy is done with a six year old boy. in the second stage a bondage therapist works with the parents with whom they analyze the relational and intergenerational conflicts of attachments and separation anxieties which they are presenting during the course of psychological development of their sons.

A Case of Antipsychotic-Regression Syndrome in Haloperidol Treated Tourette's Syndrome

Authors report a case of separation anxiety disorder, which developed as a side effect during haloperidol treatment of Tourette syndromes(TS). In this case, 14 years old boys developed attention deficit symptoms during his infancy. At 4th grade of primary school, he developed vocal tic, motor tic, and coprolalia. With 5mg/day of haloperidol treatment his symptoms of TS were subsided. During the treatment, he developed features of separation anxiety disorder, including dependence, pleading, clinging, and sadness. Symptoms of attention deficit and separation anxiety disorder were improved by 25mg/day of imipramine treatment. During haloperidol treatment of TS, careful observation may be needed whether separation anxiety disorder-like symptom develops.