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@#Objective To investigate the surgical strategies and clinical efficacy of transmitral septal myectomy in the treatment of recurrent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) after alcohol septal ablation. Methods The clinical data of patients with recurrent LVOTO after alcohol septal ablation from July 2020 to July 2021 in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were preoperatively evaluated by echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac computed tomography, 3D modeling and printing technology. A personalized surgical strategy was preoperatively developed according to multimodality imaging assessment, while visual exploration was performed on the digital model and simulated surgical resection was performed on the printed model. Results Two female patients were enrolled, aged 62 years and 64 years, respectively. Totally endoscopic transmitral extended myectomy was successfully performed on both patients with aortic cross-clamping time of 96 min and 85 min, respectively. LVOTO was relieved immediately (subaortic peak pressure gradient decreased from 100 mm Hg to 4 mm Hg and from 84 mm Hg to 6 mm Hg, respectively) and the mitral regurgitation significantly improved after the procedure. No patient had complete atrioventricular block or required permanent pacemaker implantation. The patients were discharged uneventfully without postoperative complications. Conclusion Personalized totally endoscopic transmitral extended myectomy combined with multimodality imaging assessment and 3D modeling and printing has an acceptable clinical effect in patients with recurrent LVOTO after alcohol septal ablation. The procedure can precisely resect the hypertrophic septal myocardium while avoiding serious complications such as septal perforation or complete atrioventricular block.
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Objective:To evaluate the early effects of combined transaortic and transapical approach to septal myectomy in patients with complex hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy(HOCM).Methods:We consecutively enrolled 20 complex HOCM patients who received transaortic and transapical myectomy in fuwai hospital from January 2019 to October 2019. Echocardiography was performed to compare left atrial size, left ventricular end diastolic diameter, peak left ventricular outflow gradient, ventricular septal thickness, mitral systolic anterior motion and mitral regurgitation grade before and after operation. Furthermore, pre-operative and post-operative electrocardiogram were also analyzed to determine the incidence of bundle branch block. Functional status was evaluated by New York Heart Association functional class.Results:Of the 20 complex hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients, 7(35%) HOCM patients with long-segment septal hypertrophy more than 7cm, 4(20%) patients had both mid-ventricular obstruction and left ventricular outflow obstruction. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with LOVT obstruction was observed in 5 patients(25%) and aneurysm was found in 4(20%) HOCM patients. Postoperative thickness of ventricular septum was significantly decreased compared with that of preoperation[(21.1±3.6)mm vs.(13.4±3.1)mm]. Peak LOVT gradient or mid-ventricular gradient also significantly reduced after operation[(77.0±21.0) mmHg vs.(9.2±3.4) mmHg] or [(71.0±23.0) mmHg vs. 0 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa]; After surgery, mitral systolic anterior motion disappeared, mitral regurgitation degree reduced from (1.9±1.5) to (0.2±0.4); NYHA class improved from(2.1±0.2) to(1.3±0.5). New incidence of left bundle branch block occurred in 9 patients, and 1 patient developed complete bundle branch block and implanted permanent pacemaker. The 30-day survival was 100%.Conclusion:Combined transaortic and transapical septal myectomy is an effective and reasonably safe procedure for patients with complex hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
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Resumen: La miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) constituye una enfermedad compleja y muy variable en cuanto a su presentación morfológica, fisiopatológica y sintomática, así como en su pronóstico. Su intrincado sustrato genético ha sido objeto de una permanente y productiva investigación en las últimas décadas. En correspondencia con esta complejidad, su manejo clínico representa un desafío, aun para los cardiólogos más experimentados. La presente controversia comienza con una valiosa actualización por parte del Dr. Walter Reyes sobre la valoración del riesgo individual de muerte súbita en el paciente portador de esta patología, sin duda el más temido evento que pueda presentarse durante su transcurso. En este abordaje se podrá apreciar la evolución de los conceptos, desde la aplicación de los clásicos factores de riesgo obtenidos de los primeros estudios en poblaciones más o menos seleccionadas, hasta las recomendaciones más recientes de la American Heart Association y la European Society of Cardiology, capitalizando la nueva información. Luego, como es habitual y dado el objetivo esencialmente práctico de esta sección, se propone una viñeta sobre un caso de MCH obstructiva en la que el autor aplica, a forma de ejercicio clínico, la información brindada en la revisión previa. A continuación se plantea la controversia propiamente dicha, donde el debate se centra en la elección de la técnica más apropiada de reducción septal en el caso propuesto, cuyas características apuntan a la necesidad de un abordaje invasivo. Dos prestigiosos invitados exponen sus argumentos en favor de cada alternativa. El Dr. Hartzell Shaff propone la miectomía septal quirúrgica como el procedimiento más adecuado, y el Dr. Pedro Trujillo plantea la ablación septal percutánea como solución de elección. El desarrollo de ambas exposiciones permitirá al lector apreciar la importancia de un enfoque individualizado, dada la riqueza de información clínica, anatomofuncional y propia de cada procedimiento que se requiere para inclinar la balanza en favor de uno u otro. Ambos autores coinciden en el beneficio de contar con un equipo especializado y experimentado para la obtención de buenos resultados con cualquiera de las técnicas.
Summary: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a complex and highly variable disease in terms of morphological, pathophysiological and symptomatic presentation, as well as in its prognosis. Its intricate genetic substrate has been subject of permanent research in recent decades. Corresponding to this complexity, its clinical management represents a challenge, even for the most experienced cardiologists. The present controversy begins with a valuable update by Dr. Walter Reyes about assessment of individual risk of sudden death in the patient with this disease, without doubt the most feared event that may occur during its course. In this approach, evolution of concepts can be appreciated, from the application of the classic risk factors obtained from the first studies, to the most recent recommendations of the American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology. Since the practical objective of this section, a clinical case is proposed on an obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in which the author applies, as a clinical exercise, the information provided in the previous review. Next, the controversy itself arises, where the debate focuses on the choice of the most appropriate septal reduction technique. Two prestigious guests present their arguments in favour of each alternative. Prof. Hartzell Shaff proposes surgical septal myectomy as the most appropriate procedure, and Dr. Pedro Trujillo proposes percutaneous septal ablation as the solution of choice. The exposures will allow the reader to appreciate the importance of an individualized approach, given the amount of clinical, anatomic, functional and specific information of each procedure that is required to tip the balance in favour of one or the other. Both authors agree on the benefit of having a specialized and experienced team to obtain good results with any of the techniques.
Resumo: A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica é uma doença complexa e altamente variável em termos de apresentação morfológica, fisiopatológica e sintomática, bem como em seu prognóstico. Seu intrincado substrato genético tem sido objeto de pesquisa permanente nas últimas décadas. Correspondendo a essa complexidade, seu manejo clínico representa um desafio, mesmo para os cardiologistas mais experientes. A presente controvérsia começa com uma atualização valiosa do Dr. Walter Reyes sobre a avaliação do risco individual de morte súbita no paciente com esta doença, sem dúvida o evento mais temido que pode ocorrer durante seu curso. Nessa abordagem, a evolução dos conceitos pode ser apreciada, desde a aplicação dos fatores de risco clássicos obtidos nos primeiros estudos, até as recomendações mais recentes da American Heart Association e da European Society of Cardiology. Como o objetivo prático desta seção, é proposto um caso clínico em uma cardiomiopatia hipertrófica obstrutiva, no qual o autor aplica, como exercício clínico, as informações fornecidas na revisão anterior. Em seguida, surge a própria controvérsia, onde o debate se concentra na escolha da técnica de redução septal mais apropriada. Dois convidados de prestígio apresentam seus argumentos em favor de cada alternativa. O professor Hartzell Shaff propõe a miectomia septal cirúrgica como o procedimento mais apropriado e o Dr. Pedro Trujillo propõe a ablação septal percutânea como a solução de escolha. As exposições permitirão ao leitor apreciar a importância de uma abordagem individualizada, dada a quantidade de informações clínicas, anatômicas, funcionais e específicas de cada procedimento, necessárias para inclinar a balança em favor de uma ou de outra. Ambos os autores concordam com o benefício de ter uma equipe especializada e experiente para obter bons resultados com qualquer uma das técnicas.
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Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcome of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy(HOCM) after percutaneous transluminal septal ablation(PTSMA). Methods: HOCM patients who underwent PTSMA and surgical myectomy at the Chest Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from April 2001 to February 2019 were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients were divided into PTSMA group and surgical myectomy group. In addition, patients undergoing PTSMA were further divided into HOCM-PTSMA non-survivor group and HOCM-PTSMA survivor group. The general clinical information, procedural/surgical information and complications during hospitalization were compared between groups. Multivariate Cox regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors for all-cause death in HOCM patients after PTSMA. Results: A total of 104 patients with HOCM who underwent PTSMA were enrolled. Mean age of the patients was (54±15) years old, including 41 females (38.7%). The follow-up time was 37.5(14.3, 76.8) months. At the last follow-up, 12 patients died (HOCM-PTSMA non-survivor group) and 92 were alive(HOCM-PTSMA survivor group). The proportion of patients with NYHA function class Ⅲ/Ⅳ was higher(P=0.036), and the posterior wall of the left ventricle was thicker(P=0.006) in the HOCM-PTSMA non-survivor group than in the HOCM-PTSMA survivor group. The immediate success rate of PTSMA in this cohort was 66%(70/104). The amount of absolute alcohol during the operation in the HOCM-PTSMA non-survivor group was (2.9±0.8) ml, which tended to be higher as compared to that in the HOCM-PTSMA survivor group((2.4±1.0)ml, P=0.056). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that patients with HOCM who underwent PTSMA had an all-cause mortality-free survival rate of 90.1%, 78.3%, and 56.9% at 5, 10 and 15 years, and a HOCM-free survival rate of 91.3%, 79.4% and 57.7% at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age≥ 65 years was an independent risk factor for all-cause death after PTSMA in patients with HOCM (HR=2.697, 95%CI 1.292-18.977, P=0.020). There were 32 patients in the surgical myectomy group. The proportion of patients with NYHA function class Ⅲ/Ⅳ was higher than that in the PTSMA group(P<0.001), while age, gender, and major comorbidities(atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes) as well as the left atrium dimension were all similar between the two groups(all P>0.05). Patients in the surgical myectomy group were followed up for 38.0(17.6, 64.2)months, and no deaths occurred during the follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in all-cause-free and HOCM-free survival rates between patients in PTSMA group and surgical myectomy group(P=0.089 and 0.110, respectively). Conclusion: PTSMA is safe and effective for the treatment of patients with HOCM, and the long-term survival rate of patients after PTSMA is similar as patients undergoing classical surgical myectomy surgery.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/surgery , Catheter Ablation , China , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Septum , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective@#To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of 18 cases of severe aortic stenosis with ventricular septum hypertrophy.@*Methods@#Clinical data of 18 patients with severe aortic stenosis admitted to the first affiliated hospital of zhengzhou university from January 2013 to December 2016 were collected. There were 7 males and 11 females. The mean age was (50.4±4.2) years old. All patients were diagnosed with severe stenosis of main artery valve by echocardiography before surgery, with mean aortic valve orifice area (0.57±0.11) cm2, cardiac function (NYHA classification) grade Ⅱ in 4 patients, grade Ⅲ in 9 patients, and grade Ⅳ in 5 patients. There were 8 patients with mild aortic valve insufficiency, 4 patients with mild to moderate mitral valve insufficiency, 2 patients with moderate to severe aortic valve insufficiency, 3 patients with ascending aorta dilatation (ascending aorta inner diameter>4.5 cm), and 1 patient with atrial fibrillation. Interventricular septum thickness (15.82±2.04)mm, left ventricular posterior wall thickness (14.04±1.28)mm, ratio of interventricular septum thickness to left ventricular posterior wall thickness (IVS/LVPW) 1.12±0.91, inner diameter of left ventricular outflow tract (19.01±1.74)mm, cross-lobe differential pressure (102±8.40) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) mean 0.49±0.05. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (53.33±4.00) mm, left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) (27.11±1.99) mm, and left ventricular mass index (277.1±37.3) g/m2. All patients underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) and partial interventricular septum resection under general anesthesia and conventional extracorporeal circulation, 2 patients underwent mitral valve formation (artificial valve ring), 2 patients underwent ascending aorta formation, and 1 patient underwent ascending aorta wrapping. During the operation, the time of extracorporeal circulation, aortic occlusion, number of defibrillation during the operation, type of valve implantation and postoperative complications were recorded. Regular follow-up was conducted to analyze the changes of various indexes at different preoperative and postoperative time.@*Results@#There was no death in the whole group. 2 patients were treated with temporary pacemakers. After drug treatment, sinus rhythm was restored on the 3rd and 6th day after surgery, and temporary pacemakers were removed. Echocardiography reexamination 1 week after the operation showed that all patients had a good artificial valve function and 2 patients had minor regurgitation of mitral valve. The difference in pressure across the valve, inner diameter of the left ventricular outflow tract, cardiac function classification, ventricular septum thickness, valve orifice area, and left ventricular mass index were significantly improved compared with the preoperative level (P<0.05). LVEF, LVEDD, and LVESD were compared with the preoperative level (P<0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the difference in LVEF and LVEDD was statistically significant compared with the preoperative level (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Severe aortic stenosis combined with ventricular septum hypertrophy and partial ventricular septal muscle resection is a simple additional procedure in the AVR process, which does not increase the surgical risk and has a significant effect, and is conducive to postoperative left ventricular function recovery.
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Objective To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of 18 cases of severe aortic stenosis with ventricular septum hypertrophy.Methods Clinical data of 18 patients with severe aortic stenosis admitted to the first affiliated hospital of zhengzhou university from January 2013 to December 2016 were collected.There were 7 males and 11 females.The mean age was (50.4 ±4.2) years old.All patients were diagnosed with severe stenosis of main artery valve by echocardiography before surgery,with mean aortic valve orifice area (0.57 ±0.11) cm2,cardiac function (NYHA classification) grade Ⅱ in 4 patients,grade Ⅲ in 9 patients,and grade ⅣV in 5 patients.There were 8 patients with mild aortic valve insufficiency,4 patients with mild to moderate mitral valve insufficiency,2 patients with moderate to severe aortic valve insufficiency,3 patients with ascending aorta dilatation (ascending aorta inner diameter ＞ 4.5 cm),and 1 patient with atrial fibrillation.Interventricular septum thickness (15.82 ± 2.04) mm,left ventricular posterior wall thickness (14.04 ± 1.28) mm,ratio of interventricular septum thickness to left ventricular posterior wall thickness (IVS/LVPW) 1.12 ±0.91,inner diameter of left ventricular outflow tract (19.01 ± 1.74) mm,cross-lobe differential pressure (102 ± 8.40) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) mean 0.49 ± 0.05.Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (53.33 ± 4.00)mm,left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) (27.11 ± 1.99) mm,and left ventricular mass index (277.1 ± 37.3) g/m2.All patients underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) and partial interventricular septum resection under general anesthesia and conventional extracorporeal circulation,2 patients underwent mitral valve formation (artificial valve ring),2 patients underwent ascending aorta formation,and 1 patient underwent ascending aorta wrapping.During the operation,the time of extracorporeal circulation,aortic occlusion,number of defibrillation during the operation,type of valve implantation and postoperative complications were recorded.Regular follow-up was conducted to analyze the changes of various indexes at different preoperative and postoperative time.Results There was no death in the whole group.2 patients were treated with temporary pacemakers.After drug treatment,sinus rhythm was restored on the 3rd and 6th day after surgery,and temporary pacemakers were removed.Echocardiography reexamination 1 week after the operation showed that all patients had a good artificial valve function and 2 patients had minor regurgitation of mitral valve.The difference in pressure across the valve,inner diameter of the left ventricular outflow tract,cardiac function classification,ventricular septum thickness,valve orifice area,and left ventricular mass index were significantly improved compared with the preoperative level (P ＜ 0.05).LVEF,LVEDD,and LVESD were compared with the preoperative level (P ＜ 0.05).After 6 months of follow-up,the difference in LVEF and LVEDD was statistically significant compared with the preoperative level (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Severe aortic stenosis combined with ventricular septum hypertrophy and partial ventricular septal muscle resection is a simple additional procedure in the AVR process,which does not increase the surgical risk and has a significant effect,and is conducive to postoperative left ventricular function recovery.
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A 43-year-old man with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) was admitted to our hospital with aggravated exertional dyspnea and successfully treated with robotic transmitral septal myectomy. Minimally invasive transmitral septal myectomy may be a feasible surgical option for the treatment of HOCM in selected cases as an alternative to transaortic myectomy.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic , Dyspnea , Minimally Invasive Surgical ProceduresABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the intro-operative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for extended septal myectomy in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyophathy (HCM). Methods: A total of 56 obstructive HCM patients with extended septal myectomy in our hospital from 2012-01 to 2012-12 were retrospectively studied. The results of pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography, intro-operative TEE and post-operative transthoracic echocardiography were analyzed and compared. Results: There were 36 male and 20 female patients with the average age of (46.1 ± 11.3) years. The pre-operative width of inter ventricular septal was (26.1 ± 6.9) mm, left ventricular outlfow tract (LVOT) pressure gradient was (87.5 ± 12.5) mmHg. All patients received successful operation, no in-hospital death, no TEE related complication. The removed ventricular septal thickness was at (10.7 ± 2.1) mm, length at (39.1±5.5) mm. Compared with pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography, TEE indicated the immediate drop of post-operative LVOT peak velocity (4.57 ± 0.99)m/s vs (1.68±0.46)m/s and LVOT peak gradient (87.5 ± 34.4) vs (11.3 ± 7.0) mmHg, both P Conclusion: TEE is safe for extended septal myectomy in obstructive HCM patients. It may pre-operatively identify the cause and degree of MR, evaluate the post-operative improvement of LVOT obstruction and MR. Meanwhile, TEE may ifnd the surgical complication for in time correction in relevant patients.
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Septal myectomy and mitral valve surgery are performed for the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) ; however, there is a debate as to which is the better option. In this paper, we report on the eventless postoperative course of a patient who underwent septal myectomy and mitral valve replacement simultaneously to treat HOCM accompanied by severe mitral regurgitation. A 75-year-old woman was referred to our department for severe mitral regurgitation accompanied by exertional dyspnea; we observed systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet and a left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient of 130 mmHg that was not decreased by DDD pacing. A 15×6×15-mm rectangular parallele pipe-shaped section of the hypertrophied basal septum was resected via a transaortic approach. In addition, mitral valve replacement with a 25-mm SJM was performed during the same procedure, as lesions were observed in the mitral valve. After surgery, the left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient decreased by 12.5 mmHg. Necessary and sufficient resection of the hypertrophied basal septum, after careful preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of the extent of myocardial resection and mitral valve lesions is important for improving left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient in HOCM. Mitral valve replacement should also be performed, if necessary, to treat mitral valve lesions.