ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Supratrochlear foramen (STF) is a perforation of bony wall that separates the olecranon fossa and the coronoid fossa. Its incidence varies among different races. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and morphometry of supratrochlear foramen among Thai population. A total of 640 dry humeri from 320 skeletons, 160 paired humeri of each sex, and known age were collected to study the prevalence of STF. The prevalence is reported categorized by sex and the side of humerus to identify whether there is a correlation. STF is categorized by shape and their metrics measured with digital vernier calipers. The ratio of transverse diameter (TD) and distance from the medial epicondyle to the lateral epicondyle (DMLE) were calculated to represent the size of STF. From 640 humeri, 404 cases were translucent septum, 133 cases were opaque septum, and 103 cases were recorded as foramen. In this study, the majority of supratrochlear foramen were oval-shaped, followed by irregular-shaped and round-shaped foramen. The ratio between TD and DMLE was 0.09±0.44 mm on the right and 0.08±0.41 mm on the left which was not significantly different. The findings can be used to understand the variation and location of supratrochlear foramen to help radiologists and orthopedic surgeons to avoid misdiagnosis of cystic lesion at the distal humerus.
RESUMEN: El foramen supratroclear (FST) es una perforación de la pared ósea que separa la fosa olecraneana y la fosa coronoides. Su incidencia varía entre las diferentes razas. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia y la morfometría del foramen supratroclear entre la población tailandesa. Se recolectaron un total de 640 húmeros secos de 320 esqueletos, 160 húmeros emparejados de cada sexo y edad conocida para estudiar la prevalencia de FST. Se reportó la prevalencia categorizada por sexo y lado del húmero para identificar si existe correlación. FST se clasificó por forma y sus métricas se midieron con calibradores vernier digitales. Se calculó la relación del diámetro transversal (DT) y la distancia desde el epicóndilo medial al epicóndilo lateral (DEML) para representar el tamaño de STF. De 640 húmeros, 404 casos presentaban tabique translúcido, 133 casos tabique opaco y 103 casos se registraron como foramen. En este estudio, la ma- yoría de los forámenes supratrocleares tenían forma ovalada, seguidos de los forámenes de forma irregular y redonda. La relación entre DT y DEML fue de 0,09 ± 0,44 mm en el lado derecho y de 0,08 ± 0,41 mm en el lado izquierdo, no existiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Los resultados pueden ser útil para comprender la variación y la ubicación del foramen supratroclear y ayudar a los radiólogos y cirujanos ortopédicos a evitar un diagnóstico erróneo de lesión quística en el húmero distal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Humerus/anatomy & histology , Thailand , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
The supratrochlear foramen (STF) of the distal part of the humerus bone presents a known anatomical skeletonvariation. On the other hand the cause for its appearance remains obscure. Its incidence is reported to be from0% up to 60% among the adults, depending of the population. Results. Our research on dry bone skeletal remainsdemonstrated a very low incidence of 0.8% in the Magnesia region of the central Greece. Conclusions. STFincidence presents a huge percentage interval depending on the region in study. Due to various interventionalprocedures performed in the distal part of the humerus clinicians should be aware of this rare anatomicalvariation.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Supratrochlear foramen of the humerus is usually not mentioned in most of the anatomy andorthopaedics literature. Knowledge of supratrochlear foramen is important in the treatment of supracondylarfractures of the humerus, intramedullary humeral nailing, and preventing misinterpretation of X-Rays at theelbow joint, alteration of fracture patterns.Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 132 dried human humeri of unknown sex and age.Incidence, shape, and size of the supratrochlear foramen was recorded. Vertical and transverse diameters weremeasured by using a double tipped compass and sliding calipers.Results: Out of the 132 bones studied, 34 bones showed the presence of supratrochlear foramen. It was observedthat the incidence was more on the left side than on the right. The most common shape observed was oval in19.69%, round in 3.03%, bilobed in 1.51% and irregular in 1.51% of the specimens. Mean transverse diameter ofthe supratrochlear foramen on the left and right sides were 7.25mm and 8.1mm respectively. The mean verticaldiameter of supra trochlear foramen on the left and right sides were 5.3mm and 5.4mm respectively.Conclusion: Knowledge of supratrochlear foramen of the humerus helps clinicians in diagnosis and treatmentstrategies, while dealing with the elbow pathologies, fractures of the lower end of the humerus and supracondylarfractures of the humerus.
ABSTRACT
Background: The supratrochlear foramen (STF), alternatively termed septal aperture of humerus is a deficit of the bony septum in the distal end of humerus that separates the coronoid fossa from the olecranon fossa. The study is focused on the STF owing to its significance in the preoperative planning of supracondylar fractures of humerus. The humerus with STF has narrow medullary canal so ante grade route is advised for nailing supracondylar fractures in humerus with STF. Materials: This study was conducted on 355 dry human humeri belonging to south Indian race. Results: The supratrochlear foramen was present in 76 bones (21.4%). The incidence of STF was more on the left side (23.3%) than the right side (19.6%). The transverse and vertical diameters of STF were measured using digital Vernier caliper. The mean transverse diameter on right side was 5.67 ± 1.71 mm and 5.39 ± 1.57 mm on left side. The mean vertical diameter was 3.9 ± 1.32 mm on right side and 3.84 ± 1.20 mm on left side. Various shapes of STF were noted among which oval shape was maximum. The translucent septum was frequently found more on the right side (56.3%). Conclusions: The STF may be mistakenly interpreted as a cyst or tumors in X rays. Besides its anthropological interest, the knowledge of STF will be helpful for orthopedic surgeons and radiologists.
ABSTRACT
Measurements of humeri from the Crystal River archaeological skeletal population (78 individuals) were analyzed. This canoe population from Central Florida dated from 12,000 to 7,000 B.P. The incidence of septal aperture was inversely related to cortical thickness differences but not related to the variables of skeletal robustness. The incidence of septal aperture and cortical thikness were significantly different by sex. The incidence of septal aperture was 2.5 times greater in females than in males. The mean of the cortical thickness was 5.28 mm in males and 2.64 mm in female. The sex and cortical difference explained the incidence of septal aperture up to 33.1%. These findings may suggest that the incidence of septal aperture in this population is related to nutritional stress experienced during childhood that remained on the humeri of adult females.