ABSTRACT
Abstract Frugivorous birds are important seed dispersers and influence the recruitment of many plant species in the rainforest. The efficiency of this dispersal generally depends on environment quality, bird species, richness and diversity of resources, and low levels of anthropogenic disturbance. In this study, we compared the sighting number of dusky-legged guans (Penelope obscura) by km and their movement in two areas of Serra do Japi, one around the administrative base (Base) where birds received anthropogenic food and a pristine area (DAE) with no anthropogenic resource. We also compared the richness of native seeds in feces of birds living in these two areas. Although the abundance of P. obscura was higher in the Base, these individuals moved less, dispersed 80% fewer species of plants and consumed 30% fewer seeds than individuals from DAE. The rarefaction indicated a low richness in the frugivorous diet of birds from the Base when compared to the populations from DAE. We conclude that human food supply can interfere in the behavior of these birds and in the richness of native seeds dispersed.
Resumo Aves frugívoras são importantes dispersoras de sementes e influenciam no recrutamento de muitas espécies na floresta tropical. A eficiência dessa dispersão geralmente depende da qualidade do meio ambiente, das espécies de aves envolvidas, da riqueza e diversidade de recursos e de baixos níveis de impactos antrópicos. Neste estudo nós comparamos o número de avistamentos de jacuguaçus (Penelope obscura) por Km e seus movimentos em duas áreas na Serra do Japí, uma no entorno da base administrativa (Base) onde as aves receberam alimentos antropogênicos e outra em área pristina (DAE) sem fornecimento de alimentos humanos. Também comparamos a riqueza de sementes nativas nas fezes das aves que vivem nestas duas áreas. Embora a abundância de P. obscura tenha sido maior na Base, esses indivíduos deslocaram-se menos, dispersaram 80% menos espécies de plantas e consumiram 30% menos sementes do que os indivíduos do DAE. A rarefação indicou uma baixa riqueza na dieta frugívora das aves da Base quando comparada às populações do DAE. Concluímos que o fornecimento de alimentos humanos pode interferir no comportamento dessas aves e na riqueza de espécies de sementes nativas dispersadas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Food Chain , Galliformes/physiology , Feeding Behavior , Seed Dispersal , Brazil , Forests , Population Dynamics , Animal DistributionABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento das famílias de himenópteros parasitoides em área de mata atlântica da Reserva Municipal Serra do Japi (23°13' 52,24"S, 46°56'09,00" O), Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram coletados 1.300 himenópteros parasitoides de oito superfamílias e de 23 famílias. A coleta foi realizada durante cinco dias utilizando-se armadilha Malaise, armadilha Moericke e varredura na vegetação. As famílias de maior abundância relativa foram: Diapriidae (45,92%), Braconidae (15,00%), Ichneumonidae (12,92%) e Platygastridae (6,15%). Quatorze famílias tiveram abundância relativa inferior a 1%. Foram registrados na área estudada espécimes de Perilampidae (0,62%) e de Pelecinidae (0,15%). Este estudo é o segundo levantamento da fauna de himenópteros parasitoides na Serra do Japi.(AU)
This study aimed at surveying the families of parasitic Hymenoptera in the area of the Atlantic Forest in Reserva Municipal Serra do Japi (23°13' 52,24"S, 46°56'09,00" W), Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil. There, 1,300 hymenoptera parasitoids of eight superfamilies and 23 families were collected. The collection was performed for five days using Malaise trap, Moericke trap and "Sweeping" in the Vegetation. Families with the highest relative abundance were: Diapriidae (45.92%), Braconidae (15,00%), Ichneumonidae (12,92%) and Platygastridae (6,15%). Fourteen families showed relative abundance below 1%. Te study area registered specimens of Perilampidae (0,62%) and Pelecinidae (0,15%). Tis work represents the second survey of the hymenoptera parasitoid fauna in Serra do Japi.(AU)
Subject(s)
Wasps , Biodiversity , Hymenoptera , Brazil , InsectaABSTRACT
The pierid Charonias theano (Boisduval), an endangered butterfly species, has been rarely observed in nature, and has not been recorded in the state of São Paulo in the last 50 years despite numerous efforts to locate extant colonies. Based on museum specimens and personal information, C. theano was known from 26 sites in southeastern and southern Brazil. Recently, an apparently viable population was recorded in a new locality, at Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, São Paulo, with several individuals observed during two weeks in April, 2011. The existence of this population at Serra do Japi is an important finding, since this site represents one of the few large forested protected areas where the species could potentially persist not only in the state of São Paulo, but within its entire historical distribution.