Association between serum lipid profile, body mass index and osteoporosis in postmenopausal Sudanese women

Background: Epidemiological observations suggest links between osteoporosis and the risk of acute cardiovascular events. Whether the two clinical conditions are linked by common pathogenic factors or atherosclerosis per se remains incompletely understood. The reduction of bone density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women contributes to elevated lipid parameters and body mass index (BMI). Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum lipid profile, BMI and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A prospective analytical case control-study conducted in Khartoum north hospital at Khartoum city, capital of the Sudan from April 2017 to March 2018 after ethical approval obtained from the local Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medical Laboratories, Alzaeim Alazhary University on the committee meeting number (109) on Wednesday 15th February 2017. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants to participate in the study.Two hundred postmenopausal women were enrolled in the study. The age was studied in one hundred osteoporosis postmenopausal women as a case group and one hundred non-osteoporosis postmenopausal women as control group. The serum lipid profiles were estimated using spectrophotometers (Mandry) and BMI calculated using Quetelet index formula. The data were analysed using SPSS version 16. Results: The BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL in case group respectively were (24.846±2.1647, 251.190±27.0135 mg/dl, 168.790 ±45.774 mg/dl, 50.620 ± 7.174 mg/dl, 166.868 ±28.978 mg/dl). While the BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL in control group respectively were (25.378 ±3.8115, 187.990 ± 26.611 mg/dl, 139.360±20.290 mg/dl, 49.480 ±4.659 mg/dl, 111.667 ±28.0045 mg/dl). All serum lipid profiles significantly increased (p=0.000) in the case group compared to the control group, except serum HDL was insignificant different between the case and control group and also BMI was insignificant different between the case and control group. There was a positive Pearson's correlation between BMD and serum total cholesterol (r= 0.832, P<0.01), serum LDL (r = 0.782, P<0.01) and serum triglyceride (r = 0.72, P<0.01). Conclusions: Osteoporotic postmenopausal women had a significant increase in serum lipid profile and BMI. Moreover, we found a positive link between women with cardiovascular diseases and stroke

Estimation and comparison of serum lipid profile of women with pregnancy induced hypertension and normal pregnancy

Background: Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are the most common medical complication seen during pregnancy, affecting around 5-10% of all pregnancies. Raised blood pressure in pregnancy is the major cause of fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. The most important feature in preeclampsia is hypertension which is supposed to be due to vasospastic phenomenon in kidney, uterus, placenta and brain. Altered lipid synthesis leading to decrease in PGI2:TXA2 ratio is also supposed to be an important way of pathogenesis in pregnancy induced hypertension.Methods: This one-year prospective case control study total 200 pregnant women attending antenatal care and admitted in eclampsia ward fulfiling the inclusion criteria were studied. Serum lipid profile was estimated by semiautomatic analyzers. Statistical analysis of data was done by student’s t-test and p-value.Results: Mean total cholesterol in pregnancy induced hypertension was 278.5±52.52 mg/dl and normal pregnancy was 245.47±20.075 mg/dl. Mean triglycerides in pregnancy induced hypertension was 249.88±92.575 mg/dl and normal pregnancy was 206.89±46.345 mg/dl. Mean HDL in pregnancy induced hypertension was 43.69±4.135 mg/dl and normal pregnancy was 49.9±6.501 mg/dl. Mean LDL in pregnancy induced hypertension was 174.43±39.083 mg/ dl and normal pregnancy was 151.22±19.92 mg/dl. Mean VLDL in pregnancy induced hypertension was 46.885±15.143 mg/dl and in normal pregnancy was 40.964±9.061 mg/dl, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, triglycerides were increased in pregnancy induced hypertension when compared to normal pregnancy, which is statistically significant.Conclusions: We concluded that the Patient who developed pre-eclampsia have abnormal lipid profile. This abnormal lipid profile is responsible for endothelial dysfunction. This endothelial dysfunction may play a key role the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. Early detection of these parameters may help patient by preventing complications and is going to aid in better management of pre-eclampsia.

Alteration in Serum Lipid Profile in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Alteration in the pattern of serum lipid profile has been associated with a variety of cancers and precancerousconditions. Low levels of serum lipid serve as a prognostic marker in the early detection of oral precancerous and cancerousconditions because lipid plays an important role in new membrane biogenesis and maintains cell integrity.Aim: The aim of our study is to evaluate the alteration in serum lipid profile in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) andcompared it with control group.Materials and Methods: A total of 80 subjects were selected from the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology,RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur (GDC-Jaipur). Among 80 subjects, 40 individuals were diagnosed with squamouscell carcinoma and other 40 individuals were taken in healthy control group selected randomly from other departments. Thetotal parameters assessed include total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDLC), very LDLC, and triglycerides (TGLs). Statistical analysis was carried out by Chi-square and one-wayANOVA test to evaluate parameters.Results: There was a significant decrease in TC, HDLC, and TGL in the oral cancer group as compared with the control group.Conclusions: There was an inverse relationship between serum lipid profile and OSCC. The lower serum lipid status may beconsidered a useful prognostic biochemical indicator for initial changes occurring in the neoplastic proliferating cell.

Evaluation of Iron Supplementation Effects on Plasma Lipid Levels in Pregnant Women

Backgrounds: Iron supplementation is most widely used approach of controlling the global problem of iron deficiency anemia especially in pregnant anemic women.Anemia is one of the most frequent complications related to pregnancy. Normal physiological changes in pregnancy affect the hemoglobin (Hb),Epidemiological studies have shown high serum iron concentrations following abnormal levels of blood lipids are risk factors for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction.Both iron deficiency anemia and dyslipidaemia are widely prevalent public health problems, especially in the Sudanese pregnant women.Objectives: The aim of present study wasto measure the serum level of lipids profile in anemic pregnant women compared to non anemic pregnant women.Methodology and Study Population:The analytical case control study conducted inobstetrics and gynecology centre, Omdurman city, Khartoum state. One hundred subjects knownwith 50 pregnant anemic as case groups and 50 non anemic pregnant women as control groups were enrolled in this study, with match age and sex, the age ranged between (20 to 40 years) and their mean (31.7±4.34). The serum lipid profile was analyzed using spectrophotometric method. Results: The (mean±SD) ofHb, HDL, LDL, TG and TC in anemic pregnant women respectively were (68.15±9.35, 46.06±9.62, 114.14±36.86, 170.38±54.57. 197.16±46.83). While the(mean±SD) ofHb, HDL, LDL, TG and TC in non anemic pregnant women respectivelywere (79.76±7.22, 47.44±9.65, 140.00±40.76, 189.72±37.89, 224.38±45.09). The concentration of Hb was highly significantly decrease in anemic pregnant compare to non anemic pregnantwomen with p value(p=0.000). The level serum of LDL, TG andTC were significantly decrease in anemic pregnant compare to non anemic pregnant women with p value (p= 0.001, 0.042, 0.004) respectively. The age of study population were no correlation with serum LDL(r= -0.155, p= 0.283), HDL(r= -0.019, p=0.898) and TC(r=0.68, p=0.640). And also their positive correlation between age and serum TG (r= 0.286, P=0.044). Conclusion:The anemic pregnant women hadasignificantly decreased of Hb and serum LDL, TG and TC and also their positive correlation between age and serum TG

Evaluation of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

Aim:The aim of our study was to estimate the level of HbA1c in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). To determine any correlation between HbA1c, admission blood glucose (Random blood sugar), serum lipid profile among the cases and to evaluate the outcome during hospitalization. Study Design and Setting:Cohort study.Place and Duration of the Study:Department of Biochemistry and General Medicine including ICCU and Cardiology unit, RIMS, Imphal, between September 2015 to August 2017.Methodology:Data were collected from 98 patients admitted in Medicine ward who were diagnosed with ACS irrespective of their diabetes status and they were divided into three groups according to their HbA1c levels (<5.7%, 5.7-6.4%, > 6.5%). The blood samples collected by venipuncture were analyzed for HbA1c level, done by RANDOX HbA1c Rx series (latex agglutination inhibition assay), admission blood glucose (measured by Trinder’s method) and serum lipid profile (RANDOX enzymatic Endpoint Method Rx series). The data were analyzed using statistical tools like Chi Square test, Independent sample t test, Pearson’s Correlation, Fisher’s exact test through SPSS 21.0.Results:Majority of the patients were men (72.4%) & (27.6%) women and in the age group of 51-65 years. The mean ageis 62.14 years. 54.1% of the ACS patients were already diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus whereas 45.9% were non-diabetic. Out of 98 patients, 60 had HbA1c level in the diabetic range (≥6.5%), 25 in the pre-diabetic range (5.7-6.4%) and the remaining 13 were within normal range (<5.7%). Admission blood glucose, total cholesterol and LDL were positively correlated with HbA1c value. Conclusion:The mortality of the ACS patients irrespective of diabetic status during hospitalization was associated with HbA1c value irrespective of diabetic status during hospitalization. However, it was not associated with thirty days mortality

Screening Moringa species focused on development of locally available sustainable nutritional supplements

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The leaves of Moringa oleifera (MO) and Moringa stenopetala (MS) commonly grown in Ethiopia possess potential nutritional and medicinal value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and functional characteristics of the dried leaf powder from two Moringa species to develop sustainable nutritional supplements for Ethiopians from locally grown plant sources. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Freshly harvested and air-dried MO and MS leaves were authenticated and the nutritional contents, such as protein, ash, lipids, and selected vitamins and minerals, were analyzed using standard analytical procedures. Amino acid compositions were also determined by an amino acid analyzer. Nine-week-old mice were randomly divided into four groups to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Moringa. The first group was fed a basal diet, the second group a high-fat diet, and the others were fed a high-fat diet containing 0.1% Moringa leaf powder from each species. After seven weeks, serum indices related to lipid profiles from each mouse were analyzed. RESULTS: The present study revealed high protein (28–29%) and ash (7–11%) contents. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, and leucine were the most abundantly found amino acids in both species. The predominant minerals in the leaf powder were calcium (826–1,530 mg/100 g), potassium (794–904 mg/100 g), and magnesium (286-431 mg/100 g). Pyridoxine (475.06 mg/100 g) and vitamin E (34.2 mg/100 g) were found only in MS. Niacin was found only in MO at 32.21 mg/100 g, whereas ascorbic acid was found in both species (3.89 and 6.19 mg/100 g dry weight for MO and MS, respectively). The results of the animal study showed that mice on a high-fat diet containing 0.1% MO leaf powder alleviated the elevation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol induced by the high fat diet. MO was more effective than MS in preventing hypercholesterolemia and fat deposition. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this work confirmed that Moringa leaves of both MO and MS possessed high nutritional value but MO was better at preventing the harmful effects of the high-fat diet than MS.

Study of gallbladder lesions and its relationship with serum lipid profile

Background: Gallbladder disease is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. Various studies have shown association between gallstone and alteration in serum lipids. The objective of this study was to evaluate histological patterns of cholecystectomy specimens and compare serum lipid profile of gallstone patients with controls.Methods: This study was conducted over a period of two years (April 2016 to April 2018). Records of 287 specimens who underwent cholecystectomy were analysed in which gallstones were found only in 186 patients. Out of 186 patients with gallstones, records of serum lipid profile were available in 32 patients which were compared with 32 control of similar age. Independent t- test was used to compare the data between cases and control.Results: Out of 287 cases, 68 were male and 219 were female with male to female ratio of 1:3.2. The predominant histopathological lesion was chronic cholecystitis (73.17%). Malignancy was observed in 0.7% cases. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were found to be higher and statistically significant in patients with gallstone compared to controls (p value 0.024, <0.001and 0.016 respectively). Serum High density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in gallstone patient than in control but not statistically significant (p value 0.23).Conclusions: Chronic cholecystitis was the most common histopathological lesion. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level were elevated and statistically significant in patients with gallstone.

Effect of lisinopril and perindopril on serum lipid profile in Albino rabbits

Background: Hypertension with dislipidemia is becoming a common morbidity, since ACE inhibitors are the first line of antihypertensive drugs so present study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate the possible effects of ACE inhibitor on lipid profile in albino rabbits.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur. Rabbits were divided into 2 groups with 6 in each group. Rabbits of Group I was given Lisinopril in dose of 0.25mg/kg and of group II was given Perindopril in dose of 0.20mg/kg for a period of 6 weeks. Lipid profile estimation (Serum Total cholesterol, serum HDL, serum LDL, serum Triglycerides and serum VLDL) was done at day 0, 7, 21 and 45 respectively.Results: After analysis Rabbits of group-I (Lisinopril) showed 3.1% decrease in serum cholesterol level at 45th day (P<0.001). Serum HDL level increased by 6.4% and 14.3% at day 21 and 45 respectively (P<0.05). Increase in serum Triglyceride level was 2.6% at day 45 (P>0.05). Serum LDL level decreases by 4.4% and 8.6% at day 21 and 45 respectively (P<0.001). There was no significant change in Serum VLDL level. Rabbits of group- II (Perindopril) showed decreased total cholesterol levels by 2.6% (P<0.05). There was an increase in HDL level by 6.8 % at day 45(P<.05). Triglycerides and VLDL levels were not significantly altered while serum LDL level decreases by 6.7% at day 45 (P<0.01).Conclusions: From our study it was concluded that Lisinopril had a favourable effect on serum lipid profile by decreasing total cholesterol, increasing serum HDL level. It may increase triglycerides, decrease LDL. Perindopril increase serum HDL and decreases LDL, there is no significant change in cholesterol, TG and VLDL levels.

Randomized Control Trial Study On The Effect Of Wet Cupping On Lipid Profile

Dyslipidaemia is one of the risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study was conducted to investigate the effect of wet cupping on lipid profile. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2012 at the School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Sixty-two healthy volunteers ranging from 30 to 60 years old were randomized into control and intervention groups. Subjects in the intervention group were assigned to two sessions of wet cupping at the beginning of the study and at the third month; individuals in the control group did not undergo any cupping procedure. Venous blood sample was collected for serum lipid profile: Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides; measured at baseline, first, third and fourth month. Results: Subjects in the cupping group had significant improvements from baseline to third and fourth month for TC (MD=-0.56, P=0.004), HDL-C (MD=-0.22, P<0.001) and LDL-C (MD=0.58, P=0.001). There was also a significant reduction from baseline to one month for triglycerides (MD=0.38, P<0.001). Subjects in the cupping group had significantly better values in HDL-C and LDL-C as compared with the control group at the third and fourth month. Significantly lower levels of TC and triglycerides in the cupping group of the fourth month. In the control group, there were no significant changes in any serum lipid profiles. Conclusion: After two sessions of wet cupping, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides were significantly improved by 8.2%, 13.7%, 16.4% and 20.8% respectively.

Research on correlation between thyroid hormones and serum lipid profile during pregnancy / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship of thyroid hormones and serum lipid profile during Pregnancy. Methods 30 cases of healthy pregnant women were recruited in the study. The thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and serum lipid profile were examined at 9 ~ 12, 14 ~ 17, 23 ~ 26 and 37 ~ 40 weeks of gestation and the correlations between them were analyzed. Results Positive correlation could be found between serum TSH and total cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TRIG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ApolipoproteinA-I (APOA-I), ApolipoproteinB (APOB). Negative correlations could be found between serum FT3, FT4 and total cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TRIG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ApolipoproteinA-I (APOA-I), ApolipoproteinB (APOB). And no correlation was found between serum thyroid hormones and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Conclusion The thyroid hormones were closely related to serum lipid profile except of HDL-C.

Study of changes in serum lipid profile and blood sugar level by perindopril and telmisartan during treatment of systemic hypertension.

Background: This study was designed to compare adverse effects on serum lipid profile and blood sugar level in the treatment with two commonly used drugs perindopril and telmisartan in cases of hypertension. This was an “observational” and “cross-sectional” study. Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in each, Groups A and B. In both groups, half the patients were given perindopril 4 mg OD and half were given telmisartan 40 mg OD for 24 weeks. Total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) level was estimated initially and then at 4th, 12th, and 24th week. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA. Results: With perindopril initial means of TC, HDL, LDL, TGs, FBS, and PPBS in Groups A and B were 190.32, 49.76, 117.96, 165.04, 84.56, 122.60, and 188.80, 51.64, 118.52, 159.12, 93.92, 133.60, respectively. After 24 weeks, these values were 190.84, 50.68, 118.60, 163.84, 83.48, 120.20, and 190.96, 52.04, 118.28, 157.56, 93.96, 133.68, respectively (p > 0.05). With telmisartan, initial means of TC, HDL, LDL, TG, FBS, and PPBS in both groups were 188.08, 49.76, 118.84, 167.20, 83.72, 120.68, and 188.08, 46.88, 121.96, 167.84, 91.44, 131.72, respectively. After 24 weeks, these values in both groups were 189.36, 49.80, 120.04, 165.96, 82.60, 118.36 and 186.12, 45.28, 121.08, 167.72, 92.76, 129.56 respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusions: It concluded that both perindopril and telmisartan had not any significant adverse effects on plasma lipid profile and blood sugar level in both groups.

Effects of Momordica charantia on Serum Lipid Profile, Serum Protein Levels and Selected Markers of Cardiovascular Damage in Diabetic Rats.

Aims: To investigate the effects of M. charantia on serum lipid profile, serum protein concentration and selected markers of cardiovascular damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Study design: Forty healthy adult Wistar rats of both sexes were randomly assigned into five groups A, B, C, D and E of eight rats each. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria, between January 2010 and March 2012. Methodology: At the expiration of the research, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Serum lipid profile, total protein and serum albumin, serum Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Glucose-6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase activities were determined using Randox assay kits. The levels of Serum globulin and albumin/globulin ratio were calculated. Serum nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2 levels were determined using assay kits. Results: The result showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the blood glucose levels in group D when compared with groups A, B, C and E. There was an increase in triglyceride (p<0.05), total cholesterol (p>0.05), low density lipoprotein (p>0.05) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05) were increased in group B when compared with group D. The serum levels was presented a non significant reduction in total protein (p>0.05), albumin (p>0.05), globulin (p>0.05) and albumin/globulin ratio (p>0.05) when group B was compared with group D. Lactate dehydrogenase (F=0.18, p>0.05) and creatinine kinase (F=1.96, p>0.05) were increased (p>0.05) while the nitric oxide (F=2.21, p<0.05), PGE2 (F=1.25, p<0.05) and G6PDH (F=2.92, p<0.05) were reduced (p<0.05) in group B when compared with A, C, D and E. Conclusion: The presents study thus suggests that M. charantia could serve as a useful antidiabetic agent.

Effects of calcium and vitamin D intake level on lipid metabolism in growing rats / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: Association of low intake of calcium (Ca) and inadequate vitamin D (VD) status with higher prevalence rates of obesity has been reported. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of different levels of whey Ca and VD intake on lipid metabolism in growing rats. METHODS: A total of 56 five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and fed for five weeks. Ca groups were divided into three levels, low, normal, and high (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%). VD subgroups in the low and high Ca groups were divided into three levels, low, normal, and high (10 IU, 1,000 IU, and 5,000 IU). The effects of Ca and VD on each group were evaluated by two way ANOVA. RESULTS: Significantly higher amounts of abdominal fat, visceral fat, and epididymal fat were observed in the Low-Ca groups than in the Normal-Ca and High-Ca groups. Serum leptin levels of Low-Ca groups were higher than those of Normal-Ca and High-Ca groups. The highest serum parathyroid hormone concentration was observed in the low Ca.low VD group. The levels of serum 25(OH)D were significantly increased with increasing dietary VD levels. Significantly higher serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol were observed in the low Ca groups than in the normal Ca and high Ca groups. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that low calcium intake increased serum lipid level and body fat amount.

A comparative study of serum lipid profile between premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Background & objectives: The effect of the hormonal changes associated with menopause on the serum lipid levels may play an important role in most cardiac related disorders associated with menopause. So the present study was undertaken with the following objectives. 1) To study the serum lipid profile in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. 2) To compare the differences of serum lipid profile between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. 3) To study the effect of duration of menopause on serum lipid profile. 4) To correlate the results of present study with that of other studies. Methods: 50 premenopausal and 50 postmenopausal women were recruited for the study. The subjects having risk factors that may affect the lipid profile were excluded. 5 ml of venous blood was collected after overnight fasting of 12 hrs in all the subjects for estimation of serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides. Results: As compared to premenopausal women, mean level of serum total cholesterol and serum LDL were significantly higher in postmenopausal women and level significantly increased with increase in the duration of menopause. While level of serum HDL was significantly lower in postmenopausal women and level significantly decreased with increase in the duration of menopause. There was no statistically significant difference in serum triglycerides and serum VLDL between premenopausal and postmenopausal women up to 10 years duration of menopause. However they increased significantly after > 10 years duration of menopause. Interpretation & conclusion: According to the present study, menopause is associated with altered serum lipid profile and thus an independent risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases. Therefore it is important to consider each and every postmenopausal woman to undergo screening for abnormal lipid profile. In them, specific health education strategies are needed in an order to prevent the emerging cardiovascular diseases.

A Correlation between Neurocognitive Function and Serum Lipid Levels among the Korean Elderly / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated the correlation between neurocognitive function and serum lipids levels among Koreans over 60 years old. Also, we investigated the sociodemographic risk factors and vascular risk factors in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: Six hundred fifty elderly persons participated in this study. We screened for cognitive impairment via the Mini-Mental Status Examination-Korean version (MMSE-KC) and evaluated 181 participants using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease, Korean version (CERAD-K). For further classification, we employed the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDRS) and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Participants having a CDRS score of 1 or more were diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: We diagnosed 38 participants as having Alzheimer's disease, 67 participants as having mild cognitive impairment, and 76 participants as having no cognitive impairment. There were significant differences among the groups with regard to age, education, history of diabetes mellitus medication, history of head trauma, history of CVA, and Hachinski ischemic score (p<0.05). The mild cognitive impairment group showed inverse correlations between triglyceride serum level and both total MMSE-KC score and Orientation in MMSE-KC (rs=-0.267, p=0.029 ; rs=-0.324, p=0.007). This group also showed inverse correlations between total cholesterol serum level and both total MMSE-KC score and Orientation in MMSE-KC (rs=-0.259, p=0.034 ; rs=-0.417, p=0.000) and an inverse correlation between low density lipoprotein serum level and Orientation in MMSE-KC (rs=-0.320, p=0.008). CONCLUSION: There were inverse correlations between some lipids' serum levels and cognitive functions in the mild cognitive impairment group.

The Effect of Red-Yeast-Rice Supplement on Serum Lipid Profile and Glucose Control in Subjects with Impaired Fasting Glucose or Impaired Glucose Tolerance

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of red-yeast-rice supplementation on cholesterol-lowering and glucose control in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFT) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). We conducted a doubleblind, placebo-controlled study with 3 groups ; placebo, low dose group (red yeast rice 210.0 mg/capsule, 2.52 g/day)and high dose group (red yeast rice 420.0 mg/capsule, 5.04 g/day), which were randomly assigned to subjects with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. We measured fasting serum concentrations of total-, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin, free fatty acid (FFA) and 2 h oral glucose tolerence test (OGTT) before and after the supplementation. Both low dose and high dose groups had significant decrease in LDL cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) compared with placebo group (p < 0.05). Additionally, total and HDL cholesterol improved significantly in high dose group compared with placebo group (p < 0.05). Fasting serum glucose decreased in test groups and increased in placebo group after intervention. However, it was not significant differences. In subjects which fasting blood glucose is more than 110 mg/dL, fasting glucose had a tendency to decrease in high dose group (p < 0.1) and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) had significant decrease in low dose group (p < 0.05), while insulin and HOMA-IR had a tendency to increase in placebo group after intervention. Mean changes of glucose related parameters (fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR) compared with placebo group did not show significant differences. In conclusion, subjects with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance were significantly improved in serum lipid profile by red yeast rice supplementation without serious side effects. These are more effective in the case of a high dose. The effects of red yeast rice supplementation on glucose control were insignificant.

BMI and WC cut offs for the risk of comorbidities of obesity in a population in Indonesia.

Over the last few years health care providers have become more aware of the consecquences of obesity as well as the comorbidities of obesity. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) became universally accepted measures to determine the degree of overweight. it is necessary to have cut off points for BMI and WC for the risk factors of the comorbidities of obesity in Indonesia. This study has a cross sectional design with a total of 6318 subjects, that comprised of 5216 males (82.6%) and 1102 females (17.6%). The highest percentage of comorbidities both in males and females were high cholesterol and triglyceride level. The risks of comorbidities were increased at BMI 24.38 kg/m2 and WC 86.25 cm for fasting blood glucose and BMI 24.91 kg/m2 and WC 89.25 cm for triglyceride level.

The Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Serum Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Women / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation of serum lipid profile with lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women and investigate whether serum lipid profile could be a risk factor of osteoporosis. METHODS: From 1995 to 2003, we retrospectively reviewed 231 postmenopausal women, who did not take any drugs affecting lipid or bone metabolism. The hysterectomized women or metabolic disease patients were excluded. We analyzed the relationship between serum lipid profile and other parameters in normal and osteopenic groups based on lumbar BMD. RESULTS: There was no significant relationship between serum lipid profile and lumbar BMD in univariate analysis (chi-squared test and Pearson correlation analysis). Lumbar BMD was correlated inversely with age (r=-0.355, por=160 mg/dL) LDL-C levels were 1.09 (95%CI: 0.58-2.05) and 1.10 (95%CI: 0.44-2.79), respectively, compared to normal (<130 mg/dL) LDL-C group. CONCLUSION: There was no correlation between serum lipid profile and lumbar BMD. Serum lipid profile may not be a risk factor of osteoporosis, however, a prospective study in a larger group, considered with multiple factors, will be required to get more proper conclusions.

Effective Screening Test for Obesity in Obese Adolescents and the Correlation Among Obesity Index, Body Mass Index and Serum Lipid Profile

PURPOSE: Every year, there is a remarkable increase in the prevalence of children with excess body fat. The aim of this study is to find a useful screening method in assessing adolescent, obesity and to specify the predictable risk factors that are related to adult cardiovascular disease according to BMI and obesity index. METHODS: From July to November in 2001, a total of 2,814(male : female=2,011 : 803) mid to high school students who were in the obesity range according to obesity index(>20%) were evaluated according to height, weight, body mass index(BMI), obesity index, and serum lipid levels. RESULTS: Among the obese students over 20% by obesity index, 86.6% were over the range of 95 percentile by BMI. Among students defined as obese by BMI, 21.0% of males and 21.4% of females students had hypercholesterolemia; by obesity index, the ratio was 20.7% male and 19.0% female. The frequency of hypertriglyceremia in male students was 15.0% in group I(overweight group, 85P 97p); in female students 11.8%, 20.7% and 28.2% respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, using BMI alone to test the serum lipid level in adolescent obesity had a limit of 10.0-17.0% omission. Therefore using obesity index as a screening method to find the adult cardiovascular disease would rather reduce the omission rate. The risk factor of cardiovascular disease according to BMI was the increasing level of triglyceride in both male and female students. We think that using the obesity index has more rationale rather than BMI in assessing lipid profiles.

Profile of serum lipoprotein in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

BACKGROUND: Overt hypothyroidism is a well-known cause of secondary hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. However, there have been some dissenting report of abnormalities and in serum lipid concentration in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. We have attempted to analyze serum lipid concentrations to investigate whether they are increased in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and to see if there is a correlation between serum LDL-C and TSH concentrations. METHODS: Serum lipid profiles(total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C) of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (M/F=7/119) compared with age, sex and body mass index matched control subjects(M/F=14/239) from Jan. 1 . 1996. to Dec. 30. 1997. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TG, and HDL concentrations in 126 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 253 control subjects(178.47+/-35.76mg/dL vs. 173.05+/-35.93mg/dL ; 113.33+/-52.89mg/dL vs 117.64+/-68.70mg/dL ; 112.89+/-33.26mg.dL vs 109.65+/-29.02mg/dL ; 48.60+/-11.34mg/dL vs 46.51+/-11.73mg/dL). There was no correlation between LDL cholesterol and TSH concentrations in subclinical hypothyroidism(r=0.29, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Serum lipid concentration (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and TG, HDL) was not increased in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. There was no correltion between serum LDL and TSH levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.