Study of the relationship between serum lipid levels and primary open-angle glaucoma

Purpose: To determine the association between serum lipid levels and primary open?angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: In this case?control study, 50 patients with POAG documented by clinical tests using standard ophthalmologic equipment and 50 age?matched controls were investigated. Twelve?hour fasting serum lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, low?density lipoproteins (LDLs), and high?density lipoproteins (HDLs), were compared between the cases and controls. Results: The mean age of cases and controls was 62.84 ± 9.68 and 60.12 ± 8.65, respectively (P = 0.65). High total cholesterol levels (>200 mg/dl) were found in 23 cases (46%) and 8 controls (16%); high serum triglyceride levels (>150 mg/dl) were found in 24 cases (48%) and 7 controls (14%); high LDL levels (130 mg/dl) were found in 28 cases (56%) and 9 controls (18%); and low HDL levels (<40 mg/dl) were found in 38 cases (76%) and 30 controls (60%). The mean total cholesterol levels were 205.24 ± 36.90 mg/dl in cases and 177.68 ± 22.56 mg/dl in controls (P < 0.001); the mean serum triglyceride levels were 150.42 ± 49.55 mg/dl and 130.84 ± 23.16 mg/dl, respectively (P = 0.013); and the mean LDL levels were 139.50 ± 31.03 mg/dl and 114.96 ± 17.73 mg/dl, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels were significantly higher in cases than in controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study shows that higher proportion of POAG patients have dyslipidemia compared to age?matched controls. Though these findings need to be replicated by others. This study opens new vistas for further studies, such as lowering dyslipidemia, lowering the intra?ocular pressure and incidence of POAG, and whether the use of statins to reduce dyslipidemia affects the progression of POAG.

Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and antidiabetic activity of several sulfanilamide incorporated 2,3-disubstitut-ed thiazolidin-4-ones

A panel of 2,3-disubstituted thiazolidin-4-ones 4a-n was synthesised from Schiff bases 3a-n derived from sulfanilamide, by reaction with thioglycolic acid. The compounds were characterised by means of IR, NMR, and Mass spectral data. Compounds 4a-n were screened for DPPH scavenging assay and compounds 4e, 4h, 4i, and 4n exhibited moderate activity. Compounds 4e, 4h, and 4i were tested at 200 mg/kg and 4e at 50 mg/kg b.w. orally for antidiabetic activity in fructose induced diabetic rats. They exhibited significant antidiabetic activity compared to the control group. Pioglitazone was used as a standard drug. The tested compounds exhibited better and ignificant serum cholesterol lowering activity when compared with the control and standard groups. They also reduced the triglyceride level after the 21st day; however, it was insignificant when compared to the control group. Compound 4n displayed the highest binding energy when docked with PPAR-γ followed by compounds 4e, 4h, and 4i when compared to pioglitazone. The physicochemical, drug likeness and ADME properties of the title compounds were found to be satisfactory.

Se sintetizó un panel de tiazolidinas-4-onas 2,3-disustituidas 4a-n a partir de las bases de Schiff 3a-n derivadas de la sulfanilamida por reacción con ácido tioglicólico. Los compuestos se caracterizaron por IR, RMN y datos espectrales de masa. Los compuestos 4a-n se analizaron para DPPH y los compuestos 4e, 4h, 4i y 4n mostraron una actividad moderada. Los compuestos 4e, 4h y 4i se probaron a 200 mg/kg y 4e a 50 mg/kg b.w. oralmente para la actividad antidiabética en ratas diabéticas, inducida por fructosa. Los compuestos mostraron una actividad antidiabética muy significativa en comparación con el grupo control. La pioglitazona se utilizó como fármaco estándar. Los compuestos ensayados mostraron una mejor y significativa actividad reductora del colesterol sérico en comparación con los grupos control y estándar. Estos compuestos también redujeron el nivel de triglicéridos después del 21° día, aunque fue insignificante en comparación con el grupo control. El compuesto 4n mostró la mayor afinidad de unión cuando se acopló a PPAR-γ, seguido de 4e, 4h y 4i en comparación con la pioglitazona. Las propiedades fisicoquímicas, la similitud con el fármaco y las propiedades ADME de los compuestos fueron satisfactorias, lo que los convierte en útiles agentes antidiabéticos.

Um painel de 2,3-disubstituído thiazolidina-4-ones 4a-n foram sintetizados a partir de bases Schiff 3a-n derivado da sulfanilamida por reacção com ácido tioglicólico. Os compostos eram caracterizado por IR, NMR e dados espectrais de massa. Os compostos 4a-n foram rastreados para O ensaio DPPH de limpeza radical e os compostos 4e, 4h, 4i e 4n exibiram actividade moderada. Os compostos 4e, 4h e 4i foram testados a 200 mg/kg e 4e a 50 mg/kg de peso corporal por via oral para antidiabéticos. actividade em ratos diabéticos induzidos por frutose. Exibiram uma actividade antidiabética altamente significativa actividade em comparação com o controlo. A pioglitazona foi utilizada como droga padrão. Os compostos testados exibiu uma melhor e significativa actividade de redução do colesterol sérico quando comparado comde triglicéridos após o 21° dia; no entanto, foi insignificante quando comparado com o controlo. O composto 4n mostrou a maior afinidade de ligação quando acoplado com PPAR-γ seguido de 4e, 4h, 4i quando comparado com pioglitazona. O propriedades físico-químicas, de semelhança com drogas e ADME dos compostos do título de propriedade também foram encontrados paraser satisfatórios, tornando-os agentes antidiabéticos úteis.

Comparison of Pain on Injection of Propofol MCT with Propofol LCT.

Propofol is one of the safest drugs for induction of general anaesthesia. Routinely available preparation in the market being propofol LCT (long chain triglycerides) has the disadvantage of pain on injection. This pain is very discomforting for the patient and also to the anaesthesiologist. So, they are coming up with a new preparation propofol MCT (medium chain triglycerides) which causes less pain on injection. We wanted to compare the occurrence of pain on injection of Propofol MCT with Propofol LCT.METHODSAfter obtaining institutional ethical committee approval, 150 patients undergoing various elective surgeries under general anaesthesia where propofol was used as an induction agent, aged between 18 and 65 years of ASA I & II were enrolled in the study. The study patients were divided into two groups. Group M, who received Propofol MCT and group L, who received Propofol LCT as an induction drug. The intensity of pain was evaluated by using Visual Analogue Score (VAS). Similarly change of triglyceride levels after single induction dose of Propofol MCT and Propofol LCT were observed.RESULTSGroup M showed reduced pain score (4.15±1.90) after injection along with less incidence of pain compared to Group L (6.37±2.49). Serum triglyceride levels had no significant difference in preoperative and postoperative values.CONCLUSIONSPain on injection with Propofol MCT (4.15 ± 1.90) is less compared to Propofol LCT (6.37± 2.49) & no evidence of change of triglyceride levels was seen after a single induction dose in the study.

Synergistic effect of metformin and fenugreek on the lipid profile of type-II diabetic patients

Background: Fenugreek is a traditional herb which has great relevance in the world since time immemorial due to its multifarious uses. Besides being a rich source of nutrition, it also finds place in the cure of certain pathological conditions. One of its highly beneficial effects is have been observed on the lipid profile of the hyperlipidemic patient. This study was thus undertaken to see the hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek seeds in patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as add-on therapy with metformin.Methods: An open-labelled comparative study of 12 weeks duration was conducted on patients (randomly divided in 2 groups of 30 each) of Type 2 DM. Group 1 was given metformin 500 mg twice a day while group 2 was given 500 mg of metformin along with fenugreek seed powder capsule, 1gm thrice a day. Evaluation for fasting lipid profile estimation was done at the beginning and at the end of the study. Student’s t-test (paired and unpaired) was applied for statistical analysis.Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, there was significant improvement in the lipid profile of both the groups. However, group 2, that received fenugreek along with metformin showed statistically greater improvement as compared to group 1 which received only metformin.Conclusions: This study shows the beneficial effects of fenugreek seeds on lipid profile in patients of Type 2 DM and can be used as an add-on therapy with metformin in controlling the lipid profile of Type 2 DM.

Correlation between Fasting Blood Sugar Level, HbA1C Level and Serum Lipid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most commonendocrinal diseases in the world. Incidences of this disease areincreasing worldwide and this disease is called disease of thismillennium. This study was undertaken to correlate fastingblood sugar level, Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) leveland serum lipid levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.Material and Methods: This study was a cross sectionalstudy conducted on 100 patients of diabetes mellitus came toM.B Govt. Hospital, Udaipur. The fasting blood sugar (FBS)levels, HbA1C levels and serum lipid levels were performedand then correlated fasting blood sugar level with HbA1Clevels and FBS and HbA1C with serum lipid levels. There wasa significant positive correlation between FBS and HbA1C,and FBS and HbA1C with serum cholesterol and serumtriglycerides level and negative correlation with serum HDLcholesterol levels.Results: This study demonstrated that HbA1C level wasincreased in diabetics and it showed correlation with the statusof control of diabetes.Conclusion: Diabetics have got increased level of serumcholesterol, triglycerides and decreased levels of serumHDL-cholesterol. HbA1C showed stronger correlation withserum cholesterol and triglycerides as compared to FBS.HDL-cholesterol showed stronger correlation with FBS thanHbA1C.

Association between glycemic control and serum fibrinogen levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Poor glycemic control has been reported to be associated with increased vascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. High fibrinogen level has been described as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. High fibrinogen has been suggested to be involved in the excess rate of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 DM. The present study was undertaken to find correlation between glycemic control and plasma fibrinogen level in patients with type 2 DM.Methods: Three hundred ten patients aged ≥30 years of either sex were included in this cross sectional study. Estimation of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum fibrinogen, serum total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG), serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was done. Categorical and continuous variables were tested using Chi-Square test/Fisher’s exact test and unpaired ‘t’ test respectively. Pearson’s correlation was used to study correlation between serum fibrinogen levels and HbA1c, Body mass index (BMI), TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and TG.Results: Mean serum fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in DM patients whose HbA1c, LDL cholesterol and TG levels were higher. Correlation between serum fibrinogen was 0.59, and 0.45 with HbA1c, and BMI respectively. Multivariate step-wise regression analysis showed higher HbA1c and higher BMI were the independent and significant predictors of higher serum fibrinogen levels. HbA1c was the stronger predictor of serum fibrinogen than BMI.Conclusions: Fibrinogen levels were independently associated with HbA1c value in patients with type 2 DM.

Comparación de lípidos sanguíneos entre pollos de engorde y gallinas ponedoras / Blood lipid comparison between broilers and laying hens

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar los niveles séricos del colesterol total, triglicéridos, colesterol de la lipoproteína de alta densidad y colesterol de la lipoproteína de baja densidad entre pollos de engorde y gallinas ponedoras. Se recolectó sangre después de ayuno de 30 pollos de engorde de la línea Cobb 500 de 35 días de edad y de 40 gallinas ponedoras de la línea Hy-Line W-36 de 26 semanas. Se midieron los niveles séricos de triglicéridos y colesterol total mediante métodos enzimáticos colorimétricos, mientras que para determinar el colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta y de baja densidad se usó el método directo [detergente + N,Nbis(4-sulfobutil)-m-toluidina]. Los datos se analizaron medieante ANOVA simple usando el paquete estadístico Statgraphics® Plus 5.1. Se presentaron diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) entre los pollos de engorde y las gallinas ponedoras en los niveles séricos de los triglicéridos (21.4 vs. 759.6 mg/dL, respectivamente) y en los niveles de colesterol de la lipoproteína de alta densidad (93.1 vs. 64.6 mg/dL, respectivamente). No se encontraron diferencias significativas (P > 0,05) para el colesterol total (125.1 and 137.0 mg/dL, respectivamente) ni para los niveles de colesterol de la lipoproteína de baja densidad (52.2 and 48.2 mg/dL, respectivamente). Los resultados del presente estudio muestran que aunque hubo diferencias de sexo, edad, madurez sexual y sistemas de producción, no se encontraron diferencias en los niveles séricos de colesterol total o en los niveles de colesterol de la lipoproteína de baja densidad entre pollos de engorde y gallinas ponedoras. La diferencia en la concentración de triglicéridos, es debida al transporte de lípidos hacia el ovario en las gallinas ponedoras.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to compare total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol serum levels between broiler chickens and laying hens. Whole blood was collected after fasting from 30, 35-day-old broiler chickens (Cobb 500 line) and 40, 26-week-old laying hens (Hy-Line line W-36). The serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods, while a direct method [detergent + N,N-Bis(4- sulfobutyl)-m-toluidine] was used to determine the low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Data were analyzed by simple ANOVA using the statistics package Statgraphics® Plus 5.1. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between broiler chickens and laying hens in serum triglycerides (21.4 vs. 759.6 mg/dL, respectively) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (93.1 vs.64.6 mg/dL, respectively). No significant differences were found for total cholesterol (125.1 and 137.0 mg/dL, respectively) or low-density liprotein cholesterol levels (52.2 and 48.2 mg/dL, respectively). The results of the present study show that even though there are differences in gender, age, sexual maturity and production systems, there are no differences in serum total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels between broiler chickens and laying hens. The 35-fold difference in serum triglycerides is related to the transport of lipids to the ovary in a laying hen.

Serum homocysteine in indian adolescents.

Objective. To assay serum homocysteine levels and examine its association with conventional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Indian adolescents. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in tertiary care hospital in northern India in apparently healthy adolescents aged 10 – 19 yr. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to assess conventional risk factors. Serum homocysteine levels of ≥ 12μmol/L, serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg% and serum cholesterol ≥ 200 mg% were taken as hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, respectively. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ≥ 40 mg% was considered protective for CVD. Results. In 103 subjects, 36.87 % females, mean serum homocysteine level was 11.649 ±0.416μmol/L. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 46 (44.6%, 95% CI: 34.965-54.75) subjects. Dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid, body mass index (BMI) > 84th percentile and altered lipid profile were associated with hyperhomocysteinemia on univariate analysis. After multivariate adjustment for BMI and vegetarian diet, low serum HDL (OR: 23.81, 95% CI: 2.86-200; p =0.003) and serum hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 4.17, 95% CI: 1.51 – 13.51; p = 0.022) had independent association with hyperhomocysteinemia. Conclusion. Since we have also found an association between hyperhomocysteinemia and low serum HDL levels and hypertriglyceridemia, which are conventional risk factors for CVD, interventional strategies are urgently needed among adolescents for prevention of CVD.

Leisure time physical activity and its relationship to coronary risk factors in male workers / 예방의학회지

This study was attempted to observe leisure time physical activity pattern and its relationship to coronary risk factors(BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar). Subjects participated in this study were 277 adult male workers of an industry in Kyungpook province, Korea. Energy expenditure were measured using modified Physical Activity History questionnaire of CARDIA study by interviewing. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and blood sugar level were tested with 5 ml fasting blood and height, weight and blood pressure were measured. Data on smoking and drinking habits and others were obtained. Geometric mean of leisure time physical energy expenditure were estimated as 212.80 kcal per week for study subjects and only 22.4% of them expended 2,000 kcal or more per week in leisure time physical activity. Taking walks or hikes and jogging or running were more frequent leisure time physical activities in study subjects. Statistically significant mean differences in total weekly leisure time physical activity for all coronary risk factors were not found among three groups. Because energy expenditure of leisure time was generally low in this subjects and most of them were healthy men, we did not found that leisure time physical activity was significantly associated with coronary risk factors.