Evaluation on the confidence of refusing unprotected sex behavior and related factors among college students in Zhejiang province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To understand the confidence-related factors of refusing unprotected sex behavior among college students in Zhejiang province.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster random sampling method was conducted among college students from 13 colleges and universities in Zhejiang province, from October to November, 2018. A total of 3 718 students who self-reported "ever having had sexual contacts" were enrolled. Chi-square test was used to compare the confidence of rejecting unprotected sex under different demographic characteristics, sexual attitude/behaviors and different intervention approaches. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors.@*Results@#A total of 3 718 college students were involved in this study with average age as (20.17±1.38) years old and 70.5% (2 620/3 718) were male. The proportions of having confidence to refuse unprotected sex behavior were 74.9% (1 963/2 620) of male and 77.9% (896/1 098) of female students, respectively. According to the results from multivariate logistic regression analysis, factors that related to the confidence of refusing unprotected sex behavior in male students would include, did not accept casual sex behavior (compared with accepted students, OR=2.247, 95%CI: 1.828-2.762), did not accept homosexual behavior (compared with accepted students, OR=1.810, 95%CI: 1.302- 2.516), having casual sex behavior in the past one year (compared with having no sex behavior, OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.051-1.721), aware of the availability of HIV self-test reagents service in college (compared with did not knew, OR=1.381, 95%CI: 1.011-1.887), having taken the HIV infection risk self-assessment in college (compared with did not take, OR=1.707, 95%CI: 1.374-2.121). In female students, the factors would include: being urban resident (compared with rural residence, OR=1.816, 95%CI: 1.225-2.693), 21 years old or above (compared with 20 years old or below, OR=1.469, 95%CI: 1.075-2.007), having taken the HIV infection risk self-assessment in college (compared with did not take, OR=1.597, 95%CI: 1.093-2.333), etc.@*Conclusions@#Both male and female college students had higher confidence in refusing unprotected sex behavior. For male students, refusing casual or homosexual contacts, having casual sex in the recent year, knowing HIV self-test reagents service and having had HIV-related risk self-assessment in college as related factors. However, for female students; city residence, 21 years old and above, and having a HIV infection risk self- assessment in college appeared as related factors. Sexual health education should be strengthened to reduce unprotective sex behavior and to promote HIV infection risk self-assessment among the college students.

Behavior and influencing factors of HIV infection among men who have sex with men only and men who have sex with both men and women in Shandong province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#This study aimed to examine the demographic characteristics, HIV related knowledge and behavior, correlates of bisexual behavior and status of HIV infection among men who have sex with men only (MSMO) and men who have sex with both men and women (MSMW) in Shandong province.@*Methods@#According to the requirements from "National HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance program" , a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect information on demographics, sexual and drug use behaviors, and HIV-related services among MSM in nine sentinel surveillance sites from April to July in 2018. Blood samples were drawn for serological tests on both HIV and syphilis antibodies.@*Results@#A total of 3 474 participants were included in this study. Related information on these participants would include: average age as (31.66±9.01) years; 35.06% (1 218) married or cohabiting with a woman, 50.52% (1 755) had college or higher education, 80.11% (2 783) self-identified as gays and 14.22% (494) self-identified as bisexual men,16.87% (586) ever having sex with woman in the past 6 months, 10.51% (365) ever using drugs. HIV and syphilis prevalence rates were 2.99% (104/3 474) and 2.76%(96/3 474). Through multivariable logistic models, MSMW were more likely to be ≥35 years of age, local residents, self-identified as heterosexual/bisexual/uncertain, ever having commercial sex with man but less likely to consistently use condoms in the past 6 months, less using internet/dating software to find male sex partners and less using drugs. There was no significant differences noticed in the following areas: number of sexual partners in the last week, condom use in the last six months with commercial sex partners, with HIV or syphilis infection and self-reported history of STD in the past year between MSMO and MSMW (P>0.05). HIV-infected MSM were more likely to have the following features, ≥45 years of age, non-local residents, finding male sex partners from the bothhouses, park/toilets or from the internet/dating software, also less likely to consistently use condoms in the past 6 months, using drugs or with syphilis infection.@*Conclusions@#High prevalence of bisexual behavior as well as higher risk of HIV infection were noticed among MSM in Shandong province. It is important to strengthen related surveillance and effective intervention programs for MSM with different characteristics in Shandong province.

Premarital sexual relationships: Contraceptive knowledge and practice among iranian youths

Objective: The youths' sexual behaviors are counted as the main priorities of the public health due to the high prevalence of unwanted pregnancies, illegal abortions, and sexually transmitted infections. This research was carried out to explain the youths' contraceptive knowledge and practice in premarital sexual relationships. Methods: This qualitative research was carried out on 30 single boys and girls aged 18–24, living in Isfahan, Iran, who had already started sexual activities. Data collection was done with semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed by using conventional content analysis. Results: Two main categories were extracted including inadequate awareness regarding contraception (with subcategories “unreliable information sources” and “gender inequality in familiarity with contraceptive methods”) and inappropriate contraceptive practice (with sub-categories “use of unreliable contraceptive methods” and “gender inequality in applying contraceptive methods”). Conclusion: Sexual health education programs should equip the youths with adequate knowledge on contraception and use of reliable contraceptive methods. Furthermore, attempts should be made along with tackling gender inequality is very significant for youths' sexual and reproductive health security.

An analysis on epidemic trend of HIV/AIDS and sexual behavior characteristics among MSM from 2008 to 2012 in Yinchuan city / 重庆医学

Objective To analyzes the epidemic trend and sexual behavior changes among men who have sex with men (MSM ) in Yinchuan city so as to provide scientific evidence for the future development of prevention and control strategies .Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted and data about the sexual behavior as well as trend of HIV epidemic among MSM from 2008 to 2012 were collected and analyzed .Results A total of 1 644 MSM were recruited from 2008 to 2012 .The MSM condom use rate in last time homosexual sex fluctuated between 73 .5% -80 .2% ,and their condom use rate in every time was increasing significant-ly(P<0 .05) from 54 .3% in 2012 to 44 .0% in 2008 .The HIV prevalence and 90% CI was 2 .6% (1 .1-4 .0) ,4 .5% (2 .5-7 .5) , 5 .7% (6 .6-7 .8) ,3 .8% (2 .2-5 .3) and 7 .0% (4 .9 -9 .1) respectively .The HIV prevalence was increasing significantly (P<0 . 01) from 7 .0% in 2012 to 2 .6% in 2008 .Syphilis prevalence was increasing significantly (P<0 .01) from 9 .0% in 2009 to 2 .9%in 2008 ,then decreasing significantly (P<0 .01) from 6 .3% in 2012 to 13 .6% in 2010 .Conclusion The HIV infection rate have a rising trend among MSM in Yinchuan city .More effective intervention measures should be taken to promote safe sex and curb the AIDS epidemic spread among MSM .

Relationship between gender, experience of migration and premarital sex among out-of-school youths in rural Hainan, China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess pre-marital sex behavior and its relationship with gender and experience of migration among 16-24 years-old out-of-school youths in rural Hainan province,China.Methods 160 eligible youths from each of the 2 townships in County A and 80 from each of the 6 townships in County B were recruited,under equal proportion on gender,age distribution and experience of migration.An interviewer-administered,standardized questionnaire was used.Results 760 eligible participants (with each gender of 380) were interviewed.There were no significant differences in the proportions of reporting as sexually active (56.8％ and 57.9％ ) or having premarital sex (54.5％ and 50.0％ ) between male and female youths.However,among those sexually active participants,the average age at first sexual intercourse was (18.2± 1.9 years or 19.2 ± 1.8 years,P＜0.01 ),the average age of first-time leaving hometown for work (18.0 ± 2.3 years or 16.5 ± 1.9 years P＜0.01 ) and the percentage of having first sexual intercourse before 1 8 years old (59.3％ vs.35.5％,P＜0.01) were different between males and females.31.2％ of the male youths reported that their sexual debut happened before they left their hometown for work and 45.9％ of the sex debut appeared within 1 year after they left hometown.However,78.5％ of the sexually active female youths reported their sexual debut happened 1 year after leaving their hometown.Data from the multivariate analysis showed that being away from hometown for more than 3 months and having more friends who presumably had presumably pre-marital sex experiences were more likely to report pre-marital sex behavior.Older men were more likely to report pre-marital sex behavior than the younger ones.Married women were more likely to report pre-marital sex behavior than the unmarried ones.Through multivariate analysis on unmarried men,data showed that those having had experience on migration and at older age were associated with experiencing premarital sex.Conclusion Gender difference was identified on the pattern of migration and its relationship with premarital sex among out-of-school rural youths in Hainan province.When prevention program is developed for rural youth,these differences should be taken into account.

Escolha de parceiro para acasalamento em Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae): influência do envelhecimento dos machos no sucesso de cópula / Mating choice of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae): influence of male ageing on mating success

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da senescência no sucesso de cópula e na secreção de feromônio sexual por machos de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). O efeito do envelhecimento do macho sobre o acasalamento foi analisado utilizando-se machos com cinco e 21 dias de idade, através do seu sucesso de copula (escolha dos machos pela fêmea para cópula) e pela quantidade de machos que emitiram feromônio sexual. O sucesso de cópula foi avaliado através de várias proporções de machos jovens em relação a machos velhos pelo aumento do número de machos velhos:machos jovens de 1:1 até 5:1. O sucesso de cópula na proporção de 1:1 também foi avaliado em gaiola de campo. A avaliação do sucesso de cópula (na proporção 1:1) demonstrou clara preferência das fêmeas pelos machos jovens. A emissão de feromônio sexual foi mais comum em machos jovens do que em machos velhos. Mesmo em casos onde os machos velhos foram mais abundantes (proporções 2:1 e 3:1), as fêmeas continuaram escolhendo os machos jovens. Entretanto, as fêmeas não distinguiram mais os machos jovens em relação aos machos velhos nas proporções 4:1 ou 5:1. Os resultados indicam que o envelhecimento dos machos de C. capitata tem considerável efeito negativo sobre seu sucesso reprodutivo, especialmente se eles são encontrados em proporção menor do que 3:1.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of male ageing on male pheromone release and mating success of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The effects of male ageing on mating were evaluated on five and 21 d-old males by assessing their mating success (males chosen by a female for copulation) and the amount of males releasing the sex pheromone. The mating success was evaluated by using several ratios of young to older males by increasing the number of older males:young males from 1:1 to 5:1. The mating success of the 1:1 ratio was also evaluated in field cages. The evaluation of the mating success (in the 1:1 ratio) showed a clear preference of the females for young males. Sex pheromone emission was much more common on young than older males. Even in cases were older males were more abundant (ratios 2:1 and 3:1), females still chose the young males. However, females could not distinguish young from older males in ratios of 4:1 or 5:1. Our data indicate that the ageing of C. capitata males has a considerable negative effect on their reproductive success, especially if they are found in a proportion any lower than 3:1.

Relação entre o uso de drogas e comportamento sexual de risco em universitários de um curso de Medicina / Relation between the use of drugs and the risk sex behavior among medical students

Introdução: Os estudantes de Medicina são descritos como uma categoria de risco para uso de drogas. Objetivos: Verificar a relação existente entre o uso de drogas e comportamentos sexuais de risco entre universitários do primeiro ao oitavo semestres do Curso de Medicina da Universidade de Sul de Santa Catarina, câmpus Tubarão. Metodologia: Estudo observacional de delineamento transversal com amostra composta por 245 (76,8 por cento) alunos do primeiro ao oitavo semestres. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e o Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) para monitorar a prevalência de comportamentos do uso de substâncias e de riscos entre jovens. Resultados: A prevalência de uso “na vida” de álcool foi de 92,3 por cento, fumo 60 por cento, maconha 27,3 por cento e cocaína de 4,5 por cento. Em geral, a prevalência foi maior no gênero masculino comparado ao gênero feminino. Em relação ao comportamento sexual, os homens tiveram relações com um número maior de parceiras e relataram mais o uso de drogas e álcool antes das relações. Já as estudantes relataram mais vezes não ter usado preservativo na última relação sexual. Conclusões: A pesquisa encontrou uma associação entre o uso de drogas e álcool e comportamento sexual de risco, bem como demonstrou altos índices de uso de substâncias psicoativas entre os alunos. Ambos os gêneros colocam-se com frequência em situações de risco sexual, porém com padrões diferentes de comportamento. Tal fato é importante para o direcionamento de políticas universitárias diferenciadas para cada gênero, abordando especificamente os comportamentos de risco mais frequentemente apresentados por eles.

Introduction: Medical students are described as an at-risk category for the use of drugs. Aims: To determine the connection between drug use and risky sex behavior among first to eighth semester medical undergraduates at the course of medicine of the Universidade de Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão campus. Methods: Observational, transversal trial with a sample of 245 (76.8 percent) students of the first through the eighth semester. A social demographic questionnaire and the Youth Risk Behavior (YRBS) were applied to monitor the prevalence of substance use and risk behaviors among the young. Results: The prevalence of lifetime use of alcohol was 92.3 percent, smoking 60 percent, cannabis 27.3 percent, and cocaine 4.5 percent. Overall, the prevalence of substance use was higher among males than among females. Concerning sex behavior, the males had sex relations with more partners and reported more use of drugs and alcohol before intercourse. On the other hand, the females more often reported not having used condoms during the last intercourse. Conclusions: An association between alcohol/drug use and risk sex behavior was found, as well as high rates of psychoactive substance use among the students. Both genders engage in high risk sex behaviors, however with different patterns. This could be helpful in directing the university policies to each gender, so as to specifically address their most typical behaviors.

Prevalence of condom use and associated factors in a sample of university students in southern Brazil / Prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de preservativos masculinos entre universitários no Sul do Brasil

This article focuses on the frequency of condom use and associated factors in university students, based on a cross-sectional study of 633 students in 2006. Associations were investigated using a logistic regression model with 5 percent significance. Condom use prevalence was 60 percent. Having candidiasis was a protective factor for condom use in both sexual initiation (OR = 0.49; 95 percentCI: 0.31-0.79) and the most recent sexual intercourse (OR = 0.39; 95 percentCI: 0.24-0.65). Condom use was associated with single marital status (OR = 2.89; 95 percentCI: 1.60-5.23) and having a sex partner froim the health field (OR = 0.50; 95 percentCI: 0.34-0.75). Condom use was high in all sexual relations in this sample of university students. Single marital status and having a sex partner from a health-related course were positively associated with condom use in the most recent intercourse. Self-reported genital candidiasis was protective for condom use during early sexual activity and in the most recent sexual relation. Belonging to the health field did not show a significant impact on the use of male condoms.

Este estudo verificou a freqüência e fatores associados ao uso de preservativos em universitários, por meio de estudo transversal com 633 estudantes, em 2006. Para avaliar associação foi utilizado o modelo de regressão logística em nível de 5 por cento de significância. A prevalência do uso de preservativos foi de 60 por cento. Ter candidíase foi um fator de proteção tanto para uso de preservativos na primeira (OR = 0,49; IC95 por cento: 0,31-0,79) quanto na última relação sexual (OR = 0,39; IC95 por cento: 0,24-0,65). O uso de preservativos na última relação sexual foi associado à relação marital não-estável (OR = 2,89; IC95 por cento: 1,60-5,23) e parceiro(a) pertencer à área da saúde (OR = 0,50; IC95 por cento: 0,34-0,75). Concluindo, a freqüência do uso de preservativos, em todas as relações sexuais, entre os estudantes universitários é alta. A relação marital não-estável e possuir parceiro do curso da área da saúde relacionaram-se positivamente ao uso de preservativos durante a última relação sexual. Relato de ter candidíase genital demonstrou proteção para uso de preservativos no início da atividade sexual e na última relação sexual. Pertencer à área da saúde não influenciou significativamente o uso de preservativos masculinos.

Educação e vulnerabilidade a doenças sexualmente transmissíveis/HIV entre militares em um quartel em Porto Alegre, RS / Education and vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases/HIV among members of a military unit in Porto Alegre, RS

Introdução: As doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) são assunto frequente nos diversos veículos de informação, acessíveis a todas as faixas etárias e classes sociais, e alvo de campanhas de divulgação, educação e prevenção, motivadas pela grande relevância deste grupo de doenças em matéria de saúde pública. Apesar disso, ainda são crescentes os casos de DST em serviços de atendimento primário de saúde, o que põe em questionamento as razões para tal incapacidade de controle destas doenças. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o conhecimento dos soldados recrutas de um quartel em Porto Alegre, RS, acerca da transmissão do vírus da imunodeficiência humano (HIV), bem como verificar a ocorrência de práticas comportamentais de risco para transmissão ou aquisição de DST. Métodos: Após aprovação do projeto por comitê de ética em pesquisa, autorização pelo comandante da organização militar selecionada e consentimento dos sujeitos da pesquisa, foi aplicado um questionário semi-estruturado a 195 soldados incorporados no ano de 2007 em um quartel em Porto Alegre, RS. Resultados: Os resultados deste trabalho mostram que embora exista adequado conhecimento sobre as formas de transmissão do vírus HIV pela maioria dos entrevistados, há ocorrência de comportamentos de risco, como a prática de sexo sem preservativos nas relações sexuais, e há referência à percepção de que a ocorrência de DST é pouco possível em suas vidas. Conclusões: Infere-se, com base nestes resultados, que embora haja conhecimento correto sobre as formas de transmissão de DST pela população estudada, há falta de comprometimento e responsabilidade ao não praticar sexo de forma segura.

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are frequently discussed in the news and midia - easily accessed by people at any age and social cast – and have been the purpose of several campaigns, educational and prevention programs, once it is a huge concern in public health matters. Despite that, cases of STD are still rising in primary attention centers, what stimulates questions on the reason why it is so difficult to control it. Aim: The present paper aimed to verify the knowledge on STD/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission and patterns of sex behavior among recruited soldiers of a military unit in Porto Alegre, RS. Methods: After approval of the ethics review board and the commandant of the military unit, an informed consent was obtained from the 195 subjects of the survey before application of a questionnaire containing topics on STD. Results: The results showed that despite an adequate knowledge on the transmission of STD/HIV, there are still a great number of risky attitudes in sex behavior, like the practice of sex without condoms, and a low chance self-perception for getting sick with a STD. Conclusions: The authors question the reason of the lack of commitment and responsibility among the population studied, once it was noted a correct perception on the transmission of STD/HIV.

Foreign Bodies in Urethra and Bladder by Implements Used during Sex Behavior / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: The variety of foreign bodies inserted into the genitourinary tract defies imagination, and their extraction should be tailored as surgery, endoscopic manipulation and dissolution according to the nature of the foreign bodies and should minimize bladder and urethral injury. In the current study, we present 7 cases of foreign bodies that occured during sexual behavior, along with a brief review of some related literatures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 7 patients who were diagnosed and treated from June 1995 to December 2002, were reviewed for their brief histories and important findings including radiographic findings. RESULTS: Foreign bodies were found in the bladder(3 cases), urethra(3 cases), and both bladder and urethra(1 case). Four patients underwent endoscopic removal of the foreign bodies, while open surgery was required for the other three since endoscopic procedure was not successful in two patients, and could not be applied to the third. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic removal is the treatment of choice for inserted foreign bodies. Open surgery, however, can be considered if endoscopic procedure fails or cannot be applied.

The Relationship of Age and High Risk Behaviors Related to HIV/AIDS among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To study the relationship of age and high risk behaviors (HRBs) related to HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Methods One thousand one hundred and nine anonymous questionnaires were collected from MSM in 1999. Univariate analyses were applied to clarify the relation of the age and HRBs. Results The numbers of accumulative partners and oral intercourse behavior were higher in 35 ~ 44 age group (P

Conducta sexual en adolescentes varones y anticoncepción / Sexual behavior in male adolescents and contraception

Se realiza un estudio prospectivo y longitudinal con el objetivo de determinar el grado de conocimiento, utilización y responsabilidad sexual ante la anticoncepción de adolescentes varones en nuestro medio. Se aplicó el método porcentual a las variables y para este fin se confeccionó una encuesta que fue aplicada de forma anónima y voluntaria a 400 varones de la enseñanza media, en el mes de mayo de 1999 en el municipio de Guane; las edades extremas de la muestra fueron los 13 y 18 años. Se encontró un elevado porcentaje de jóvenes con conocimientos sobre los métodos anticonceptivos, lo cual pone de manifiesto una disociación entre el conocimiento y la utilización de los métodos anticonceptivos del adolescente varón. La principal vía de conocimiento sobre los métodos está inculcada a la supuesta disminución de las sensaciones durante el coito que provoca el uso del condón; por último, se encuentra una tendencia machista respecto a la responsabilidad sexual del adolescente varón, lo que está dado por el no conocimiento de su responsabilidad ante la anticoncepción, así como el criterio de sentirse con el derecho de exigir a su pareja una relación segura(AU)

A prospective and longitudinal study was conducted in order to determine the degree of knowledge, use and sexual responsiblity of male adolescents in relation to contraception in our environment. The percentage method was applied to the variables and an anonymous and voluntary survey was done among 400 males aged 13-18 from the middle educational level, in the municipality of Guane, in May, 1999. It was found that a high proportion of teenagers knew about the contraceptive methods, which shows a dissociation between the knowledge and the utilization of contraceptive methods in the adolescent male. The main way of knowldege about these methods is associated with the supposed reduction of sensations produced by the use of condom during the sexual intercourse. It was also observed a trend toward machism concerning the sexual responsibility of the male adolescent due to the fact that they ignore their responsibilty as regards contraception and that they consider having the right to demand from their partners a safe sexual relation(AU)

Concepciones y comportamiento sexual en un grupo de adolescentes atendidos por el médico de la familia*

Se estudiaron 89 adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años de edad del consultorio "Los Carritos" del Policlínico Docente "Ramiro Betancourt" de Palma Soriano, con el propósito de indagar acerca de sus concepciones y comportamiento en la esfera sexual. Entre los principales hallazgos figuran que las primeras manifestaciones de actividad sexual en hembras y varones aparecieron en mayor proporción en edades anteriores a la maduración sexual; en la selección de la pareja primaron los criterios morales y aquéllos que respondieron a sus gustos, aunque existió un grupo significativo en el que se constató superficialidad en su elección; las prácticas sexuales más realizadas en el sexo masculino fueron la masturbación y el intercambio de besos y caricias y en el femenino, esta última y las manipulaciónes recíprocas en las zonas más excitables del cuerpo. Resultó interesante el hecho de que estos adolescentes tuvieran un nivel bajo de conocimiento relacionado con las enfermedades de transmisión sexual y su prevención, así como de los métodos anticonceptivos y su utilización.

89 adolescents between 10 and 19 years from "Los Carritos" family physician's office of the "Ramiro Betancourt" Teaching Polyclinic, in Palma Soriano, were studied aimed at knowing about their conceptions and behavior in the sexual sphere. Among the main findings it is the fact that the first manifestations of sexual activities in females and males appeared mostly at ages previous to sexual maturity. The moral criteria and likes predominated at the time of selecting a date. The most used sexual practices in the male sex were masturbation and the exchange of kisses and caresses. This latter and the reciprocal manipulations in the most excitable zones of the body were the most common among females. It was interesting to observe that these adolescents had a poor knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention, as well as of the contraceptive methods and their utilization.

Pharmacological Actions of Shenbao Mixture in Improving Sexual Function / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective: To observe the pharmacological actions of Shenbao mixture on sex function in mice. Methods: Accessory sex organ weight and sperm activity in normal and model mice with kidney-yang deficiency induced by hydrocortisone were observed. The number of keratocytes,wet weight of the uterus and serum estradiol level in ovariectomized rats were examined. Sexual behavior and immune function were also observed. Results: Shenbao mixture can increase the accessory sex organ weight in normal and model mice, enhance the sperm activity and sexual behavior in normal mice and increase the number of vaginal keratocytes, wet weight of the uterus and serum estradiol level in ovariectomized rats. Shenbao mixture could also increase the wet weight of the thymus and the spleen and promote the proliferation of lymphocytes in model mice. Conclusion: Shenbao mixture can improve the sex function of mice.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR THE KIDNEY REINFORCING AND KIDNEYYANG INVIGORATING ACTION OF SHENEBUTIAN ORAL LIQUID / 中药新药与临床药理

Through the sexual activity test in Drosophila melanogaster,the antistress test in mice,the influence on sexual gland development of young mice model with yang-deficiency and the Vc content of adrenal gland in rats, the kidney reinforcing and kidney-yang invigorating action of Shen'ebutin oral liquid(SBOL)was evaluated and compared with Guilinji(GLJ),a traditional tonic prescription recorded in Chinese pharmacopocia(1990 edition).The results showed that the therapeutic effects of SBOL were evident and were stronger than GLJ in some aspects.

Sexual Behavior of High School Students and Its Relationship with Attachment to Parents and Peers / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the sexual behavior of high school students of Beijing and its relationship to parent and peer attachment.Methods:847 students of two high schools in Beijing were investigated with self-designed inventory on sexual behavior and Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment.Results:The age of first menstruation among girl was 12.7,that of first semen loss of boys was 13.2.3.3% students had sex intercourse(in boys 16/350,in girls 12/497),the average age of them was 16.0.39.1% students had dating experience.The source of sex information came mainly from friends(38.8%),books and newspaper(24.5%),and school education(15.8%).Boys had more positive attitude to sex behavior of peers than girls.Students with safe attachment to parents were more conservative to sex behavior than those with unsafe attachment to parents.They also had less sexual behaviors.Conclusion:Sex behavior and attitude of high school students in Beijing have week association with attachment pattern.