Quality of Life and Sexual Function in Women with Liver Cirrhosis in Colombia

Introduction: The female sex has been systematically identified as one of the predictors of poor quality of life in patients with cirrhosis. However, the relationship between quality of life and sexual function in women with cirrhosis has not been widely studied. Aim: To determine the relationship between quality of life and sexual function in women with cirrhosis. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational study. Female patients aged 18 to 69 years were included. The SF-36-V2 survey assessed health-related quality of life, and the IFSF-6 evaluated sexual function. Univariate and multivariate linear regression was used to identify the relationship between quality of life and sexual function. Statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. Results: 36 patients were available for analysis. The average age was 61 years. In the SF36-V2 survey, the physical component summary mean was 58, and the mental component summary mean was 56. The IFSF-6 had an average of 10. Sexual dysfunction occurred in 80% of patients. The IFSF-6 score was positively related to health-related quality of life. Factors associated with the deterioration of sexual function were age and menopause. The Child-Pugh score and body mass index were the main determinants of health-related quality of life. Conclusions: Sexual function could be a determinant of quality of life in women with cirrhosis.

Introducción: El sexo femenino se ha identificado de forma sistemática como uno de los predictores de mala calidad de vida en pacientes con cirrosis. Sin embargo, la relación de la calidad de vida con la función sexual en mujeres con cirrosis no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la calidad de vida y la función sexual de mujeres con cirrosis. Métodos: Estudio observacional de tipo transversal. Se incluyó a pacientes femeninas de 18 a 69 años. Se utilizó la encuesta SF-36-V2 para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y la IFSF-6 para valorar la función sexual. Para identificar la relación entre calidad de vida y función sexual se utilizó una relación lineal uni- y multivariante. La significación estadística se fijó con un valor p < 0,05. Resultados: 36 pacientes estuvieron disponibles para el análisis. La media de edad fue de 61 años. En la encuesta SF36-V2, la media del resumen del componente físico fue de 58 y la media del resumen del componente mental fue de 56. El IFSF-6 tuvo una media de 10. La disfunción sexual se presentó en un 80% de las pacientes. El puntaje IFSF-6 se relacionó de forma positiva con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Los factores relacionados con deterioro de la función sexual son la edad y la menopausia. La escala Child-Pugh y el índice de masa corporal se identificaron como los principales determinantes de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Conclusiones: La función sexual podría ser un determinante de calidad de vida de las mujeres con cirrosis.

Comparison of sexual functions in women with and without type 1 diabetes

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate female sexual function in patients with type 1 diabetes by comparing female sexual function index scores between women with and without type 1 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 62 women with type 1 diabetes and 69 age-matched women without diabetes but with similar backgrounds were enrolled in the patient and control groups, respectively. All participants were sexually active and had no systemic diseases other than diabetes in the patient group. RESULTS: The frequency of female sexual dysfunction was significantly higher, and the mean female sexual function index score was significantly lower in women with diabetes compared to the control group (p=0.01). There was a significant relationship between sexual dysfunction and duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin test, and body mass index (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that female sexual dysfunction is more common among women with type 1 diabetes than among women without type 1 diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes should be evaluated in terms of sexual health. Health professionals should give more attention to and provide guidance regarding sexual function in women with type 1 diabetes.

Sexual dysfunction in the climacteric period and associated factors / Disfunção sexual no climatério e fatores associados

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate associated factors with sexual dysfunction among middle-aged women. Methods: cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out with climacteric women attended at a Family Health Strategy Unit in the city of Montes Claros, MG. Brazil. The eligible women answered a question form containing sociodemographic, behavioral, anthropometric, gynecological factors and sexuality. The Body Mass Index and waist circumference were used to assess nutritional status and metabolic risk. To evaluate quality of life and sexual performance the Menopause Rating Scale and the Sexual Quotient - Female Version were used, respectively. Bivariate analysis and hierarchical multiple regression were used to identify associated factors with sexual dysfunction in the climacteric period. Results: among 195 women, 29.6% had sexual dysfunction. The prevalence of unsatisfactory sexual performance was higher among women who reported moderate to severe climacteric symptoms (OR=2.47) and lower schooling level was also associated (OR=1.95). However, age at menarche below 12 years (OR=0.43) and non-white (OR=0.36) seem to have a protective effect for good sexual performance. Conclusion: the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was high and the level of schooling and climacteric symptomatology were associated factors with this outcome.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar os fatores associados à disfunção sexual entre as mulheres de meia-idade. Métodos: estudo de corte transversal e analítico realizado com mulheres climatéricas atendidas em uma Unidade de Estratégia de Saúde da Família no município de Montes Claros-MG, Brasil. As mulheres elegíveis responderam a um formulário contendo questões sociodemográficas, comportamentais, antropométricas, fatores ginecológicos e sexualidade. Utilizou-se o Índice e Massa Corporal e a circunferência da cintura para avaliar o estado nutricional e risco metabólico. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida e o desempenho sexual foram utilizados a Menopause Rating Scale e o Quociente Sexual -Versão Feminina, respectivamente. Empregou-se análise bivariada e regressão múltipla hierarquizada para identificar fatores associados à disfunção sexual no climatério. Resultados: dentre 195 mulheres, 29,6% apresentaram disfunção sexual. A prevalência de desempenho sexual insatisfatório foi maior entre as mulheres que declararam sintomas climatéricos moderados a graves (OR = 2,47) e o menor grau de escolaridade (OR = 1,95). No entanto, a idade da menarca abaixo de 12 anos (OR = 0,43) e a cor de pele não branca (OR = 0,36) parecem ter efeito protetor para o bom desempenho sexual. Conclusão: a prevalência de disfunção sexual foi elevada e o nível de escolaridade e a sintomatologia climatérica foram fatores associados a esse resultado.

Asociación entre la esterilización quirúrgica y la disfunción sexual femenina: revisión narrativa / Association between tubal sterilization and female sexual dysfunction: narrative review

Resumen OBJETIVO: Revisar el estado actual del conocimiento acerca de la asociación entre la esterilización quirúrgica femenina y la disfunción sexual en la mujer. METODOLOGIA: Estudio retrospectivo efectuado con base en la búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos publicados en inglés y español en las bases de datos de PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE y EBSCO entre los años 1990 y 2022. Se seleccionaron artículos con estudios de cohorte, observacionales, casos y controles, revisiones bibliográficas sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos y metanálisis. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 50 artículos de los que se excluyeron 38 por duplicidad, idioma diferente al inglés o español, sin relación con el tema específico o no estaban completos. Al final se incluyeron 12 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios para la revisión. CONCLUSIONES: La asociación entre esterilización quirúrgica y disfunción sexual femenina ha sido ampliamente discutida, pero poco estudiada. Los ensayos disponibles son observacionales efectuados en contextos socioculturales diversos, con desenlaces contradictorios y con limitaciones metodológicas. Los resultados obtenidos varían según el contexto sociocultural y el papel de la mujer en la sociedad donde se estudia, las creencias religiosas y el grado de escolaridad. Es necesario emprender más estudios con mejor calidad metodológica para establecer recomendaciones más precisas y, así, repercutir en la salud sexual de las mujeres.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Review current status of knowledge about the association between female surgical sterilization and sexual dysfunction in women. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective study based on a literature search of articles published in English and Spanish in PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE and EBSCO databases between 1990 and 2022. Articles with cohort, observational, case-control, systematic literature reviews, clinical trials and meta-analyses were selected. RESULTS: We obtained 50 articles of which 38 were excluded due to duplicity, language other than English or Spanish, unrelated to the specific topic or not complete. In the end, 12 articles that met the criteria for review were included. CONCLUSIONS: The association between surgical sterilization and female sexual dysfunction has been widely discussed, but little studied. The available trials are observational conducted in diverse sociocultural contexts, with contradictory outcomes and methodological limitations. The results obtained vary according to the sociocultural context and the role of women in the society being studied, the religious beliefs and level of schooling. More studies with better methodological quality are needed to establish more precise recommendations and thus have an impact on women's sexual health.

Sexual Function and Associated Factors in Postmenopausal Women / Função sexual e fatores associados em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Abstract Objective To assess the sexual function and associated factors in postmenopausal women. Methods This a descriptive, cross-sectional study with 380 women aged 40 to 65 years, users of public health services in 2019. Questionnaires were applied on demographic characteristics, on climacteric symptoms (menopause rating scale) and on sexual function (sexual quotient, female version). Bivariate andmultiple analyses by logistic regression were performed, with adjusted odds ratios (ORad) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results More than half (243/64%) of the participating women were at risk of sexual dysfunction, with lower scores in the domains of sexual desire and interest, comfort, orgasm, and satisfaction. Women with a partner (ORad 2.07; 95%CI 1.03-4.17) and those who reported sleep problems (ORad 2.72; 95%CI 1.77-4.19), depressed mood (ORad 2.03; 95%CI 1.32-3.10), sexual complaints (ORad 8.16; 95%CI 5.06-13.15), and vaginal dryness (ORad 3.44; 95%CI 2.22-5.32) showed greater chance of sexual dysfunction. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction, with the influence of conjugality and climacteric symptoms on sexual function.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a função sexual e fatores associados em mulheres na pósmenopausa. Métodos Este é umestudo descritivo, transversal, com380 mulheres de 40 a 65 anos, usuárias de serviços de saúde públicos em 2019. Foram aplicados questionários sobre características demográficas, sobre sintomas climatéricos (menopause rating scale) e sobre a função sexual (Quociente Sexual, versão feminina). Análises bivariada e múltipla por regressão logística foram realizadas, com cálculo de odds ratio ajustado (ORaj) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (ICs95%). Resultados Mais da metade (243/64%) das mulheres participantes no estudo apresentou risco de disfunção sexual, com escores mais baixos dos domínios desejo e interesse sexual, conforto, orgasmo e satisfação. Mulheres com companheiro (ORaj 2,07; IC95% 1,03-4,17) e aquelas que relataram problemas de sono (ORaj 2,72; IC95% 1,77-4,19), ânimo depressivo (ORaj 2,03; IC95% 1,32-3,10), queixas sexuais (ORaj 8,16; IC95% 5,06-13,15) e ressecamento vaginal (ORaj 3,44; IC95% 2,22-5,32) apresentaram maior chance de disfunção sexual. Conclusão Houve prevalência elevada de disfunção sexual, com influência da conjugalidade e dos sintomas climatéricos sobre a função sexual.

Disfunción sexual y uso de drogas en mujeres: una relación etiológica recíproca / Sexual dysfunction and drug use in women: A reciprocal etiologic relationship

Resumen Objetivo: Realizar una reflexión sobre la relación etiológica recíproca entre la disfunción sexual femenina y la drogodependencia, y sus implicaciones prácticas e investigativas. Materiales y métodos: Se presenta una descripción de los efectos y las consecuencias a corto y a largo plazo del uso de drogas en mujeres y se analiza si el uso de drogas es la causa de la disfunción sexual o si, por el contrario, la disfunción sexual conduce al uso de drogas. Asimismo, se discute la necesidad de ahondar en la investigación que relaciona estas dos variables y sus implicaciones clínicas. Conclusión: El consumo de drogas afecta la función sexual femenina, por lo que es pertinente un diagnóstico inicial y la rehabilitación sexual tras el uso crónico de sustancias psicoactivas; asimismo, se hace indispensable implementar medidas profilácticas para disminuir el uso de drogas en la actividad sexual y sus consecuencias asociadas, y ampliar la investigación de esta área del conocimiento médico y psicológico.

Abstract Objective: To reflect on the reciprocal etiologic relationship between female sexual dysfunction and drug abuse, and its implications for practice and research. Materials and Methods: A description of the effects and short-term and long-term consequences of drug use in women is presented together with an analysis of whether drug use is the cause of sexual dysfunction or on the contrary, if sexual dysfunction leads to drug abuse. The need to conduct further research into the relationship between these two variables and their clinical implications is also discussed. Conclusion: Drug use affects female sexual function, hence the importance of initial diagnosis and sexual rehabilitation following chronic use of psychoactive substances; Implementing prophylactic measures in order to reduce drug use during sexual activity and its associated consequences; and expanding research in this area of medical and psychological knowledge.

Incidencia a un año de deseo sexual hipoactivo en mujeres que planifican con implante subdérmico de levonorgestrel. Estudio de cohorte. Armenia, Colombia, 2014-2019 / One-year incidence of low libido in women using levonorgestrel subdermal implant as contraception. Cohort study. Armenia, Colombia, 2014-2019

RESUMEN Objetivo: definir la incidencia de deseo sexual hipoactivo (DSH) en mujeres que planifican con el implante subdérmico de levonorgestrel (LNG) después de 12 meses, y conocer otros efectos adversos. Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte, cuyas participantes fueron mujeres mayores de 18 años sin hijos ni embarazos previos y con pareja estable, a quienes se les había insertado el implante de LNG al menos tres meses previos en una clínica privada de carácter universitario en Armenia (Quindío), Colombia, entre 2014 y 2019. Se excluyeron mujeres con antecedentes de disfunción sexual, infecciones de transmisión sexual en los últimos 6 meses, peso mayor a 89 Kg y dificultades para el seguimiento. El muestreo fue consecutivo. Se describieron las características de la población estudiada, se estimó la incidencia acumulada de DSH y efectos adversos relacionados con el implante subdérmico de LNG Resultados: participaron 238 mujeres cuya edad media fue de 24,69 (DE ± 5,82) años. Se determinó una incidencia de deseo sexual hipoactivo del 18,82%. El 60,25% de las mujeres fueron diagnosticadas con DHS en los primeros 6 meses de seguimiento. Los efectos adversos se hicieron presentes desde los primeros 3 meses de la inserción del implante, el sangrado irregular (62,34%) fue el más frecuente, seguido de la amenorrea (38,91%) y el aumento de peso (33,89%). Conclusiones: es importante que los médicos y las usuarias se informen sobre la presencia del trastorno de deseo sexual hipoactivo y los efectos adversos que pueden surgir con el uso del implante subdérmico de levonorgestrel. Las futuras investigaciones deben confirmar estos hallazgos, así como su eventual base fisiológica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the incidence of low libido in women using the levonorgestrel (LNG) sub-dermal implant for contraception after 12 months and to identify other adverse effects. Materials and methods: Cohort study that included women over the age of 18, with no children or prior gestations and in a stable relationship, with an LNG implant inserted at least three months before in a private teaching hospital in Armenia (Quindío), Colombia, between 2014 and 2019. Women with a history of sexual dysfunction, sexually transmitted infections in the past six months, weighing more than 89 kg and difficult to follow were excluded. Consecutive sampling was used. The characteristics of the study population were described, the cumulative incidence of low libido and the adverse effects related to the LNG sub-dermal implant after 12 months of follow-up were estimated. The tool used was the Female Sexual Dysfunction Index (FSFI). Descriptive statistics were applied. Results: The participants were 238 women with a mean age of 24.69 (SD ± 5.82) years. An 18.82% incidence of low libido was found. In 60.25% of the women were diagnosed with low libido in the first 6 months of follow-up. Adverse effects manifested as early as 3 months after the insertion of the implant, the most frequent being irregular bleeding (62.34%), followed by amenorrhea (38.91%) and weight gain (33.89%). Conclusions: It is important for practitioners and users to become aware of the presence of low libido disorder and the adverse events that may occur with the use of the levonorgestrel subdermal implant. Future research is required to confirm these findings and the underlying physiological cause.

Sexo e gravidez de alto risco: uma comparação da função sexual entre segundo e terceiro trimestres / High-risk sex and pregnancy: a comparison of sexual function between second and third trimesters

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da gestação sobre a função sexual feminina, comparando se houve diferença significativa entre os dois últimos trimestres gestacionais. Métodos: Foi realizada no serviço de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia do Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie, por meio do questionário Female Sexual Function Index (IFSF). Cento e quinze pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos (T2, correspondente ao segundo trimestre gestacional; T3, correspondente ao terceiro trimestre gestacional), apresentando taxa de disfunção sexual de 47,8%, prevalente em gestantes do grupo T3. Resultados: Houve diferen- ça significativa, entre o segundo e o terceiro trimestre, nas médias do IFSF e nas variáveis excitação, orgasmo e dor, resultando em disfunção sexual prevalente em gestantes do terceiro trimestre gestacional. Conclusão: Não houve diferença significativa nas variáveis desejo, lubrificação e satisfação.(AU)

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of pregnancy on female sexual function, comparing if there was significant difference between the last two gestational trimester. Methods: The research was accomplished in the Gynecology and Obstetrics of Mackenzie Evangelical University Hospital, applying the Female Sexual Function Index (IFSF). One hundred and fifteen patients were combined in two groups (T2 corresponding the second gestational trimester; T3 corresponding the third one), with sexual dysfunction rate of 47.8%, mainly the T3 group. Results: The IFSF's average between the second and the third gestational trimester was significantly different, also the sexual arouse, orgasm and pain variables are higher in the second trimester resulting in sexual dysfunction mostly of pregnant women in the third gestational trimester. Conclusion: The desire, lubrication and satisfaction variables did not have significant difference.(AU)

Suplementación de testosterona durante el climaterio en mujeres con trastorno por deseo sexual hipoactivo / Testosterone supplementation during the climacteric period in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder

A partir del caso de una paciente con trastorno por deseo sexual hipoactivo durante su climaterio y a través del resumen de los resultados de dos revisiones sistemáticas, los autores de este artículo revisan la evidencia sobre la suplementación con andrógenos para el tratamiento de esta condición clínica. Concluyen que su uso sería relativamente seguro a corto plazo, aunque su eficacia no alcanzaría la relevancia clínica y no contamos aún con mayor información sobre la seguridad en el largo plazo. Los autores destacan además que el abordaje de las pacientes con este problema de salud debería ser realizado en forma integral, incluyendo opciones terapéuticas no farmacológicas e informando sobre las incertidumbres todavía presentes. (AU)

Based on the case of a patient with hypoactive sexual desire disorder during her climacteric period and through the summary of the results of two systematic reviews, the authors of this article review the evidence supporting androgen supplementation for the treatment of this clinical condition. They conclude that its use would be relatively safe in the short term, although its efficacy would not reach clinical relevance and no further information on long-term safety is available. The authors also highlight that patients with this health problem should be approached comprehensively, including non-pharmacological therapeutic options and providing information on the uncertainties still present. (AU)

Sexualidad, depresión y antidepresivos. ¿cómo enfrentar este dilema? revisión comprensiva del uso de psicofármacos en trastorno depresivo mayor y sexualidad / A comprehensive review of the use of antipressants drugs in major depressive disorder and sexuality

Resumen A través de una revisión comprensiva, este trabajo pretende entregar al clínico un abordaje de los factores que están involucrados en la práctica clínica cotidiana cuando cruzamos la sexualidad y el episodio depresivo mayor en pacientes monopolares. A nuestro juicio lograr la recuperación funcional en pacientes con trastorno depresivo monopolar incluye a una sexualidad saludable. Para ello se requiere que el clínico tenga el tema en mente, lo aborde en su evaluación, conozca estas relaciones bidireccionales e involucre estas variables en la elección de su tratamiento farmacológico. Incluir a la sexualidad en el proceso de perfilamiento para la elección del tratamiento antidepresivo más eficaz es también nuestro objetivo. Se analizan las estrategias antidepresivas más frecuentes y los grupos farmacológicos más usados en esta área, en concordancia con lo que sabemos hoy de esta diada y sus relaciones con los mecanismos de acción antidepresiva.

The object of this comprehensive review is to provide the clinician with an overview of the factors involved in everyday clinical practice when sexuality is an element of a major depressive episode in monopolar patients. In our opinion, functional recovery in patients with monopolar depressive disorder includes achieving healthy sexuality. This requires the clinician to bear this issue in mind, consider it in his/her assessment, be familiar with these bidirectional relations and involve these variables in his choice of pharmacological treatment. We also consider it important to include sexuality in the profiling process in order to select the most effective antidepressant treatment. We analyse the most frequent antidepressant strategies and the pharmacological groups most used in this area, consistent with what is known today about this diad and how it relates with antidepressant action mechanisms.

Déficit de vitamina D en hombres y mujeres con deseo sexual hipoactivo: Estudio de prevalencia / Vitamin D deficiency in men and women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Prevalence study

Resumen Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia del déficit de vitamina D en hombres y mujeres con deseo sexual hipoactivo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en el período 2011- 2017 en Armenia, Colombia en una muestra de 107 participantes. Se incluyeron hombres y mujeres con diagnóstico en la consulta externa, de una clínica privada de carácter universitario de referencia, de deseo sexual hipoactivo (DSH). Se les realizó cuantificación de 25-hidroxivitamina D [25(OH)D] (calcidiol) y se consideró que en la historia clínica tuvieran diligenciados los cuestionarios: Decreased Sexual Desire Screener (DSDS) o Prueba del Deseo Sexual Inhibido (PDSI), en las mujeres , y el cuestionario Sexual desire inventory (SDI) en los hombres. Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva. Los resultados se exponen de manera agrupada para el total de la población. Resultados: La prevalencia del déficit de vitamina D fue del 63.55 % (34.57 % en hombres y 28.97 % en mujeres). Los niveles de vitamina D fueron inferiores en los hombres respecto a las mujeres, (34.57 vs. 41.36; p<0.001), con mayor porcentaje de deficiencia (21.49 vs. 14.95 % p<0.007) y de insuficiencia (16.82 vs. 10.28 %, p<0.001). Conclusiones: Es considerablemente alta la prevalencia (63.55 %) del déficit de vitamina D, en hombres y mujeres con deseo sexual hipoactivo. Se hace necesaria la cuantificación de sus niveles a fin de establecer la suplencia como parte del tratamiento.

Abstract Objective: To establish the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in men and women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2011 and 2017, in Armenia, Colombia to a group of 107 participants (men and women) that were diagnosed with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in the outpatient department of a private University Referral Clinic. The participants underwent quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] (calcidiol) and it was confirmed if the medical records of the participants had completed some specific questionnaires. The Decreased Sexual Desire Screener (DSDS) or Test of Inhibited Sexual Desire (ISD) was required for women and the Sexual desire inventory (SDI) was required for men. Non-probability sampling for convenience was implemented, descriptive statistics were applied, and the results are presented in a general way for the total population Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 63.55% in total, 34.57% in men and 28.97% in women. Vitamin D levels were lower in men than in women (34.57 vs. 41.36, p <0.001), with a higher percentage of deficiency (21.49 vs. 14.95% p <0.007) and of insufficiency (16.82 vs. 10.28%, p <0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is considerably high in men and women with hypoactive sexual desire. It is necessary to quantify their vitamin D levels in order to establish the substitution as part of the treatment.

Validação da escala curta de avaliação funcional do desejo sexual feminino / Validation of the female sexual desire functional short scale

A disfunção do desejo sexual feminino é prevalente e impacta negativamente sobre a função sexual e a qualidade de vida, mas não existem escalas funcionais que levem em conta função e disfunção. OBJETIVO: construir e validar uma escala curta para avaliação funcional do desejo sexual feminino. MÉTODO: Correlação dos resultados de função do desejo sexual avaliado pelo Índice de Função Sexual Feminina (FSFI) e a nova escala funcional, em uma amostra via internet da população feminina brasileira em geral por meio do teste T de Student e o coeficiente de Spearman. Curva ROC fomentou a análise de corroboração entre os dados do domínio disfunção do desejo do FSFI com a nova escala de avaliação funcional. RESULTADOS: Metade das mulheres da amostra apresentou disfunção sexual pelo FSFI, sendo que um terço apresentou disfunção do desejo sexual. Houve boa correlação entre os resultados da nova escala e do domínio desejo sexual do FSFI, bem como boa sensibilidade e especificidade do modelo pela curva ROC. CONCLUSÃO: a nova escala curta de avaliação funcional do desejo sexual feminino com base na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde pode ser uma ferramenta útil na avaliação da função do desejo sexual feminino.

Female sexual desire dysfunction is prevalent and negatively impacts sexual function and quality of life, but there are no functional scales that take into account function and dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To construct and validate a short scale for functional evaluation of female sexual desire. METHOD: Correlation of sexual desire function results assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the new functional scale in an internet sample of the Brazilian female population in general through the Student's t test and the Spearman coefficient. ROC curve fostered corroborating analysis between data from the FSFI desire dysfunction domain with the new functional assessment scale. RESULTS: Half of the women in the sample had sexual dysfunction by FSFI, and one third had sexual desire dysfunction. There was a good correlation between the results of the new scale and the FSFI sexual desire domain, as well as good sensitivity and specificity of the model by the ROC curve. CONCLUSION: The new short functional rating scale for female sexual desire based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health may be a useful tool in assessing the function of female sexual desire.

Cuidando do prazer no pré-natal: disfunção sexual na gravidez / Caring for antenatal sexual satisfaction: sexual dysfunction in pregnancy / Cuidado del placer en prenatal: disfunción sexual en el embarazo

Durante a gravidez, o exercício da sexualidade pode sofrer alterações, o que gera insegurança e prejudica diretamente a resposta sexual. Este estudo visa investigar a produção bibliográfica sobre a ocorrência de disfunção sexual durante a gravidez. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e de caráter bibliográfico, realizada nas bases BVS, LILACS e SciELO. Foram incluídos artigos disponíveis on-line na íntegra, escritos no idioma português, com afiliação no Brasil. Utilizou-se como descritores: "gravidez", "sexualidade" e "cuidado pré-natal". A gestação interfere nas alterações da função sexual e, consequentemente, no desenvolvimento da disfunção sexual, sendo que as mulheres grávidas evitam a relação sexual principalmente por medo de sentir dor, temor de prejudicar o feto, mal-estar, desconforto corporal e perda do interesse na atividade sexual. O estudo reforça a importância do papel do enfermeiro de identificar e discutir sobre a disfunção sexual durante o cuidado pré-natal.

The exercise of sexuality may undergo changes during pregnancy, creating insecurities and impairing sexual response. This study aims to investigate the literature on sexual dysfunction during pregnancy. For that, an exploratory bibliographic research was performed at the VHL, LILACS, and SciELO databases using the descriptors 'pregnancy', 'sexuality', and 'prenatal care'. Full-text articles, available online, written in Portuguese, and with affiliation in Brazil were included in the study. The results indicate that pregnancy negatively influences sexual function, directly interfering with sexual satisfaction. The presence of sexual disorders interrupting or changing any one of the phases of the sexual response lead to sexual dysfunctions. In this sense, this study reinforces the importance of the role of nurses in identifying and discussing sexual dysfunction.

Durante el embarazo el ejercicio de la sexualidad puede sufrir alteraciones, lo que genera inseguridad y perjudica directamente la respuesta sexual. Este estudio busca investigar la producción bibliográfica sobre la ocurrencia de disfunción sexual durante el embarazo. Esta es una investigación exploratoria y de carácter bibliográfico, realizada en las bases BVS, LILACS y SciELO. Se incluyeron los artículos disponibles en línea en su totalidad, escritos en portugués, con la afiliación en Brasil. Se utilizó como descriptores: "embarazo", "sexualidad" y "cuidado prenatal". El embarazo influye negativamente en la función sexual, interfiriendo directamente en la satisfacción sexual, ya que las mujeres embarazadas evitan tener relación por temor al dolor, a perjudicar el feto, malestar, incomodidad corporal y pérdida del interés en la actividad sexual. El estudio refuerza la importancia del papel del enfermero para identificar y discutir sobre la disfunción sexual durante el cuidado prenatal.

Sexual Function and Factors Affecting Menopause: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this review study is to evaluate sexual function and its effective factors in menopause. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The key words of “menopause,” “postmenopause,” “postmenopausal,” “premenopause,” “pre-menopausal period,” “sexual function,” “sexual health,” “sexuality,” “sexual and gender disorders,” “sexual development,” “sexual dysfunction,” “sexual disorders,” “sexual behavior and “sexual activity” were used in combination with the Boolean operators OR and AND. After reviewing the selected articles, 27 papers were selected based on the criteria for entering the study and the goals set. The results of the reviewed articles showed that, in the physical domain, the factors affecting sexual function can be mentioned, age, hormonal changes, medical problems and reproductive history. Sexual disorders in menopause can be affected by some of the individual and social characteristics and psychological problems. Considering the fact that many psychological and social injuries occur in this period following sexual disorders; therefore, policies and programs for improving the quality of life of women in menopause should be aimed at eliminating sexual dysfunction, correcting attitudes and negative emotions and help to women for more comfortable in menopause.

Metabolic Syndrome Is an Independent Risk Factor for Acquired Premature Ejaculation

PURPOSE: To determine the role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a risk factor for acquired premature ejaculation (PE) after considering the various risk factors, such as lower urinary tract symptoms, erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, and prostatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2012 to January 2017, records of 1,029 men were analyzed. We performed multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for PE, including the covariate of age, marital status, International Prostate Symptom Score, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score, National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score, serum testosterone levels, and all components of MetS. Acquired PE was defined as self-reported intravaginal ejaculation latency time ≤3 minutes, and MetS was diagnosed using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. RESULTS: Of 1,029 men, 74 subjects (7.2%) had acquired PE and 111 (10.8%) had MetS. Multivariate analysis showed that the IIEF overall satisfaction score (odds ratio [OR]=0.67, p<0.001), NIH-CPSI pain score (OR=1.07, p=0.035), NIH-CPSI voiding score (OR=1.17, p=0.032), and presence of MetS (OR=2.20, p=0.022) were significantly correlated with the prevalence of acquired PE. In addition, the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire for Ejaculatory Dysfunction scores and ejaculation anxiety scores progressively decreased as the number of components of MetS increased. CONCLUSIONS: MetS may be an independent predisposing factor for the development of acquired PE. Effective prevention and treatment of MetS could also be important for the prevention and treatment of acquired PE.

Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Sexual Dysfunction

Good sleep is necessary for good health. Sleep health is increasingly recognized as important for physical and mental health by both the medical profession and the general public, and there is great interest in how to avoid and treat sleep disorders and problems. Recent research indicates that insufficient sleep, disrupted sleep, and sleep disorders affect many aspects of human health including sexual function. In fact, patients with urological disorders or erectile dysfunction (ED) may have a sleep disorder that contributes to their urological or sexual dysfunction. Obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, shift work disorder, and restless legs syndrome are all common sleep disorders and are associated with ED and/or other urological disorders. Therefore, careful attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of concomitant sleep disorders in patients with sexual dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of what sleep is and how it is assessed in the clinic or laboratory; our current understanding of the functions of sleep and sleep health; a description of common sleep disorders, as well as how they are diagnosed and treated; and how sleep and its disorders are associated with male sexual dysfunction. Sleep is considered to be a ‘third pillar of health’, along with diet and exercise. With an understanding of common sleep disorders and how they can impact male sexual function, the urologist can ensure that sleep disorders are considered as a contributor to sexual dysfunction in their patients in order to provide them with the optimal treatment for overall health.

Self-reported assessment of female sexual function among Brazilian undergraduate healthcare students: a cross-sectional study (survey)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate female sexual function among young undergraduate women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey conducted among Brazilian undergraduate students. METHODS: This study used online questionnaires to assess sociodemographic and health-related data and used the Brazilian version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) among female undergraduate students aged 18 to 25 years who were regularly enrolled in undergraduate healthcare courses. The FSFI is composed of 19 items that measure female sexual function over the last four weeks, in six domains: desire and subjective stimulation, sexual arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain or discomfort. RESULTS: Among the 149 female undergraduate students evaluated, 43 (28.8%) presented sexual dysfunction (score < 26.55). Health conditions were not associated with female sexual dysfunction. Among the women with sexual dysfunction, all domains of the sexual response cycle were affected (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual dysfunction was identified in at least a quarter of these young undergraduate women and it was not associated with gynecological problems, menstrual cycles, dysmenorrhea, contraceptive use or physical activity.

A Cross-sectional study to explore Sexual dysfunctions among male Hypertensive Patients attending Medicine OPD of Tertiary care centre, Western India

Background: Sexual dysfunction has been traditionally attributed to psychogenic origins and managed bymental health professionals and urologists. However, advances in pathophysiology research point to avascular origin of the problem in the majority of patients, possibly due to atherosclerotic lesions in the genitalarteries that result in decreased blood flow. During management of Hypertension; even the highly skilledphysicians fail to raise the question of sexual dysfunction as they have never been accustomed to do it intheir routine practice.Aim: The study has two aims- (i) to evaluate sexual dysfunctions in male patients of Hypertension and (ii)comparison of sexual dysfunctions and other variables between case and control group.Methodology: Consecutive 200 Hypertensive patients were included in the study. Individuals withcomparable age served as a control group. Detailed socio-demographic variables, substance history andtreatment history for hypertension obtained using a semi-structured Performa. Subject’s sexual dysfunctionswere assessed by ASEX (Arizona Sexual Experience Scale), IIEF (International Index of ErectileDysfunction), PEDT ( Premature ejaculation diagnostic tools).Result: Of the 200 hypertensive patients, 74(37%) participants reported erectile dysfunction, 16(8%)participants reported premature ejaculation, while among 200 normotensive participants, only 8(4%)reported erectile dysfunction, 15(7.5%) reported premature ejaculation. Of the hypertensive participantsstudied, 23% had severe, 8% had moderate, 6% had mild erectile dysfunction. Frequency of erectiledysfunction increase with advancing age.Conclusion: The present study has revealed that erectile dysfunction was a major problem, with a higherprevalence among hypertensive men than normotensive men. Age was considered statistically significantpredictors of erectile dysfunction.Keywords: Sexual dysfunctions, International Index of Erectile dysfunction, Arizona sexual experiencescale, Premature ejaculation diagnostic tools, hypertension

Prevalence and characterisation of sexual dysfunctions in women, in 12 colombian cities, 2009-2016 / Prevalencia y caracterización de las disfunciones sexuales en mujeres, en 12 ciudades colombianas, 2009-2016

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence and characterisation of sexual dysfunctions in a population of sexually active women with ages ranging between 18 and 72 years, in 12 Colombian cities. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study that included women 18 years of age and older, sexually active within the past six weeks, living in Colombia. Excluded were illiterate and pregnant women, women in the first 6 months postpartum, women with a psychiatric disease or neurological deficit, and women with a history of cancer. The study was conducted in healthcare centres in twelve cities (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Cúcuta, Ibagué, Bucaramanga, Villavicencio, Pereira, Manizales and Armenia) between June 2009 and December 2016. A consecutive sampling method was used. The "Female Sexual Function Index" validated in Spanish was applied. Sociodemographic variables, a history of sexual and reproductive health, sexual behaviour, and frequency of overall sexual dysfunction and by type of dysfunction assessed were measured. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed using absolute and relative measurements. A stratified description was made by age under or over 40 years. Results: Of a total of 72,894 candidates for enrolment, 50,991 (69,95%) were ultimate analysed. Mean age was 30.9±10.8 years. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in the study group was 32.97% (16,812 women). The score on the FSFI in the affected women was 24.07±6.18 points. Issues were found with libido in 32.97%, orgasm in 21.93%, arousal in 16,86%, lubrication in 14,79%, and pain in 7.56%. Median sexual dysfunction per woman was 2, found in 64.16%. Conclusion: Among Colombian women, a prevalence of sexual dysfunction is found in close to one-third of the population, characterised mainly by issues with libido and orgasm. Interventions are required in order to establish an immediate diagnostic and therapeutic plan.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia y caracterizar la disfunción sexual en una población de mujeres sexualmente activas, con edades entre 18 y 72 años, en doce ciudades colombianas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal descriptivo. Se incluyeron mujeres mayores de 18 años con actividad sexual en las últimas 6 semanas, y residentes en Colombia. Se excluyeron las mujeres analfabetas, embarazadas o en primeros 6 meses posparto, pacientes psiquiátricas, con deficit neurológico o historial de cáncer. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la consulta externa ginecológica de instituciones hospitalarias privadas en 12 ciudades del país (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Cúcuta, Ibagué, Bucaramanga, Villavicencio, Pereira, Manizales y Armenia) entre junio de 2009 y diciembre de 2016. Se realizó muestreo consecutivo. Se aplicó el Índice de Función Sexual Femenina validado en español. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes de salud sexual y reproductiva, comportamiento sexual, frecuencia de disfunción sexual global y por tipo de disfunción evaluada. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la información utilizando medidas de frecuencia absoluta y relativa para los datos. Se hace descripción estratificada por edad (40 años o menos y mayor de 40 años). Resultados: De un total de 72.894 mujeres candidatas a ingresar se analizaron finalmente 50.991 (69,95 %). La edad promedio fue de 30,9 ± 10,8 años. La prevalencia de disfunción sexual en el grupo estudiado fue del 32,97 % (16.812 mujeres). La puntuación del Índice de Función Sexual Femenina (IFSF) en las mujeres afectadas fue de 24,07 ± 6,18 puntos. Se presentaron dificultades con el deseo (32,97 %), el orgasmo (21,93 %), la excitación (16,86 %), la lubricación (14,79 %) y dolor (7,56 %). La mediana de disfunciones sexuales por mujer fue de 2, que se hizo presente en el 64,16 %. Conclusión: En las mujeres colombianas existe una prevalencia de disfunciones sexuales cercana a la tercera parte de la población, caracterizadas principalmente por trastornos del deseo y del orgasmo. Se requieren intervenciones para establecer un plan diagnóstico y terapéutico inmediato.

The tendency towards the development of psychosexual disorders in androgenetic alopecia according to the different stages of hair loss: a cross-sectional study

Abstract: Background: Androgenetic alopecia is a common dermatological condition affecting both genders. Objective: To evaluate the tendency towards development of psychosexual disorders according to the clinical stages of androgenetic alopecia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 353 patients of both sexes on different clinical stages of hair loss, and the patients were enquired about self-perception, self-esteem, sexual experiences, anxiety and depression states. Hair loss was classified by standardized hair loss scales, and psychological effects were assessed with questionnaires. Results were compared to p<0.05. Results: Negative effects on each psychological parameter of androgenetic alopecia in females were higher than in males. While overall comparisons according to hair loss stages for each parameter were significant in males, only sexual experiences, anxiety and depression values were significant in females. Sexual experiences and depression values were higher in Ludwig 3 than in 1&2, while anxiety was higher in Ludwig 3 than 1. Self-perception values in Norwood 2&2A were higher than 3A, 3V, 4 and 4A, while self-esteem values in 2A were higher than 3&4. Sexual experiences values in 2&2A were lower than 3, 3A, 3V, 4 and 4A, while 3&3A were lower than 4&4A. Depression was lower in 2A than 3, 3A, and 3V, and lower in 2A than 4A. Anxiety was lower in 2A than in 4&4A. Study limitations: Relatively small number of patients, who were from a single center. Conclusions: In the management of androgenetic alopecia, it should be considered that patients may need psychological support according to the clinical stages, because of increased tendency to develop psychosexual disorders.