Epidemiology and exposure management of rabies in Shanxi Province， 2011‒2022 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological features and influencing factors of rabies in Shanxi Province，and to provide evidence to further promote the elimination of rabies in Shanxi Province. MethodsThe incidence data of rabies in Shanxi from 2011 to 2022 were collected and subjected to descriptive analysis. ResultsFrom 2011 to 2022， a total of 348 rabies cases were reported in Shanxi Province， with an average annual incidence of 0.080 3/105. The incidence of rabies showed a downward trend overall. The highest incidence was in August. The cases were mainly farmers， mostly males， and most cases were reported between 50 and 69 years old. The data of cases showed that dogs were the main animals attacking human （93.96%）. The incubation period of most cases was 1‒3 months （37.37%）.The main exposure site was hand（51.33%）. Only 2.66% cases with grade Ⅲ exposure were injected with passive immune agents. ConclusionThe incidence of rabies in Shanxi Province continues to decrease， but there are still loopholes in prevention and control measures. It is necessary to strengthen the management and immunization of dogs，health education， and standardized procedures after exposure to maintain the achievements in the prevention and control of rabies.

The characteristics and influencing factors of medicine cost for orthopedic surgery patients in hospitals of Shanxi province / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of medicine cost for orthopedic surgery patients in Shanxi province， and to provide reference for the rational management of medicine cost in orthopedic surgery patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the case information of 584 204 orthopedic surgery patients in Shanxi province from 2016 to 2021. Medicine cost was analyzed by year， region， hospital level， type of surgery and type of surgical incision. Single factor analysis and generalized linear regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of total medicine cost， and structural equation model was used for verification. RESULTS The research findings indicated that joint replacement surgery （42.61%） and post-fracture external fixation surgery （12.60%） were the most common types of procedures. There was statistical significance in medicine cost for different surgical types among different regions and hospital levels （P＜0.05）. In the Jinzhong region， the total medicine cost for post-fracture external fixation surgery was the highest （[ 11 719.97±4 374.73） yuan]， while in tertiary grade A hospitals， the total medicine cost for post-fracture external fixation surgery was also the highest （[ 13 584.71±4 531.82） yuan]. Among class Ⅰ incision surgeries， the cost of antibiotics for post-fracture external fixation surgery was the highest （[ 1 176.25±341.42） yuan]. Generalized linear regression model revealed that hospital location， hospital level， gender， payment method， length of hospital stays， and surgical type were the independent influencing factors for total medicine cost （P＜0.05）. Structural equation model further disclosed that hospital level， payment type， and surgical type had significant effects on total medicine cost （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Attention should be paid to the high cost of antibiotics for class Ⅰ incision surgery， and further research on their rational use should be conducted.

Preliminary study of machine learning in the screening of proteinuria in rural areas of Shanxi province / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To screen the incidence of proteinuria in rural areas of Shanxi province and construct a risk prediction model of proteinuria based on machine learning algorithm.Methods:It was a cross-sectional investigation study. The residents ≥30 years old in rural areas of Shanxi province from April to November 2019 were screened by multi-stage stratified sampling method, and data from questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and laboratory examinations were collected. Urine albumin/creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g was defined as proteinuria, and the incidence of proteinuria was calculated. Subjects were divided into proteinuria group and non-proteinuria group. The machine learning binary classification model of proteinuria and non-proteinuria was constructed based on the stackable integrated logistic regression algorithm (SE-LR), logistic regression, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest and extreme gradient lift algorithms, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, recall, and F1 weights were used to evaluate the predictive efficiency of the comparison models. Finally, the importance of the predictive features of the model with the best overall performance was ranked.Results:There were 8 869 rural residents included in the study, aged (58.59±9.49) years old, with 3 872 males (43.66%) and 4 997 females (56.34%). The prevalence of proteinuria in rural areas of Shanxi province was 13.49% (1 196/8 869). Blood pressure, pulse, body mass index, waist circumference, proportion of obesity or overweight, proportion of hypertension, proportion of moderate to severe salt intake, glycosylated hemoglobin, uric pH value, urinary specific gravity, proportion of positive urinary occult blood, proportion of positive urinary glucose, proportion of positive urinary ketone body, proportion of urinary red blood cell count ≥5/μl, proportion of urinary white blood cell count ≥10/μl and urinary α1 microglobulin in the proteinuria group were all higher than those in the non-proteinuria group (all P<0.05). The proportions of lack of exercise and drinking history in the proteinuria group were lower than those in non-proteinuria group (both P<0.05). The overall performance of SE-LR model was the best, with the area under the curve (0.736, 95% CI 0.719-0.746) slightly lower than that of the logistic regression model (0.745, 95% CI 0.680-0.762), and the highest accuracy (0.844), recall rate (0.621) and F1 weighting value (0.801). In the SE-LR model, the orders of importance of the top 10 features were urinary α1- microglobulin, urinary occult blood, urinary sugar, uric acid basicity, smoking history,overweight or obesity, body mass index, total cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin and hypertension. Conclusions:The prevalence of proteinuria is high in rural areas of Shanxi province. The risk prediction model of proteinuria established by machine learning algorithm can predict the risk of proteinuria and identify its risk factors, which can provide a scientific basis for disease prevention, intervention, and treatment in the community and clinic to a certain extent.

Exploration and Practice of the "One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One" Innovative Talents Training Mode in Forensic Medicine / 法医学杂志

Talent is one of the basic and strategic supports for building a modern socialist country in all aspects. Since the 1980s, the establishment of forensic medicine major and the cultivation of innovative talents in forensic medicine have become hot topics in higher education in forensic medicine. Over the past 43 years, the forensic medicine team of Shanxi Medical University has adhered to the joint education of public security and colleges, and made collaborative innovation, forming a training mode of "One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One" for innovative talents in forensic medicine. It has carried out "5+3/X" integrated reform, and formed a relatively complete talent training innovation mode and management system in teaching, scientific research, identification, major, discipline, team, platform and cultural construction. It has made a historic contribution to China's higher forensic education, accumulated valuable experience for the construction of first-class major and first-class discipline of forensic medicine, and provided strong support for the construction of the national new forensic talent training system. The popularization of this training mode is conducive to the rapid and sustainable development of forensic science, and provides more excellent forensic talents for national building, regional social development and the discipline construction of forensic science.

Characterization of the anti-fatigue effect of Astragali Radix from the Shanxi Hengshan area and its association with taurine metabolism based on 1H NMR metabolomic technology combined with network pharmacology / 药学学报

The objective of this work was to evaluate the anti-fatigue efficacy of Astragali Radix (AR) from the Shanxi Hengshan area and to reveal possible mechanisms by which it relieves fatigue. Efficacy differences between Guangling (GL) and Hunyuan (HY) AR preparations were compared and evaluated, and an 1H NMR metabolomic technique combined with statistical methods was used to identify the metabolites in different groups of mouse gastrocnemius muscle tissues. The differential metabolites after AR treatments were identified according to VIP and P values and the upstream targets were predicted with the help of Metscape. Cytoscape software was utilized to construct a network map of AR potential anti-fatigue targets. Key differential metabolites were identified based on shared targets and entered into the Metaboanalyst website for pathway enrichment analysis, which led to the preliminary elucidation of the molecular mechanisms. The results showed that intervention with AR can significantly improve the swimming-to-exhaustion time, increase liver glycogen, and reduce urea-nitrogen levels in mice. The difference between GL and HY ARs was relatively small, indicating that the quality of AR produced in the Hengshan area is consistent and stable. The metabolic fingerprints of mouse gastrocnemius muscle tissue extracts were composed of 34 metabolites, and the statistical results showed that 19 differential metabolites were significantly reversed after the Hengshan AR intervention. We found that the anti-fatigue effects of AR in the Shanxi Hengshan area were mainly associated with taurine and hypotaurine metabolism through regulation of GAD1, based on network pharmacological analysis. In conclusion, 1H NMR metabolomic techniques were combined with network pharmacology to compare and evaluate the quality of Hengshan ARs, and further associate the fatigue relieve with the regulation of taurine metabolism. This provides a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of Hengshan ARs and the development of anti-fatigue-related products. The animal experiments in this study followed the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi University and passed the ethical review of animal experiments (Approval No. SXULL2021028).

Screening and expression analysis of transcription factors involved in genuineness of Codonopsis pilosula in Shanxi / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to mine the transcription factors that affect the genuineness of Codonopsis pilosula in Shanxi based on the transcriptome data of C. pilosula samples collected from Shanxi and Gansu, and then analyze the gene expression patterns, which will provide a theoretical basis for the molecular assisted breeding of C. pilosula. Gene ontology(GO) functional annotation, conserved motif prediction, and gene expression pattern analysis were performed for the differential transcription factors predicted based on the transcriptome data of C. pilosula from different habitats. A total of 61 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were screened out from the transcriptome data. Most of the DEGs belonged to AP2/ERF-ERF family, with the conserved motif of [2X]-[LG]-[3X]-T-[3X]-[AARAYDRAA]-[3X]-[RG]-[2X]-A-[2X]-[NFP]. Forty-three of the DEGs showed significantly higher gene expression in C. pilosula samples from Shanxi than in the samples from Gansu, including 11 genes in the AP2/ERF-ERF family, 5 genes in the NAC fa-mily, 1 gene in the bHLH family, and 2 genes in the RWP-RK family, while 18 transcription factors showed higher expression levels in the samples from Gansu. GO annotation predicted that most of the DEGs were enriched in GO terms related to transcriptional binding activity(103), metabolic process(26), and stress response(23). The expression of transcription factor genes, CpNAC92, CpNAC100, CpbHLH128, and CpRAP2-7 was higher in the samples from Shanxi and in the roots of C. pilosula. CpNAC92, CpbHLH128, and CpRAP2-7 responded to the low temperature, temperature difference, and iron stresses, while CpNAC100 only responded to low temperature and iron stresses. The screening and expression analysis of the specific transcription factors CpNAC92, CpNAC100, CpbHLH128, and CpRAP2-7 in C. pilosula in Shanxi laid a theoretical foundation for further research on the mechanism of genuineness formation of C. pilosula.

Analysis of lung cancer incidence and death in the cancer registration areas of Shanxi Province in 2017 / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in the cancer registration areas of Shanxi Province in 2017.Methods:The cancer registration data reported by 12 tumor registration areas of Shanxi in 2017 were sorted out and stratified by urban and rural areas and gender. The number of incidence and death ,the crude incidence and mortality, the cumulative rate (0-74 years), age-specific incidence and mortality, Chinese population standardized rate and world population standardized rate were calculated. The incidence and mortality were standardized by the 2000 China census standard population composition and Segi's world standard population composition.Results:In 2017, there were 2 275 new cases and 1 736 deaths of lung cancer in the tumor registration area of Shanxi Province. The crude incidence rate of lung cancer was 46.72/100 000 (male 63.99/100 000, female 28.80/100 000, urban area 58.05/100 000, rural area 39.09/100 000), Chinese population standardized rate was 31.67/100 000, the world population standardized rate was 32.10/100 000, and the cumulative rate (0-74 years) was 3.87/100 000. The crude mortality rate was 35.65/100,000 (male 49.84/100,000, female 20.93/100,000, urban area 44.53/100,000, rural area 29.67/100 000), Chinese population standardized rate was 23.82/100 000, the world population standardized rate was 24.14/100 000, and the cumulative rate (0-74 years) was 2.69/100,000. Overall, the age-specific incidence and mortality of lung cancer in 2017 were at a low level in 0-44 years age group, and increased rapidly after 45 years age group, and reached a peak in 85 years age group. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer in males were higher than that in females. Although there were some differences in the incidence and mortality of patients with different ago range in urban and rural areas, the overall trend was similar.Conclusions:Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor threatening the health of residents in Shanxi Province. Male, urban areas and middle-aged and elderly population are the focus of cancer prevention and control in Shanxi Province. Lung cancer prevention and control should be targeted carried out according to the differences between urban and rural areas and gender.

Association between Baseline SBP/DBP and All-Cause Mortality in Residents of Shanxi, China: A Population-based Cohort Study from 2002 to 2015 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To investigate the association between blood pressure and all-cause mortality in Shanxi, China.@*Methods@#The '2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey' baseline data in Shanxi province was used. A retrospective investigation was performed in 2015. The effects of SBP and DBP on the all-cause mortality were analyzed using the Cox regression model. The hazard ratio ( @*Results@#The follow-up rate was 76.52% over 13 years, while the cumulative mortality rate for all participants was 917.12/100,000 person-years. The mortality rose with an increasing SBP ( @*Conclusion@#Adults with SBP > 160 mmHg and DBP > 100 mmHg had a higher mortality risk. Sex and age difference was noted in both DBP and mortality risk.

Genetic polymorphism of 23 autosomal STR loci in Han population from Yuncheng, Shanxi Province / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Due to the genetic feature of high diversity than other DNA markers, short tandem repeat (STR) plays key roles in forensic, anthropology, and population genetics. Newly introduced multiple STR kit is more valuable because of the greatly improved discriminatory power with the increase in the number of STR loci. The genetic polymorphic data are essential for the application and research in specific population. This study aims to investigate the genetic polymorphism of Han population residing in Yuncheng district, Shanxi Province, to evaluate the application of 23 STR loci in forensic personal identification and paternity test, and to explore the genetic relationship of Han population between Yuncheng and other populations.@*METHODS@#A total of 23 STR loci were amplified from 525 healthy unrelated individuals from the Han nationality in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province using the AGCU EX25 amplification kit. The products were detected and separated by ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer. Alleles were genotyped by GeneMapper ID (Version 3.2) software, and corresponding frequencies and forensic parameters were calculated. We calculated the genetic distance and plotted the neighboring-joining tree with other 13 population.@*RESULTS@#The allele frequency of the 23 STRs ranged from 0.0010 to 0.5090. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (@*CONCLUSIONS@#These 23 STRs are highly genetic polymorphic and informative in the Han population of Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, which can provide basic data for forensic personal identification, paternity testing, and population genetic research.

Analysis on the experience of inpatients at tertiary hospitals in Shanxi province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the medical services of tertiary hospitals in Shanxi province from the perspective of patients and provide references for improving the quality of medical services.@*Methods@#From April to December 2018, 1 358 patients at 8 tertiary hospitals in Shanxi province were selected for the survey of medical service quality evaluation scale based on patient experience, while the status quo of patient experience in tertiary hospitals in Shanxi province was evaluated, and the multivariate mixed linear model was constructed based on the three-level model of hospital-department-patient to analyze the relevant factors of patient experience. If the quantitative data conform to the normal distribution, it was expressed as ±s. Otherwise, it was expressed as M(QR).@*Results@#The patient experience score was 626±126, which was in the middle level. Whether the hospital was directly affiliated to the teaching hospital, and patient factors(marriage, occupation, education, medical insurance, number of hospital stays, etc.)were the main factors that affect the patient experience score(P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Through the investigation, the influence characteristics of patients′ medical experience were discussed to improve the medical service and the overall service level.

Establishment of Mathematical Models for Skeletal Age Determination of Extremitas Sternalis of Clavicle in Shanxi Adolescents / 法医学杂志

Objective To develop mathematical models for skeletal age determination with multiple statistic method based on the correlation between age and the growth of the epiphysis of extremitas sternalis of clavicle in Shanxi adolescents. Methods The 562 Shanxi sternoclavicular joint samples （454 cases of modelling, 108 cases of external verification） were scanned by the thin-section computed tomography. After volume rendering was obtained, indicators such as area of epiphysis, area of metaphysis, longest diameter of epiphysis and longest diameter of metaphysis of both extremitas sternalis of clavicle were collected. Indicators such as the ratio of area of epiphysis to area of metaphysis, and the ratio of longest diameter of epiphysis to longest diameter of metaphysis of both sides were calculated. Then multiple linear regression and random forest discriminant models were used to build mathematical models for age determination of adolescents. Results The obtained indicators exhibited a strong correlation with age （r>0.85）. The multiple linear regression model for males and females （all 4 indicators entering the model） based on the ratio of longest diameter of epiphysis to longest diameter of metaphysis and the ratio of area of epiphysis to area of metaphysis had an internal validation accuracy rate （±1.0 year） of over 92% and 108 cases had an external validation accuracy rate of over 70% （±1.0 year）. The out of bag error rates of random forest discriminant models were less than 2% for people over 18.0 years old （≥18.0 years old） and under 18.0 years old. The external validation accuracy rates of the 108 cases were over 80%. Conclusion The regression and discriminant models established in this study have certain reliability and accuracy and can be used in age determination of Shanxi adolescents.

Analysis on the status of information release related to hypertension prevention and treatment in Shanxi and Hebei / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To analyze the status of information release and the ability to identify public needs for hypertension prevention and control information in Shanxi and Hebei areas. Methods A systematic data collection method was used to obtain various information about hypertension prevention and control published in Shanxi and Hebei provinces. Based on the Delphi method, sensitive and evaluation indicators for the tertiary prevention of hypertension were determined. To evaluate the degree to which public needs were met in the two areas, the authority, timeliness, continuity, systematicness, and credibility of identifying public needs were calculated. Results The release of information on hypertension prevention and control in Shanxi and Hebei lagged behind that in World Health Organization (WHO) for 2 and 27 years, respectively, and this was mainly carried out by research institutes, with no response from professional associations and government agencies. Information on primary and secondary prevention was first released in 1980 in Shanxi province, while primary prevention information was first released in 2005 in Hebei province. Regarding hypertension prevention and treatment, Shanxi province could meet 6.11% of the public need, and Hebei province could meet 3.57% of it. The five dimensions of authority, timeliness, continuity, systematicness, and credibility of identifying the public need were 11.34%, 25.29%, 0, 50.31%, and 0 in Shanxi province, and 6.86%, 14.54%, 0, 50.00%, and 0 in Hebei province, respectively. Conclusions The ability to identify the public need for information on hypertension prevention and control in Shanxi and Hebei provinces is relatively low. Relevant departments should take measures to enhance the two‐way communication of information and improve the public's knowledge and participation.

Survey on standardized general practice residency training program in Shanxi province / 中华全科医师杂志

A Survey on the current general practice residency training was carried out in January 2018 among 1 114 general practitioners (GPs) who attended the standardized residency training program during 2014-2017. Basic information was obtained from the management department, other information was obtained from questionnaire. Total 1089 valid questionnaires were received with a retrieval rate of 97.8%. The survey showed that the ratios of male trainees, trainees aged 20-30 years and with bachelor degree were increasing during 2014-2017. The participants were more satisfied with the teaching quality in general hospital bases than that in community practice bases. Participants suggested to improve teaching quality, add teaching contents of humanity courses and TCM knowledge. Only14.4%(157/1 089) participants choose GPs as their career because liked this specialty. And 77.7%(846/1 089) GPs understood the main work of GP. There were 81.4%(887/1 089) participants wanted to work in; 77.7%(846/1 089) participants thought that the prospect of general practice would be excellent or good. Increasing income, professional promotion and a sense of social recognition were their wishes. Standardized residency training is crucial for general practitioners to upgrade their quality and competence, to improve training quality and to develop incentive policies are necessary.

Survey on standardized general practice residency training program in Shanxi province / 中华全科医师杂志

A Survey on the current general practice residency training was carried out in January 2018 among 1 114 general practitioners (GPs) who attended the standardized residency training program during 2014-2017.Basic information was obtained from the management department,other information was obtained from questionnaire.Total 1089 valid questionnaires were received with a retrieval rate of 97.8％.The survey showed that the ratios of male trainees,trainees aged 20-30 years and with bachelor degree were increasing during 2014-2017.The participants were more satisfied with the teaching quality in general hospital bases than that in community practice bases.Participants suggested to improve teaching quality,add teaching contents of humanity courses and TCM knowledge.Only14.4％(157/1 089) participants choose GPs as their career because liked this specialty.And 77.7％(846/1 089) GPs understood the main work of GP.There were 81.4％(887/1 089) participants wanted to work in;77.7％(846/1 089) participants thought that the prospect of general practice would be excellent or good.Increasing income,professional promotion and a sense of social recognition were their wishes.Standardized residency training is crucial for general practitioners to upgrade their quality and competence,to improve training quality and to develop incentive policies are necessary.

Production situation and corresponding development strategy of Chinese materia medica injections in Shanxi Province / 中草药

Shanxi is a major province of the Chinese materia medica injections (CMMIs) industry in China. There are 18 manufacturers of CMMIs in Shanxi Province, which can manufacture 30 different kinds of CMMIs. In this paper, the superior manufacturing enterprises, the exclusive and the competitive CMMIs products, as well as their quality control and scientific research situation were summarized and analyzed. In combination with the policies for CMMIs in China, the challenges as well as the further research ideas and strategies for the development of CMMIs industry in China has been put forward.

Effect of Different Processing Methods on Types and Contents of Chemical Constituents in Codonopsis Radix from Shanxi / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish the HPLC fingerprint of raw products,rice-processed products and honey-processed products of Codonopsis Radix from Shanxi,and establish determination of their chemical constituents,which was used to analyze the changes of types and contents of chemical constituents in Codonopsis Radix from Shanxi before and after processing. Method:Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was adopted,the separation process was carried out using a binary gradient elution system composed of 0.5% phosphoric acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile,the column temperature was 30℃ and the detection wavelength was 220 nm. Result:Compared with the corresponding reference fingerprint,the similarities of HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of raw products and processed products were >0.90.In raw products,rice-processed products and honey-processed products of Codonopsis Radix from Shanxi,the contents of lobetyolin were (0.33±0.049),(0.24±0.034),(0.18±0.047) mg·g-1,the contents of atractylenolide Ⅲ were (0.20±0.046),(0.40±0.046),(0.31±0.060) mg·g-1,the contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF) were (0.74±0.16),(1.45±0.19),(1.54±0.12) mg·g-1,respectively. Conclusion:Different processing methods have little effect on types of chemical constituents in Codonopsis Radix from Shanxi,but have great effect on the contents of some chemical constituents.

Development history of tumor radiotherapy in Shanxi province / 肿瘤研究与临床

Tumor radiotherapy is established on the basis of clinical oncology, radio-physics and radiobiology, and has become one of the three major therapeutic methods for malignant tumors. With the pace of socialist construction in China, the subject of radiotherapy in Shanxi province has developed from scratch and from small to large for more than 60 years. Remarkable achievements have been made in the establishment of departments, the updating of technical equipment, the increase of employees and clinical scientific research. This article reviews and summarizes the development history of tumor radiotherapy in Shanxi province.

Analysis on the Revenue and Expenditure Structure of County Public Hospitals in Shanxi from 2010 to 2016 / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To analyze the revenue and expenditure structure of county public hospitals in Shanxi since new medical reform in order to provide evidence about county public hospital reform.Methods:Related data of revenue and expenditure in county public hospitals of Shanxi from 2010 to 2016 were used and analyzed by descriptive analysis and the indicators of the structural changes.Results:The effect of compensation mechanism reform appeared;drug income ratio descended.Drug income was still the important factor to keep hospitals running normally;fiscal subsidy increased by years,public welfare of county public hospitals was prominent;technical services revenue which realized the value of technical work performed by medical personnel changed little.Conclusion:The cost structure of public county hospitals needed further adjustment.It should establish the comprehensive evaluation system of unreasonable growth of medical expenses,actively implement modern hospital management system,carry out synthetic?configuration of medical resources in county area,establish a dynamic medical service pricing mechanism combining market regulation with government guidance under the government's macro-controlling,and introduce the disease related group to hospital performance evaluation.

Cognitive study on the practicing environment of physicians in Shanxi province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To analyze the views and perceptions of practicing physicians on the practicing environment in the province,in order to provide policy reference for improvement.Methods By means of equi-probability and multi-stage sampling, 3 570 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed from site survey which consist of the subj ective evaluation,and measures to identify and prevent medical professional risk.Results Overall assessment of the practice environment of physicians in Shanxi province is low,as those holding the environment asniceandacceptableaccounting for 4.8% and 21.7%,only 47.0% of physicians in tertiary hospitals hold the environment as very bad,while only 6.1% of those in level-1 hospitals share this view.92.4% of the physicians surveyed hold compliance of laws and regulations and technical specifications as key to prevention of medical dispute,yet most of them do not expect the media to be obj ective,fair and accurate in their coverage of events.Conclusions It is recommended to strengthen communication with the media for obj ective coverage of the limits of medicine,and explore the mechanism to take care of medical disputes by physicians,and improve their medical risk control capabilities,for a better practicing environment.

Thinking on development of Shanxi Astragali Radix industry / 中国中药杂志

Shanxi, a traditional production area to produce genuine Astragali Radix of high quality, has experienced major changes in the pattern of resources. This area once accounted for half of Astragali Radix industry, but now only serves as the largest supply area of traditional wild Astragali Radix. Furthermore, the strategic position of Shanxi Astragali Radix industry will become more prominent and more important to economic and social development in face of the diversity of market demands, especially for the strong demands of high-end Astragali Radix. In addition, Astragalus industry involves the simultaneous development of the first, second and tertiary industries in many areas, and it is typical and representative in the traditional Chinese medicine industry development. However, the application and industrial development of Shanxi Astragali Radix have been restricted due to the problems such as blind promotion of transplanting cultivation technology, and lack of science and technology including efficacy investigation, safety evaluation, standardization and controllability studies. Therefore, we would analyze the production history, resource structure, the current situation and progress of industry development, scientific research foundation and existing problem in this paper, and put forward countermeasures for development and technical innovation in order to make Astragali Radix industry bigger and stronger through innovation-driven and make benefits for demos. This thought provides a reference for the exploratory development of other large varieties of Chinese medicinal materials.