ABSTRACT
El estudio de estabilidad del aceite microencapsulado y sin microencapsular se realizó por el método de vida de estante a las temperaturas de 2-8 °C, y temperatura ambiente, respectivamente, durante doce meses. Los parámetros analizados al pool de aceite fueron: características organolépticas, índice de acidez, peróxido, saponificación, contenido de vitamina A y conteo microbiológico. Mientras que al aceite microencapsulado se le evaluaron las características organolépticas, la eficiencia de encapsulación, contenido de humedad, aceite superficial, contenido de vitamina A y conteo microbiológico. Los resultados evidenciaron una disminución superior al 5% en el contenido de vitamina A en el aceite sin microencapsular, a diferencia del aceite microencapsulado. Se logró el enmascaramiento del olor intenso a pescado, y los restantes parámetros evaluados se encontraron dentro de los límites establecidos. El aceite de hígado de tiburón microencapsulado resultó estable física, química y microbiológicamente por doce meses, mientras que el aceite sin microencapsular solo seis meses. El proceso de microencapsulación no solo mejoró sus características organolépticas, sino también favoreció su estabilidad lográndose un mayor período de vida útil.
A stability study was carried out for microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated oil by applying the shelf-life method at temperature ranges of 2 to 8 °C, and ambient temperature, respectively, for a period of 12 months. The analyzed parameters in the case of pool oil were: organoleptic characteristics, acidity index, peroxide, saponification, vitamin-A content and microbiological count. For microencapsulated oil, the following parameters were evaluated: organoleptic characteristics, capsulation efficiency, humidity content, superficial oil, vitamin-A content and microbiological count. The stability study for non-microencapsulated oil proved that there was a decrease of over 5% in vitamin-A content, when compared to microencapsulated oil. The intense fish smell was properly masked and the remaining evaluated parameters were within established limits. Microencapsulated shark liver oil turned out to be physically, chemically and microbiologically stable for a period of 12 months, while non-microencapsulated oil remained stable for only 6 months. The microencapsulation process not only improved the oil´s organoleptic characteristics, but it also made it more stable, allowing for a longer shelf life.
ABSTRACT
Secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) in saliva constitutes the first-line barrier to the entry of pathogens into the body, implying its critical role in mucosal immunity.To examine the effect of a shark liver oil (SLO)-containing diet on salivary s-IgA concentration in healthy male and female adults, 42 subjects were assigned to either placebo or 6 weeks of a 2,400 mg SLO-containing diet (1,500 mg as SLO) and assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial.Salivary s-IgA concentration significantly increased at week 6 in the SLO group (P = 0.033), but not in the placebo group.Moreover, there was a significant difference between groups in the magnitude of change from baseline to week 6.No intervention-related adverse event or abnormal changes of laboratory test parameters were observed throughout the study period.In conclusion, an SLO-containing diet increases salivary s-IgA in healthy adults.
ABSTRACT
Se evaluó la toxicidad aguda oral y la actividad antimicrobiana de una mezcla de aceites de hígado de tiburón, de las especies Rhincodon typu (tiburón ballena) y Galeocerdo cuvier (tiburón tigre), que habitan en zonas aledañas a las costas del litoral norte occidental de Cuba, para su posterior uso farmacéutico, debido a que presenta un alto contenido de vitaminas y de ácidos grasos, que le confieren actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria. El estudio de la toxicidad aguda oral demostró que la mezcla de aceites de hígado de tiburones, no provocó alteraciones macroscópicas en los órganos extraídos, ni síntomas tóxicos severos, ni mortalidad de ninguno de los animales empleados en el estudio a la dosis de 20 mL/kg. Los resultados del estudio de la actividad antimicrobiana demostraron una ligera actividad bacteriostática frente a K pneumoniae; además una actividad antifúngica frente a Microsporum canis; y resistencia frente a C albicans y T mentagrophytes a las concentraciones evaluadas
The total acute toxicity and the antimicrobial activity of an oil mixtures from shark liver of Rhicodon typu (whale-shark) and Galeocerdo cuvier (tigger-shark) was assessed in species leaving in the adjacent costs of Cuban northern coastal for its subsequent pharmaceutical use due to its high content of vitamins and fatty acids and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Study of oral acute toxicity demonstrated that oil mixture of shark liver hasn't macroscopic alterations in removed organs, severe toxic symptoms and on mortality of any animals used in study at 20 mL/kg dose. Study results of antimicrobial activity showed a slight bacteriostatic activity against K pneumoniae and an antifungal activity against Microsporum canis, and a resistance against C albicans and T mentagrophytes at assessed concentrations
Subject(s)
Toxicity Tests, Acute , Fish Oils/toxicity , SharksABSTRACT
The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the histopathologic findings of shark liver oil-induced lipoid pneumonia, and to determine whether shark liver oil is absorbed through lymphatics and the venous system or not. A single intratracheal administration of shark liver oil (0.6 ml/kg of B.W.) was given to Sprague-Dawley rats. They were then sacrificed sequentially from 1 hour to 12 weeks after injection. We investigated the chest radiographic findings, the serum total lipid concentration of blood obtained by cardiac puncture, lipid-laden alveolar macrophage index of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the histopathology of tracheobronchial lymph nodes and the lung (Oil red O stain & H&E stain). Chest radiographs showed no specific findings; ill-defined hazy, linear, small patch radioopacity, air space consolidation or collapse. Thirty-six percent of the experimental rats revealed normal findings. Within the lung, the shark liver oil appeared either as highly emulsified fine granules in the cytoplasm of the alveolar macrophage or as free, round oil masses. The area of the lung accumulated with lipid material was maximized 1 week after injection, and then decreased thereafter. The tissue reactions were cuboidal metaplasia of the alveolar lining, widening and lymphocytic infiltration of the alveolar septa and granuloma formation (3% of experimental rats) as a reaction to a foreign body. There were also lung abscesses due to superimposed bacterial infection (5% of experimental rats). With time after the injection of the oil, the serum total lipid tended to increase and the intracellular lipid of the alveolar macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid tended to decrease. In summary, the histopathologic findings of the lung in the experimental lipoid pneumonia were interstitial chronic inflammation and granulomas with the presence of lipoid material in the lung parenchyma, and shark liver oil appeared to be absorbed in the blood and the lymph, then metabolized.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Bacterial Infections , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Cytoplasm , Foreign Bodies , Granuloma , Inflammation , Liver , Lung , Lung Abscess , Lymph Nodes , Macrophages, Alveolar , Metaplasia , Pneumonia , Punctures , Radiography, Thoracic , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , SharksABSTRACT
Background: Exogenous lipoid pneumonia is caused by inhalation or aspiration of animal, vegetable or mineral oil. Most cases are ascribed to aspiration of oil in laxatives or nose drops Petroleum, another pure hydrocarbon used as a base in various medications, is occasionally involved. Especially animal oil produces severe tissue inflammatory reaction, but most patients present with only abnormal chest X-ray and no specific clinical symptoms or signs. Method: Seven patients, 3 males and 4 females, with exogenous lipoid pneumonia, who was hospitalized or referred to pulmonary division at Samsung Medical Center from December 1994 to July 1996, were included. They hadn a history of taking shark liver oil(so-called "squalene") for varying period of time. We reviewed clinical, radioloic and pathologic findings. Result: Patients took 7 to 30 capsules of "squalene" a day for at least one month to 5 years. Six cases had chronic disease such as diabetes, hypertension, or cerebrovascular accident. Respiratory symptoms of mild fever, cough and sputum were present in 3 cases and in 3 cases there was no clinical symptoms and signs but abnormal findings by chest X-ray. The major radiologic findings by simple chest X-ray and computed tomography consisted of consolidation, infiltration involving mainly right middle and both lower lobes, and ground-glass opacity. Five of six bronchoscopic examinations demonstrated both lipid droplets floating on the surface of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lipid-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or lung tissue. Follow-up chest X-ray showed improvement in 4 cases but no marked interval change in 3 cases after removal of exposure to "squalene". Conclusion: Shark liver oil can induce lipoid pneumonia in adults. In case of high clinical suspicion, confirmation of "squalene" use by careful history taking is required and bronchoscopy is helpful in diagnosis.