Medicinal Uses of Poisonous Plant - A Brief Review

A poisonous plant is defined as a plant that when touched or ingested in sufficient quantity can be harmful or fatal. Many plants are harmful to people when consumed or through skin contact with plant chemicals. Poisonous medicinal herbs are used to treat a variety of illnesses, including diabetes, cancer, infection, and fungal growth. According to the review, numerous phytochemical components that have diuretic, purgative, laxative, anti-allergic, and other significant therapeutic effects have been identified from a variety of medicinal plants. If utilized appropriately, poison can be life-giving, calming to the three Doshas, encouraging, and regenerating. The poisonous plants categorized in Visha and Upvisha in Ayurveda texts. Agadtantra is an important branch of Astanga Ayurveda. Importance of this branch has been described in our Vedas, Epics, and Samhita. Proper description, classification, clinical features, and management of any kind of Visha has been described in this branch. Name of some poisonous plants are Dhatura, Vatsanabha, Bhallataka, Bhanga, Kuchala, Vacha and Gunja etc. Shodhana process is the only bridge between Visha and Aushadhi. Shodhana is the process by which physical, chemical and natural impurities are removed. It will intensify the potency, effectiveness of drug, nullify the toxicity. The aim of this review article is to provide a brief overview of the numerous medicinal uses of some poisonous plant.

Pharmaceutical Standardization Of Vatari Guggulu

Rasa Shastra is the pharmaceutical branch of Ayurveda. As like any other medical system, success of Ayurvedic treatment also depends upon quality of medicine prescribed to the patient. The integral part of Rasa Shastra lies in the successful pharmaceutical process. Rasaoushadis are the potent Ayurvedic preparations mainly containing metals and minerals. These Oushadis possess wide range of therapeutic efficacy and are considered superior because of their qualities like small dose, quick action, palatability and longer shelf life. Vatari Guggulu is an important Rasa oushadi described in Bhaishajya Ratnavali - Amavata Adhikarana indicated in Gridhrasi. Vatari Guggulu contains Suddha Gandhaka (Sulphur), Suddha Guggulu (Commiphora mukul), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica Roxb), Amlaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), Eranda taila (Ricinus communis Linn). The pharmaceutical procedures adopted in this study are Shodhana, Churna Nirmana and preparation of Vati of Vatari Guggulu. The specific pharmaceutical blend of these contents can result in a more effective formulation. Till now, no research work has been carried out to standardize this formulation. Therefore the present study has been planned to standardize the method of preparation of Vatari Guggulu according to the method explained in the classical literature.

Pharmaceutical Standardization Of Amritamanjari

Rasa Shastra is the pharmaceutical branch of Ayurveda. As like any other medical system, success of Ayurvedic treatment also depends upon quality of medicine prescribed to the patient. The integral part of Rasa Shastra lies in the successful pharmaceutical process. Rasaoushadis are the potent Ayurvedic preparations mainly containing metals and minerals. These Oushadis possess wide range of therapeutic efficacy and are considered superior because of their qualities like small dose, quick action, palatability and longer shelf life. Amritamanjari is an important Rasa oushadi described in Bhaishajya Ratnavali- Amavata Adhikarana indicated in Amavata. Amritamanjari contains Suddha Hingula (Cinnabar), Suddha Vatsanabha (Aconitum ferox), Suddha Tankana (Borax), Pippali (Piper longum), Maricha (Piper nigrum) and Jatikosa (Jatiphala- Myirstica fragrans). The pharmaceutical procedures adopted in this study are Shodhana, Churnanirmana and preparation of Vati of Amritamanjari. The specific pharmaceutical blend of these contents can result in a more effective formulation. Till now, no research work has been carried out to standardize this formulation. Therefore the present study has been planned to standardize the method of preparation of Amritamanjari according to the method explained in the classical literature.

Pharmaceutical Standardization Of Yashada Bhasma

Rasa Shastra is the pharmaceutical branch of Ayurveda. As like any other medical system, success of Ayurvedic treatment also depends upon quality of medicine prescribed to the patient. The integral part of Rasa Shastra lies in the successful pharmaceutical process. Bhasma are the potent Ayurvedic preparations prepared by metals and minerals. These Bhasma possess wide range of therapeutic efficacy and are considered superior because of their qualities like small dose, quick action, palatability and longer shelf life. Yashada bhasma is important formulation mentioned in Rasa shastra texts obtained from the incineration of Raw Yashada. The pharmaceutical procedures adopted in this study are Shodhana, Jarana, Marana. The present study has been planned to standardize the method of preparation of Yashada bhasma according to the method explained in the classical literature.

Preventing Apathyanimittaja Madhumeha - An Ayurvedic Approach

Prevention is always better than cure especially in diseases such as Type 2 DM which is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India with more than 62 million diabetic individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. The disease Madhumeha can be correlated with Type 2 DM. The disease is characterized by metabolic abnormalities and long term complications involving the eyes, kidneys, nerves and blood vessels. Madhumeha being an Anushangi vyadhi will make the person suffer for life time. Complications are further more difficult to treat. Hence it is always recommended in Ayurvedic classics to prevent the manifestation of diseases as much as possible and also to prevent the Upadravas if Madhumeha is already manifested. A good and proper diet in disease is worth a hundred medicines and no amount of medication can do well to a patient who does not follow a strict regimen of diet. Pathya ahara is the first and foremost step while considering the prevention of Madhumeha. Another factor which has important role in the disease manifestation is improper Vihara which can be considered for increased urbanisation, high prevalence of obesity, sedentary lifestyles and stress. Healthy life style has a key role in preventing Madhumeha and also to ease the life with Madhumeha by delaying the complications. Hence the present study is aimed at collecting and compiling various preventive measures which are explained by our Ayurvedic Acharyas to prevent Madhumeha and its complications.

Effect of a multimodality Ayurveda treatment in a case of Visphota kushta

Visphota kushta (blistering skin disease) is characterized by transparent blisters with thin skin covering.Management of Visphota Kushta in Ayurveda is rarely reported. The case reported here showed significant regression in the condition in short span of time and could completely stop the use of anti histamines and corticosteroids. A 32 year old female, presented with complaints of blisters over both upperand lower extremities associated with edema, burning sensation, pain, severe itching and oozing sincethree months. The treatments were given after ascertaining the involved dosha and the samprapti(pathogenesis). The involved dosha were and Pitta (metabolic factor) and Kapha (binding factor) dosha.Pitta - kapha dosha hara line of treatment was adopted in terms of mitigating and purificatory therapy. Ithelped in arresting the progression of the condition and a complete healing of blisters. Photographs weretaken during and after the treatment for records. The blister completely resolved and the skin wasnormal as before. The patient was back to her normal routine with no signs of relapse. The outcome wasa combined effect of both shamana and shodhana chikitsa along with pathya sevana.© 2018 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Pharmaceutical Preparation Of Tamra Bhasma

Bhasma occupy the highest attention and have got a very unique place because of their small doses, tastelessness, quick action, easy absorption and also their prolonged shelf life, wide range of therapeutic efficacy and better rejuvenating (Rasayana) effects. Metals and minerals are integral part of therapeutics in Ayurveda and Tamra is one of such metals which if properly processed and detoxified is useful in many diseases. But if not processed properly it shows many ill effects called Ashtmaha Dosha. In the present study Tamra Bhasma was prepared by using Tamra Patra. This study included procedures like Shodhana, Marana, Amrutikarana as per classical texts. 380gm of raw Tamra Patra were taken. Samanya and Vishesha Shodhana were done as per reference of Rasa Ratna Samuchya. After complete Shodhana, total 350gm Shudha Tamra was obtained. Loss in weight after Shodhana may be due to loss in impurities present in raw Tamra. Total 21 Puta were given in the electrical muffle furnace to prepare Tamra Bhasma. Specific temperature pattern was adopted for Puta in the electrical muffle furnace. Total 300gm of Tamra Bhasma was obtained. After each Puta there was significant loss in weight of Tamra may be due to loss in hardness and impurities. Marana was followed by Amrutikarana and net weight of Tamra Bhasma obtained was 330gm. 30gm weight gain may be due to the organic material used for the Amrutikarana process. Color of Bhasma became black after Amrutikarana.

Pharmaceutical Preparation Of Lauha Bhasma

In the present research paper, the pharmaceutical preparation of Lauha bhasma (calcined iron) is being presented. The various procedures adopted in the preparation of Lauha bhasma includes Samanya Shodhana (common purification process for iron) and Vishesha Shodhana (specific purification process for iron), Lauha marana by Bhanupaka (Heating of iron under sunrays) Sthalipaka (Heating of iron in a vessel) and Puta paka (Incineration of iron). Lauha was finally subjected to the process of Amriikaran (nectarization). The process of Puta paka was undergone in electric muffle furnace (EMF) and was repeated for sixty times each under identical conditions, at the temperature of 7500 C till 35th Puta and thereafter at 7000 C till the end of the Marana process i.e. 60 Puta. During the processing of iron, Triphala kwatha (decoction of three myrobalan) has been used as liquid media for Vishesha Shodhana, Bhanupaka, Sthalipaka and Puta paka. The study showed an increase in weight of Lauha after Bhanupaka and Stahlipaka i.e.,, 216% and 105.3%, respectively. It may be due to addition of solid content of Triphala kwatha. After Puta paka, 63%weight gain was observed in final product which may be attributed to addition of ash from Triphala kwatha. The Bhasma obtained fulfils all criteria and was found safe for oral administration.

Effective Management Of Vrasana Kacchu - Case Report

Skin is an organ which represents some inner abnormalities and stress conditions within one抯 body. Skin is just like a mirror reflection and manifesting various type of inner abnormality or diseased condition. Now a day抯, skin infections are more common in a persons who is having altered life style, lack of physical exercise, unhygienic condition, mental stress, irregular food habits. In Ayurveda, major skin diseases have been classified under the heading of Kustha. Acharya Sushrutha explained Vrsanakacchu under Kshudrarogas, while explaining the Nidanas, he opines that due to lack of hygiene there will be Mala sanchaya in the Vrshana leads to Kandu, Kshipraspota and Sravayukthavyadhi called Vrsanakacchu. In modern science this condition is termed as 揟inea Cruris, but in this present case, symptoms are seen in other places also, so in this condition can also be considered as 揟inea corporis" Inspite of all the advancement in treatment the results in contemporary science are not much beneficial. Here, a case report of 24 years female who approached to OPD of SKAMC,H & RC with chief complaints of dryness, blackish discoloration along with itching and peeling off of the greyish skin in the groin region, upper back, and above the umbilicus since 1 year, was treated with initial line of Bahirparimarjana chikitsa followed by Shodhana chikitsa.

Pharmaceutical Standardization Of Kanyalohadi Vati

Rasa oushadies are the potent Ayurvedic preparations mainly containing metals and minerals. These oushadies possess a wide range of therapeutic efficacy and are considered superior because of their qualities like small dose, quick action, palatability and longer shelf life. Kanyalohadi Vati is an important Rasaoushadi described in Rasa Tantra Sara Va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha indicated for the management of the diseases Anartava, Kashtartava and Aniyamithartava. The ingredients present in the “Kanyalohadi vati” are Kaseesa Bhasma, Elua (Musambaram), Twak, Ela, Sunthi and Gulkand. The main pharmaceutical procedures involved in the preparation of Kanyalohadi Vati are Shodhana, Bhavana, Marana, Elua nirmana, Gulkand nirmana, Churna nirmana and preparation of Kanyalohadi Vati. The specific pharmaceutical blend of these contents can result in a more effective formulation. Therefore the present study has been planned to standardize the method of preparation of Kanyalohadi Vati according to the method explained in the classical literature.

Pharmaceutical Standardization Of Shatpala Gandhaka Churna

Rasa oushadis are the potent Ayurvedic preparations mainly containing metals and minerals. These Oushadis possess wide range of therapeutic efficacy and are considered superior because of their qualities like small dose, quick action, palatability and longer shelf life. Shatpala Gandhaka churna is an important Rasa oushadi described in Vaidya chintamani- Kushtha prakaranam indicated for all types of Kushtha, Grahani, Gulma, Mandagni. Shatpala Gandhaka Churna contains Shuddha Gandhaka, Shuddha Bhallataka, Shuddha Chitrakamula twak, Triphala, Vidanga, Trikatu, Trijataka, Chanaka, and Jeeraka. The main pharmaceutical procedures adopted in this study are Shodhana, Churna nirmana and preparation of capsule of Shatpala Gandhaka Churna. The specific pharmaceutical blend of these contents can result in a more effective formulation. Till now, no research work has been carried out to standardize this formulation. Therefore the present study has been planned to standardize the method of preparation of Shatpala Gandhaka churna according to the method explained in the classical literature.

Management Of Kitibha Kushta (psoriasis): A Case Study

Now days society is more conscious about external beauty compare to internal beauty and also some professional fields they require good looking and charming beauty. Usually 10-15% cases present before general practitioners are pertaining to skin diseases. Due to altered life style, lack of physical exercise, unhygienic, mental stress, over eating, nutrition deficiency, skin diseases are commonly observed. Psoriasis is chronic disorder which is commonly encountered in day today’s clinical practices. It is one of the burning issues having social importance. Increased stress and sedentary life style are main predisposing factor which is accounting for wide spared prevalence of this disease. All the skin diseases in Ayurveda have been discussed under the broad heading of Kushta. Which are further divided in Mahakustha and Kshudra Kushta. This paper highlights a case study of Kitibha Kushta (Psoriasis) treated with the Ayurvedic principles in particular Shodhana Chikitsa.

Formulation And Physico-chemical Characterisation Of Ksharaplota Dressing For Vrana Chikitsa

Good quality of wound healing is a difficult task to the clinicians in ancient time and even in present time though. Wound healing is a defense mechanism of our body to prevent and fight against infection. In Health sciences, wound healing formulations are practiced with their own advantage and disadvantages. Ayurveda is a divine science of medicine where there are so many pieces of diamonds available for management of Vrana without any complication. Our Acharyas broadly described about treatment principles of wound management and classified the drugs related to Vranashodhana and Vranaropana. As per text we are well known about the wider approach of Acharya Sushruta in relation to Vrana and its management. They have mentioned various dressing materials for wound care it comprises Pichu, Plots, Kawalika, etc. Among these Plota is much better because we can use it for both purposes i.e. to clean as well as to cover the wound. Ksharaplota (medicated gauze) is an innovative and newer concept used for management of Infected and chronic Wounds and ulcers. This Ksharaplota is a herbo-chemical compound and prepared with the help of Snuhikshira (milk of Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.), Apamargakshara (ash of Achyranthes aspera L.) and Haridra (Curcuma longa L.). A single coating of the above drugs were given to the Plota (gauze). It can be used in number of open wounds and ulcers. This Ksharaplota was prepared similarly with basic concept of Ksharsutra preparation. The Aim of this study was to formulate Ksharaplota dressing and to do the physico-chemical analysis of the Ksharaplota. The proved that pharmaceutical processing of the raw drugs imparts characteristic property to the formulation were evident by the physicochemical analysis of the Ksharaplota. The method of formulation of Ksharaplota holds good even for today’s era and can be considered as standard protocol for Vrana Shodhana and Ropana in Dushta Vrana Chikitsa.

An Ayurvedic Approach To Chronic Plaque Psoriasis : A Case Report

Plaque Psoriasis, a common type of Psoriasis typically characterized by circular to oval red plaques distributed over extensors of body surface and scalp.The plaques usually exhibit scaling as a result of epidermal hyperproliferation and dermal inflammation with well defined sharply demarcated boundaries sometimes carry a violacious tint. Both early onset and a family history of disease are considered poor prognostic indicators. We here by presenting a case of chronic plaque psoriasis admitted to the IPD of SJIIM Hospital simulating the lakshanas of kitibhakushta treated with shodhna and shamana therapies with the objective of reducing the frequency of relapses,duration of remission and alleviating the symptoms.

Utilization Of Samanya Shodhana In The Purification Of Excess Mercury Obtained From Dental Operatory- A Preliminary Study

Background: Concerns about toxicity of mercury and disposal of excessive mercury has led to decreased usage of mercury in dental profession but still tooth colored restorative materials are not affordable by all the classes of any society. The disposal of excess mercury has always been a matter of concern. Thus, in the present study, we attempted to evaluate a simple procedure from Rasa Shastra using lime powder, garlic and rock salt for recycling of excess mercury obtained from dental operatory. Materials and methods: The excess mercury was recycled by the standard procedure explained in Ayurveda texts (Samanya shodhana) using Sudha churna (lime powder), Lashuna kalka (paste of Allium sativum L.) and Saindhava lavanaa (rock salt). The commercially available mercury and recycled mercury was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the detection of elements in ppm level. Results: It was found that the excess impure mercury contained 5138 ppm, 2866.1 ppm and 0.371 ppm of Silver, Copper and Tin respectively. After Shodhana, the level of silver, tin and copper were markedly reduced. Purified mercury showed a level of 119.5ppm silver, 0.5324 ppm copper and 0.3233 ppm tin. Conclusion: Samanya shodhana is a simple promising procedure which can be used for mercury recycling. The procedure doesnot require sophisticated equipments and maneuver. Further, the materials used in the procedure are easily available and affordable at low cost.

Detoxification of Abrus precatorius L seeds by Ayurvedic Shodhana process and anti‑inflammatory potential of the detoxified extract.

Background: Abrus precatorius seeds traditionally used for the treatment of sciatica and alopecia contains the toxic protein, abrin, a Type II Ribosome Inactivating Protein. Ayurveda recommends the use of Abrus seeds after the Shodhana process (detoxification). Objective: The current study was aimed at performing the Shodhana process, swedana (boiling) of Abrus precatorius seeds using water as a medium and to evaluate the anti‑inflammatory potential of seed extract post detoxification. Materials and Methods: Non‑detoxified and detoxified extracts were prepared and subsequently subjected to various in vitro and in vivo assays. In hemagglutination assay, the non‑detoxified extract shows higher agglutination of RBCs than detoxified extract indicating riddance of toxic hemagglutinating proteins by Shodhana. This was confirmed by the SDSPAGE analysis of detoxified extract revealing the absence of abrin band in detoxified extract when compared to non‑detoxified extract. Results: The cytotoxicity assay in HeLa cell line expresses a higher reduction in growth percentage of the cells with non‑detoxified extract as compared to detoxified extract indicating successful detoxification. Brine shrimp lethality test indicated the reduction in toxicity index of detoxified extract as compared to non‑detoxified extract. Further, the whole body apoptosis assay in zebrafish revealed that percentage of viable cells were greater for detoxified extract than non‑detoxified extract. The anti‑inflammatory studies using carrageenan induced paw edema model in rats was carried out on the extracts with doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, per oral, where the detoxified extract exhibited significant inhibition of rat paw edema at both the doses comparable to that of Diclofenac sodium. Conclusion: Absence of toxicity and the retention of the anti‑inflammatory activity of detoxified Abrus seed extract confirmed that the Swedana process is effective in carrying out the detoxification without affecting its therapeutic potential.

Evaluation of the effect of conventionally prepared swarna makshika bhasma on different bio-chemical parameters in experimental animals.

Swarna makshika (chalcopyrite) bhasma (SMB) has been used for different therapeutic purposes since long in Ayurveda. The present study is conducted to evaluate the effect of conventionally prepared SMB on different bio-chemical parameters in experimental animals, for providing scientific data base for its logical use in clinical practice. The genuine SMB was prepared by following classical techniques of shodhana and marana most commonly used by different Ayurvedic drug manufacturers. Shodhana was done by roasting raw swarna makshika with lemon juice for three days and marana was performed by 11 putas. The experimental animals (rats) were divided into two groups. SMB mixed with diluted honey was administered orally in therapeutic dose to Group SMB and diluted honey only was administered to vehicle control Group, for 30 days. The blood samples were collected twice, after 15 days and after 30 days of drug administration and different biochemical investigations were done. Biochemical parameters were chosen based on references from Ayurvedic classics and contemporary medicine. It was observed that Hb% was found significantly increased and LDL and VLDL were found significantly decreased in Group SMB when compared with vehicle control group. This experimental data will help the clinician for the logical use of SMB in different disease conditions with findings like low Hb% and high LDL, VLDL levels.