Identification Strategy of Biological Half Sibling Relationship / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To compare the application value of the likelihood ratio (LR) method and identity by state (IBS) method in the identification involving half sibling relationships, and to provide a reference for the setting of relevant standards for identification of half sibling relationship.@*METHODS@#(1) Based on the same genetic marker combinations, the reliability of computer simulation method was verified by comparing the distributions of cumulated identity by state score (CIBS) and combined full sibling index in actual cases with the distributions in simulated cases. (2) In different numbers of three genetic marker combinations, the simulation of full sibling, half sibling and unrelated individual pairs, each 1 million pairs, was obtained; the CIBS, as well as the corresponding types of cumulative LR parameters, were calculated. (3) The application value of LR method was compared with that of IBS method, by comparing the best system efficiency provided by LR method and IBS method when genetic markers in different amounts and of different types and accuracy were applied to distinguish the above three relational individual pairs. (4) According to the existing simulation data, the minimum number of genetic markers required to distinguish half siblings from the other two relationships using different types of genetic markers was estimated by curve fitting.@*RESULTS@#(1) After the rank sum test, under the premise that the real relationship and the genetic marker combination tested were the same, there was no significant difference between the simulation method and the results obtained in the actual case. (2) In most cases, under the same conditions, the system effectiveness obtained by LR method was greater than that by IBS method. (3) According to the existing data, the number of genetic markers required for full-half siblings and half sibling identification could be obtained by curve fitting when the system effectiveness reached 0.95 or 0.99.@*CONCLUSIONS@#When distinguishing half sibling from full sibling pairs or unrelated pairs, it is recommended to give preference to the LR method, and estimate the required number of markers according to the identification types and the population data, to ensure the identification effect.

Effect of early childhood psychological maltreatment on depression in non-only-child college students: the multiple mediating effects of sibling relationship and resilience / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of child psychological abuse on adult depression in non-only-child families, and to investigate the mediating effects of sibling relationship and resilience.Methods:The child psychological abuse scale (CPAS), the life span sibling relationship scale(LSRS), Connor-Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC) and the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D) were were used to evaluate 2 995 non-only-child college students from March 2020 to July 2020.Descriptive analysis and correlation analysis were performed by SPSS 21.0 software.The mediating effect was tested by AMOS 23.0 software.Results:(1) The positive rate of childhood psychological abuse was 55.29%.The positive rate of depression(16(9, 24)) was 51.62%.(2) Psychological abuse, sibling relationship, resilience and depression were significantly different in the dimensions of parental relationship ( Z=-17.986, -13.822, -13.771, -12.620, -10.650, -11.524, all P<0.01). There was a significant difference in depression variables ( Z=-2.176, P<0.05). (3) Psychological abuse was positively correlated with depression ( r=0.558, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with sibling relationship and resilience ( r=-0.379, r=-0.270, both P<0.01). Sibling relationship was positively correlated with resilience ( r=0.380, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with depression ( r=-0.366, P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between resilience and depression ( r=-0.431, P<0.01). (4) The indirect effect value of psychological abuse on depression was 0.138, accounting for 9.37% of the total effect.Further testing the mediating effect of psychological resilience, adult sibling relationship and child sibling relationship, the single mediating effect of resilience accounted for 3.33% of the total effect, and the chain mediating effect of adult sibling relationship and resilience accounted for 2.76%. Conclusion:The relationship between psychological abuse and depression in non-only child is very close.The relationship between psychological resilience and sibling relationship, especially adult sibling relationship, can alleviate the depression, but this effect is limited to reducing the degree of depression and can not improve the incidence of depression.

Application of ITO Method in Determination of Special Half-Sibling Relationship / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To identify whether the relationship between Zhang A, Zhang B, Zhang C and Zhang X is the half-sibling relationship whose mother is sister (hereinafter referred to as the special half-sibling relationship) or the common first cousin relationship and discuss the application of ITO method in discriminating the special kinship.@*METHODS@#DNA was extracted from blood stain of four identified individuals, PowerPlex® 21 System and AGCU 21+1 STR kit were used to detect autosomal STR genetic markers. Investigator® Argus X-12 QS kit was used to detect the X chromosome STR genetic markers, the special half-sibling index (SHSI) and first cousin index (FCI) and their likelihood ratio (LR) were calculated by ITO method.@*RESULTS@#The LR results of SHSI to FCI, which were calculated based on autosomal STR genotyping and the analysis of X-STR genotyping results suggested that the relationship between Zhang A, Zhang B, Zhang C and Zhang X was inclined to be a special half-sibling relationship.@*CONCLUSIONS@#For the identification of special kinship, it is necessary to comprehensively apply various genetic markers according to the case. After the conclusion that shared alleles cannot be excluded from the analysis, ITO method can be further used to establish discriminant assumptions according to the specific case to obtain objective and reliable identification opinions.

Comprehensive application of multiple methods in determination of half-sibling relationship / 中国法医学杂志

Objective To identify the half-sibling relationship by comprehensive using three different methods. Methods STR genotype was performed on A, A's mother, B and B's mother by using PowerPlex21 kit, AGCU Expressmarker 21+1 kit, Microreader 23sp-B kit and AGCU X-19 STR kit respectively. Based on the results of STR genotype and X-STR, we determined half-sibling relationship by ITO, discriminant function analysis and IBS. Results HIS was between 1.36×102and 2.09×105in ITO which indicated that A and B had the same father. The IBS and discriminant function analysis also had the same conclusion. Conclusion Comprehensive using multiple methods can obtain reliable result to identify the half-sibling relationship from the same father.

Relação Fraternal e Síndrome de Down: um Estudo Comparativo / Sibling Relationship and Down Syndrome: A Comparative Study / Relación Fraternal y Síndrome de Down: Un Estudio Comparativo

As relações fraternais em famílias com filhos com e sem síndrome de Down (SD) têm sido pouco investigadas no Brasil. Este estudo descreve o funcionamento familiar e compara a relação entre irmãos em dois tipos de famílias, identificando similaridades e diferenças nos relatos dos genitores. Participaram do estudo oito famílias compostas por mãe, pai e dois filhos, sendo que em quatro delas havia somente membros com desenvolvimento típico (DT) e nas demais havia um membro com SD, totalizando oito díades de irmãos, de ambos os sexos com idades entre cinco a 15 anos. Utilizou-se o Questionário de Caracterização do Sistema Familiar, que foi respondido pelas mães, e entrevistas semiestruturadas, cujos genitores responderam. Os resultados indicam similaridades na rotina diária das famílias, sendo as mães as principais responsáveis pelas tarefas domésticas e cuidados com os filhos, em ambos os tipos de famílias. As relações fraternais foram descritas, pelos pais e mães, como Mistas e Amistosas em ambos os tipos de famílias, caracterizando, portanto, como sendo positivas. O filho com DT foi indicado como líder na maioria das famílias com um membro com SD, enquanto nas famílias com as díades com DT, a maioria dos genitores indicou o filho mais velho. Os dados convergem com os da literatura acerca do fato de que a relação entre a díade de irmãos SD-DT tende a ser positiva, com características de amistosidade mais do que conflitos. Os dados encontrados sugerem coerência com os da literatura atual....(AU)

The sibling relationships in families with children with and without Down syndrome (DS) have been poorly investigated in Brazil. This study describes family functioning and compares the relationship between siblings in two types of families, identifying similarities and differences in the reports of the parents. Eight families (n = 8) consisting of mother, father and two children participated on the study. In four of them, there were only typically developing (TD) members and in the others there was a member with DS, with a total amount of eight dyads of siblings of both sexes, ranging from five to 15 years old. The Family System Characteristics Questionnaire was answered by the mothers and semi-structured interviews were responded by the parents. The results indicated similarities in the daily routine of the families, in which mothers are primarily responsible for household chores and child care in both types of families. Sibling relations were described by fathers and mothers as Mixed and Friendly in both types of families, therefore, characterizing them as positive. The child with TD was indicated as a leader in most families with a member with DS, and in families with TD dyads, most parents indicated their eldest son. Data converge with those in the literature about the fact that the relationship between the dyad of DS-TD siblings tends to be positive with characteristics of friendship rather than conflict....(AU)

Las relaciones fraternales en familias con hijos con y sin síndrome de Down (SD) han sido poco investigadas en Brasil. Este estudio describe el funcionamiento familiar y compara la relación entre hermanos en dos tipos de familias, uno compuesto por miembros con y sin SD y el otro con todos los miembros con desarrollo típico (DT), identificando semejanzas y diferencias en los relatos de padres y madres en estos tipos de familias. Participaron del estudio ocho familias compuestas por madre, padre y dos hijos. En cuatro de estas solamente había personas con desarrollo típico (DT) mientras que en las otras había una persona con síndrome de Down, con un total de ocho diadas de hermanos de ambos sexos, con edades entre 5 a 15 años. Se utilizaron el Cuestionario de Caracterización del Sistema Familiar, que fue respondido por las madres; y entrevistas semiestructuradas, respondidas por los progenitores. Los resultados indican semejanzas en la rutina diaria de las familias, siendo las madres las principales responsables por las tareas domésticas y cuidados con los hijos en los dos tipos de familias. Las relaciones fraternales fueron descritas, por padres y madres, como complementarias y de amistad, siendo caracterizadas, por lo tanto, como positivas. El hijo con DT fue caracterizado como líder en la mayoría de las familias con una persona con SD, y en las familias con las diadas con DT, la mayoría de los progenitores caracterizaron al hijo mayor. Los datos se muestran coherentes con los de la literatura sobre el hecho de que la relación entre las diadas de hermanos SD-DT tiende a ser positiva con amistad y con poco conflicto....(AU)

Rivalidade fraterna: uma proposta de definição conceitual / Sibling rivalry: Proposing a conceptual definition / Rivalidad fraterna: Una propuesta de definición conceptual

A rivalidade fraterna pode ser pensada como uma experiência normal e talvez diária para as crianças. Apesar de sua relevância para o relacionamento entre os irmãos e para o funcionamento familiar como um todo, o conceito de rivalidade fraterna carece de uma definição clara e compartilhada no meio científico, sendo confundido e utilizado simultaneamente às noções de conflito, ciúme e competição. O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura acerca da temática da rivalidade fraterna, problematizando-se sua definição conceitual. Enquanto a definição de ciúme parece apresentar-se com mais clareza na literatura internacional, o mesmo não ocorre com o conceito de rivalidade fraterna. Frente à complexidade de concepções envolvidas no relacionamento fraterno, propõe-se uma compreensão abrangente do conceito de rivalidade fraterna que inclua tanto as manifestações de ciúme quanto a dimensão de competição fraterna...

Sibling rivalry can be thought as a normal and, perhaps, daily experience for children. Despite its relevance for sibling relationship and for family functioning as a whole, the concept of sibling rivalry lacks a clear and shared definition in the scientific community, being confused and used simultaneously with the notions of conflict, jealousy and competition. This article presents a literature review on the theme of sibling rivalry, questioning its conceptual definition. While the definition of jealousy seems to appear more clearly in the international literature, the same is not true for the concept of sibling rivalry. Due to the complexity of conceptions involved in sibling relationship, a comprehensive understanding of the concept of sibling rivalry, that includes jealousy manifestations and sibling competition, is proposed...

La rivalidad entre hermanos puede pensarse como una experiencia normal y tal vez diaria para los niños. A pesar de su importancia para las relaciones entre los hermanos y para el funcionamiento de la familia en su conjunto, el concepto de rivalidad entre hermanos carece de una clara y compartida definición entre los científicos, que se confunde y se utiliza simultáneamente con nociones de conflicto, celos y competencia. En este artículo se presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema de la rivalidad entre hermanos, cuestionando su definición conceptual. Si bien la definición de los celos parece presentarse con mayor clareza en la literatura internacional, lo mismo no ocurre con el concepto de rivalidad entre hermanos. Teniendo en cuenta la complejidad de los conceptos que intervienen en las relaciones fraternas, proponemos una amplia comprensión del concepto de rivalidad entre hermanos, que incluye tanto las manifestaciones de los celos como la dimensión de la competencia fraternal...

Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale

The sibling relationship and its potential impact on neurodevelopment and mental health are important areas of neuroscientific research. Validation of the tools assessing the quality of the sibling relationship would be the first essential step for conducting neurobiological and psychosocial studies related to the sibling relationship. However, to the best of our knowledge, no sibling relationship assessment tools have been empirically validated in Korean. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale (LSRS), which is one of the most commonly used self-report questionnaires to assess the quality of the sibling relationship. A total of 109 adults completed a series of self-report questionnaires including the LSRS, the mental health subscale of the Medical Outcomes Study-Short Form 36 version 2 (SF36v2), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLS), and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS). The internal consistency, subscale intercorrelations, one-week test-retest reliability, convergent validity, divergent validity, and the construct validity were assessed. All six subscale scores and the total score of the LSRS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.85-0.94) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.77-0.92). Correlations of the LSRS with the SF36v2 mental health score (r=0.32, p=0.01) and with the SLS (r=0.27, p=0.04) supported the good convergent validity. The divergent validity was shown by the non-significant correlation of the LSRS with the MC-SDS (r=0.15, p=0.26). Two factors were extracted through factor analysis, which explained 78.63% of the total variance. The three Adult subscales loaded on the first factor and the three Child subscales loaded on the second factor. Results suggest that the Korean version of the LSRS is a reliable and valid tool for examining the sibling relationship.