ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the deployment of sidewalks and the possible relationship with local GDP,population density and prosperity of streets in 12 cities selected in China.Methods For all the streets in 333 blocks of 12 cities surveyed (Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Qingdao,Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Suzhou,Nantong,Zhenjiang,Chengdu,Xining and Harbin),the deployment and management of sidewalks were observed.And we collected the GDP data of the 12 cities,the population data of 333 blocks,and the numbers of stores and restaurants along the streets.Results A total of 4 255 streets were included in the study.In the 12 cities,71.1％ of the streets had sidewalks.The deployment rates of sidewalks was high in Qingdao (91.9％) and Harbin (90.6％),and low in Suzhou (48.6％) and Shaoxing (52.6％),the differences were significant.The higher GDP of city was,the more sidewalks were deployed.But on the other hand there were more parking cars and obstacles on the sidewalks.The higher the population density was,the worse the condition of sidewalks was.Conclusions The survey of sidewalks in the 12 cities indicated that efforts could be made to improve the condition of sidewalks.Attention should be paid not only to the deployment of sidewalks,but also the management of sidewalks.Reasonable deployment of sidewalks should be considered according to the local population density and traffic flow.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the deployment of sidewalks and the possible relationship with local GDP,population density and prosperity of streets in 12 cities selected in China.Methods For all the streets in 333 blocks of 12 cities surveyed (Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Qingdao,Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Suzhou,Nantong,Zhenjiang,Chengdu,Xining and Harbin),the deployment and management of sidewalks were observed.And we collected the GDP data of the 12 cities,the population data of 333 blocks,and the numbers of stores and restaurants along the streets.Results A total of 4 255 streets were included in the study.In the 12 cities,71.1％ of the streets had sidewalks.The deployment rates of sidewalks was high in Qingdao (91.9％) and Harbin (90.6％),and low in Suzhou (48.6％) and Shaoxing (52.6％),the differences were significant.The higher GDP of city was,the more sidewalks were deployed.But on the other hand there were more parking cars and obstacles on the sidewalks.The higher the population density was,the worse the condition of sidewalks was.Conclusions The survey of sidewalks in the 12 cities indicated that efforts could be made to improve the condition of sidewalks.Attention should be paid not only to the deployment of sidewalks,but also the management of sidewalks.Reasonable deployment of sidewalks should be considered according to the local population density and traffic flow.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: Em uma estrutura urbana, o sistema de deslocamento é o articulador das atividades econômicas, culturais e sociais. Porém,alguns gestores deixam de construir em seus municípios uma infraestrutura de transporte adequada para a circulação de pedestres,em especial de portadores de necessidades especiais (PNE). Objetivo: Levando-se em consideração a dificuldade de acessibilidade existente na mobilidade urbana desses indivíduos e a condição real das calçadas na maioria das cidades brasileiras, faz-se necessário obter informações sobre possíveis alterações que o piso possa provocar no sistema locomotor durante a marcha. Material e métodos: Foram coletados dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas (questionários de opinião) a 54 deficientes visuais a fim de verificar o grau de satisfação com as calçadas de Belém e com a utilização do piso com sinalização tátil de alerta e tátil direcional da Prefeitura Municipal de Belém. Resultados: Foi encontrado, entre outros resultados, que a maior parte dos investigados sente alguma dificuldade em se deslocar pelas calçadas da cidade e a significativa minoria considera ruim o deslocamento na calçada cidadã. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que a dificuldade de deslocamento pelas calçadas da Região Metropolitana de Belém afeta enormemente aos deficientes visuais.
Introduction: In an urban structure, the transportation system isthe articulation of economic, cultural and social activities. However,some managers fail to build in their towns an adequate transportation infrastructure for pedestrians circulation, especially people with special needs (PSN). Objective: Taking into account the difficulty of existing accessibility in the urban locomotion of these individuals and the actual condition of sidewalks in most Brazilian cities, it is need to obtain information about possible injuries that pavement may cause in the locomotor system during gait. Method: Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires were distributed to 54 visually impaired PSN, to verify the level of satisfaction with the sidewalks of Belém and with the tactile warning and tactile directional signage of local government of Belém. Results: The results show that most of the interviewees have some kind of difficulty to move around the sidewalks of the city and the minority believes that the urban sidewalk is bad to move around. Conclusion: We can conclude that visually impaired users in the metropolitan region of Belém are enormously affected due to difficulty in travelling on the sidewalks.